Incarcerated Research Articles

Exploring the Impact of a Trauma-informed Yoga and Mindfulness Curriculum for Multiple Populations: A Pilot Study

Individuals with trauma experience negative mental health impacts and are at risk of poor cardiovascular outcomes. Unmanaged, these conditions may worsen, compromising healing and wellbeing. Yoga, particularly trauma-informed, may improve outcomes. The current pilot study explores the impact of a novel trauma-informed yoga and mindfulness curriculum on wellbeing in two parts. The first examined mental health (stress, mood) outcomes in four trauma-impacted populations: adults who were incarcerated (INC), individuals in recovery from substance use disorders (SU), veterans (VA), and vulnerable youth (YTH) assessing both the impact of individual class participation and impact of attending at least four curriculum sessions. For the subgroup of incarcerated individuals, impact by theme was examined. After curriculum sessions, stress was reduced, and mood improved. Across multiple sessions both the largest decreases in stress and greatest increase in mood occurred after participant in the first session. Further, a specific exploration of curriculum class impact by theme for participants who were incarcerated indicated no difference in impact by theme. The second part of this study explored cardiovascular outcomes for the population of those in recovery from substance use. Reductions in systolic blood pressure occurred immediately after the first curriculum session, and diastolic blood pressure reduced over three consecutive sessions.

End the Routine Shackling of Incarcerated Inpatients.

End the Routine Shackling of Incarcerated Inpatients.

Nadera Shalhoub-Kevorkian. Incarcerated Childhood and the Politics of Unchilding

Nadera Shalhoub-Kevorkian. <i>Incarcerated Childhood and the Politics of Unchilding</i>

Program Provides Academic Lifeline to Incarcerated Individuals

Program Provides Academic Lifeline to Incarcerated Individuals

Out of Sight and Out of Mind: The Incarcerated

Out of Sight and Out of Mind: The Incarcerated

Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis: vulnerabilidade das mulheres privadas de liberdade

Objetivou-se descrever as evidências científicas que analisam a relação das ISTs em mulheres privadas de liberdade, bem como o impacto da doença e fatores de risco nas penitenciárias femininas para esta população. foi realizado um estudo de revisão integrativa de literatura, de abordagem qualitativa descritiva. buscou-se artigos publicados nas bases de dados Pubmed, Google Scholar (Google Acadêmico), Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciElo) e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), publicados no período de 2015 a 2019, utilizando os descritores: “Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis”, “Penitenciária Feminina” e “Enfermagem”. Foram encontrados 89 artigos, destes, 13 foram utilizados para a construção do artigo. Os artigos foram divididos em dois eixos temáticos de maior interesse, o primeiro trata da prevalência de ISTs nas penitenciárias femininas, com 5 artigos, percebendo-se assim que ainda são poucos os artigos dedicados a analisar a prevalência de ISTs em mulheres detentas; o segundo trata dos fatores associados a contaminação de mulheres encarceradas por ISTs, para esse tema foram encontrados 11 artigos, demonstrando que existem muitos fatores de vulnerabilidade que aumentam a ocorrência de doenças dentro das penitenciárias femininas. Conclui-se que diante da alta prevalência de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis no ambiente prisional, a identificação das características sociodemográficas e dos comportamentos de risco assumidos pelas mulheres encarceradas são importantes para o entendimento desta problemática.

A Lit Mag By and For The Incarcerated

A Lit Mag By and For The Incarcerated

교화 및 재사회화를 위한 수형자의 재범위험성 평가에 대한 재고찰 - 미국 연방수형자의 교화 및 재사회화 법률을 중심으로 -

교화 및 재사회화를 위한 수형자의 재범위험성 평가에 대한 재고찰 - 미국 연방수형자의 교화 및 재사회화 법률을 중심으로 -

Analysis of risk factors for postoperative stenosis with single ureteral calculi treated with ureteroscopic holmium laser listhotripsy

Objective To explore the risk factors of stricture after ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy (URSL) in patients with single ureteral calculi, and to provide reference for the treatment of patients. Methods Retrospective analysis of 230 patients with single ureteral calculi who underwent URSL between November 2017 and November 2018 was performed. According to the postoperative follow-up results, 26 patients with ureteral stricture were treated as observation group, and ureteral non-stenosis patients were 204 patients as a control group. The risk factors for stenosis after surgery were analyzed. Results The risk factors of postoperative stenosis showed that the diameter of calculus≥2 cm, severe hydronephrosis, stone incarceration, and long course of disease were the risk factors for postoperative stenosis. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis of ureteral stricture showed that large stones, severe hydronephrosis, incarcerated stones and long-term disease were independent risk factors for ureteral stricture after URSL, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusions Severe hydronephrosis, large stones, stone incarceration and long course of disease are high risk factors for postoperative ureteral stricture. Therefore, patients should be kept away from the high risk factors causing ureteral stricture in patients during treatment for better therapeutic efficiency. Key words: Ureteral Calculi; Lithotripsy, Laser; Urethral Stricture

Editors' Note: Crises, Radicalism, Backlash, and Transitions

Concentrating on African Americans in New York City who were incarcerated for theft, she shows us how white supremacy operated within the carceral system: law enforcement officials often exonerated white female domestic workers accused of stealing, arguing that these women were just trying to keep their families afloat [ ]the state co-opted—and then subverted—elite women's demands as the state became increasingly centered around the person of Saddam Hussein Founder of the Women's Dance Health Program, an intertribal, interracial organization that provided health education and health services to Native American women, Cook worked at the intersection of the Red Power and the natural birthing movement [ ]as O'Donnell compellingly argues, Seaman felt it necessary to set the record about 1970s feminist activism straight—in advance, so to speak—because she already perceived a backlash against feminism by the early 1980s

Jillian Hernandez. Review of "Per(sister): Incarcerated Women of Louisiana" .

Jillian Hernandez. Review of "Per(sister): Incarcerated Women of Louisiana" .

Analysis of risk factors for appendicitis caused by incarcerated inguinal hernia in infants

Objective To investigate the risk factors for appendicitis caused by incarcerated inguinal hernia in infants. Methods The retrospective case-control study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 371 infants with incarcerated inguinal hernia who were admitted to Wuhan Children′s Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology between January 2010 and December 2018 were collected. There were 256 males and 115 females, aged from 0 to 90 days, with an average age of 47 days. Observation indicators: (1) situations of incarcerated hernia; (2) surgical and postoperative recovery; (3) postoperative pathological examination; (4) analysis of risk factors for appendicitis caused by incarcerated inguinal hernia in infants. Measurement data with skewed distribution were described as M (range). Count data were expressed as absolute numbers. Univariate analysis was performed using the chi-square test. Multivariate analysis was performed using the Logistic regression model. Results (1) Situations of incarcerated hernia: of the 371 infants, 264 had bowel incarceration, 102 had ovarian incarceration, 2 had both bilateral ovarian and bowel incarceration, 1 had bilateral ovarian and womb incarcerated into one side, and 2 had Meckel′s diverticulums incarceration. Among the 264 infants with bowel incarceration, 29 had Amyand′s hernia, including 18 of ileocecal incarceration (3 with appendicitis) and 11 of pure appendix incarceration (10 with appendicitis). (2) Surgical and postoperative recovery: of the 29 infants with Amyand′s hernia, 10 underwent laparoscopic hernia sac high ligation and 19 underwent inguinal explorations, relaxation of hernia ring and then hernia sac high ligation. One infant undergoing laparoscopic hernia sac high ligation had pure appendix incarceration. It showed that chorda at the blind end of appendix was connected with the bottom of hernia sac intraoperatively. There was no obvious inflammation in the appendix. Chorda was released, and the appendix was reset into the abdominal cavity. One infant was resected appendix because of its inflammation after ileocecal reduction. Twelve infants undergoing inguinal explorations, relaxation of hernia ring and then hernia sac high ligation had appendicitis (2 of ileocecal incarceration and 10 of pure appendix incarceration), and received appendectomy and hernia sac high ligation. One infant of ileocecal incarceration had postoperative intestinal adhesion, and was found local adhesion and stenosis after abdominal re-exploration. The infant underwent ileocecoectomy followed by ileum-ascending colon anastomosis. All infants recovered well after operation. (3) Postoperative pathological examination: 13 of 29 Amyand′s hernia infants had appendictis, 4 of which were confirmed as appendix suppuration by pathological examination, 2 were appendix suppuration and perforation, and 2 were gangrene. (4) Analysis of risk factors for appendicitis caused by incarcerated inguinal hernia. Results of univariate analysis showed that age, local swelling and erythema of the hemiscrotum, intestinal obstruction, and incarceration location were related factors for the appendicitis caused by incarcerated inguinal hernia (χ2=10.598, 15.603, 9.732, 3.866, P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that age less than 28 days, local swelling and erythema of the hemiscrotum, no obvious obstruction were the independant risk factors for appendicitis caused by incarcerated inguinal hernia (odds ratio: 4.537, 35.506, 34.565, 95% confidence interval: 1.014-20.296, 6.447-195.552, 6.370-187.546, P<0.05). Conclusion Age less than 28 days, local swelling and erythema of the hemiscrotum, and no obvious obstruction are independent risk factors for appendicitis caused by incarcerated inguinal hernia. Key words: Hernia; Incarcerated inguinal hernia; Amyand′s hernia; Appendicitis; Neonate; Risk factors

Comparison of sun's tip-flexible ureterorenoscopy and minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy in the treatment for senile upper ureteral incarcerated calculi

Objective To compare the efficacy of Sun's tip-flexible ureterorenoscopy and minimally invasive percutaneous nephroscopy in the treatment of incarcerated upper ureteral calculi in elderly patients. Methods From July 2016 to December 2017, 60 elderly patients with upper ureteral incarcerated calculi were selected from the department of urology of the Huaian hospital affiliated to Xuzhou medical university. According to the order of hospitalization, it was divided into the Sun's tip-flexible ureterorenoscopy (30 cases) and the minimally invasive percutaneous nephroscope (30 cases), respectively, with Sun's tip-flexible ureterorenoscopy and minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy. The one-time success rate, stone clearance rate, intraoperative bleeding volume, postoperative hospital stay, postoperative complications, postoperative comfort, pain and trauma index (TNF-a, IL-6 and CRP) were compared between the two groups. Results The two groups were successful in the first stage operation, and there was no significant difference between the two groups after 1 month of operation (P>0.05). The intraoperative bleeding volume, postoperative hospitalization time and incidence of postoperative complications in the Sun's tip-flexible ureterorenoscopy group were significantly lower than those in the minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy group (P<0.05), and the pain scores in the Sun's tip-flexible ureterorenoscopy group were significantly lower than those in the minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy group (P<0.05), while the comfort scores were significantly higher than those in the minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy group (P<0.05). The levels of serum TNF-α, IL-6 and CRP in both groups increased 24 hours after operation, but decreased 72 hours later. The levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and CRP in percutaneous nephroscopy group were significantly higher than those in Sun's tip-flexible ureterorenoscopy group at different time points (P<0.05). Conclusions Sun's tip-flexible ureterorenoscopy and minimally invasive percutaneous nephroscope both have high lithotripsy efficiency in the treatment of incarcerated upper ureteral calculi in the elderly, but Sun's tip-flexible ureterorenoscopy has the advantages of small trauma, low complications and high comfort, which is worthy of wide clinical application. Key words: Ureteral Calculi; Ureteroscopy; Nephrostomy, Percutaneous

Comparison of efficacy of two treatment regimens under ureteroscope in patients with calculi in incarcerated upper ureteral duct

Objective To compare the efficacy of two treatment regimens under ureteroscope in the treatment of calculi in incarcerated upper ureteral duct. Methods A retrospective analysis on January 2016 to February 2017 in our hospital for treatment and diagnosis of 86 patients with calculi in incarcerated upper ureteral duct, 55 cases of men and women in 31 cases, aged 29-69 years, the average age was (38.5±7.4) years old. One step method of 43 cases of observation group, 43 patients accepted the fractional step method for the control group, two groups of patients in such aspects as age, basic situation, condition, there was no statistically significant difference(P>0.05). Postoperative urine bacterial culture and drug sensitivity test were conducted on 2 groups of patients, and regular reexamination was conducted. Two groups of operation time, surgical success rate, stone clearance rate, postoperative complications, postoperative fever rate to 38.5℃temperature acuity, 2 groups of patients in postoperative 1 day the reaction levels of inflammatory markers measurement and stress related factors were compared. Results The average operation time of observation group was(37.45±3.40) min, and the operation time of control group was (55.45±4.80) min, the time of observation group was obviously less than control group(P 0.05). Two groups of patients in postoperative body temperature of 38.5℃or higher, observation group occurred in 1 case, 12 cases of control group. There was no statistical significance in inflammatory factor, tumor necrosis factor-a(TNF-a) and interleukin-10(IL-10) before surgery(P>0.05), but in postoperative 1, 3, 5 d, observation group was lower than the control group(P 0.05), and 1, 3, 5 d after surgery, the observation group and control group decreased, but the observation group was lower than the control group, with statistical significance(P 0.05). Conclusions One-step lithotripsy can shorten the operation time, has a good surgical field in operation, it can effectively guarantee the operation quality and the operation time, the low incidence of postoperative patients with fever and inflammation, reduce the patient's medical expenses, the fractional step method has obvious application advantages. Key words: Ureteral Calculi; Ureteroscopy; Lithotripsy

Higher Education in Prison: Thoughts on Building a Community of Scholarship and Practice

Since first publishing the Call for Papers for this volume (2017), we have spent more than two years “ruminating” with the twelve authors who have contributed to this project and many others in the higher education in prison community who have generously offered feedback, posed questions (and some challenges) and most notably, we express our gratitude to the instructors who have brought these readings into their classrooms, to incarcerated and non-incarcerated students, and rigorously engaged the ideas offered. In this final essay, we touch on three themes that we believe are relevant to the present moment and purpose of this volume and that are central to field building efforts: equity in higher education, the quality and “promise” of Pell grant restoration, and how and why we should foster a community of scholarship and practice.

Risk factors of ureteral stricture after ureteroscopy in the treatment of ureteral calculi

Objective To explore and analyze the risk factors of ureteral stricture after transurethral ureteroscopic treatment of ureteral calculi. Methods The clinical data of 1800 patients with ureteral calculi treated by transurethral ureteroscopy in our hospital from January 2011 to December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the results of follow-up, the patients were divided into ureteral stricture group and non-stricture group, clinical data of two groups were analyzed using univariate analysis of chi-square test and a non-conditional logistic regression multivariate analysis, and then the risk factors for ureteral stricture were explored. Results A total of 1800 patients were followed up for 10-24 months. There were 92 patients (5.11%) with postoperative ureteral stenosis. There was difference was statistically significant in the course of disease, calculus diameter, multiple stones, polyps, incarcerated stones, treatment, degree of hydronephrosis, duration of surgery and postoperative sepsis between the two groups (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the risk factors of ureteral stricture were: incarcerated stones (OR=3.79, P<0.001), multiple stones (OR=3.56, P<0.001) (OR=1.98, P=0.048), hydronephrosis (OR=1.51, P<0.001) . Conclu-sions For patients with impacted calculi, multiple stones, large stones, patients who are treated with holmium laser lithotripsy, hydronephrosis and polyp stones around the ureteral calculi, the risk of ureteral stricture increases after surgery and we must attach great importance to it. Key words: Ureteral Calculi; Ureteroscopy; Constriction, Pathologic

Incarcerated Retroverted Uterus Manually Replaced in 24 Week Pregnancy

Incarcerated Retroverted Uterus Manually Replaced in 24 Week Pregnancy

Screening of clinical indicators for evaluation of incarcerated stone before operation

Objective To investigate the clinical indicators which could be used to differentiate incarcerated stones from unincarcerated stones by comparing clinical characteristics of patients. Methods 96 patients who were diagnosed as ureteral stones treated by ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URSL) from June 2017 to November 2017 were selected in the study. Clinical characteristics of patients were collected. The total study consisted of 62 male and 34 female patients. The patients’ age ranged from 24 to 78 years old and average age was (54.5±12.7) years old. There were 35 patients were diagnosed as ureteral stones with hypertension, 9 patients with diabetes, 85 patients with hydronephrosis, respectively. The number of patients, whose stone located in upper ureters, middle ureters and lower ureters were 49, 19, 28, respectively. The average of maximum stone diameter, maximum cross-sectional area of the stone, stone volume, hounsfield units of stone and maximum ureteral wall thickness (UWTmax) at the stone site were(7.75±2.68)mm, (36.12±24.43)mm2, (304.06±303.39)mm3, (755.75±318.05) HU, and (3.18±1.13)mm, respectively. Percussion tenderness over kidney region were positive in 11 cases, weak positive in 64 cases and negative in 21 cases, respectively. Stone-free rate after operation were 93.8%. Patients were divided into two groups, incarcerated or unincarcerated, and statistical differences between clinical characteristics of the two groups were analyzed by univariate analysis. The differences were further compared by multivariate logistic regression analysis to find independent predictors of impacted stones. The ROC curve was used to find the optimal UWTmax for diagnosis of impacted stone. The accuracy of this value was evaluated and patients were grouped by this value to compare the differences between groups. Results The operation and follow-up were successfully performed in all patients. Univariate analysis showed there were no statistical significance differences in gender[(24 males and 16 females)vs. (38 males and 18 females)], age [(53.4±12.3) years vs.(48.7±12.7) years], previous history of diabetes (4 cases vs. 5 cases) and stone location[(19 upper stones, 9 middle stones, 12 lower stones) vs. (30 upper stones, 10 middle stones, 16 lower stones)], between the two groups(P>0.05). Among the clinical characteristics of patients in incarcerated and unincarcerated groups, UWTmax were (4.15±0.94)mm and (2.58±0.76)mm, previous history of hypertension were 20 cases and 15 cases, ipsilateral URSL history were 14 cases and 10 cases, hounsfield units of stone were (847.66±282.39)HU and (698.65±325.50) HU, hydronephrosis were 40 cases and 50 cases, maximum stone diameter were (8.67±2.28)mm and (7.17±2.75)mm, maximum cross-sectional area of the stone were (43.83±23.65)mm2 and (31.14±23.64)mm2, stone volume were (386.20±296.60)mm3 and (253.04±296.29)mm3, percussion tenderness over kidney region were positive in 8 cases(20.0%), weak positive in 27 cases, negative in 5 cases and positive in 3 cases, weak positive in 37 cases, negative in 16 cases, respectively. The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed UWTmax (OR=10.40, P<0.001) at the stone site was significantly correlated with impacted ureteral stones and it was an independent predictor of impacted stones. ROC curve analysis showed that the optimal cut-off value of UWTmax was 3.26 mm. The sensitivity of the value to predict impacted stone is 82.5% and the specificity is 87.5%. Depending on the cut off value of 3.26 mm, cases were divided into two groups, 40 cases were in high UWTmax(≥3.26 mm)group and 56 cases were in low UWTmax(<3.26 mm)group. Higher UWTmax was accompanied with a higher incidence of ureteral edema[77.5%(31/40) vs. 32.1%(18/56)], polyps[30.0%(12/40)vs. 7.1%(4/56)], strictures[37.5%(15/40)vs. 12.5%(7/56)] and a lower stone-free rate[87.5%(35/40)vs. 98.2%(55/56)]. The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusions UWTmax can be used to differentiate impacted stones from unimpacted stones before surgery. The patients with Higher UWTmax(≥3.26 mm) was accompanied with a higher incidence of stone impacted, ureteral edema, polyps, and strictures, and a lower rate of stone clearance. Key words: Ureteral wall thickness; Ureteral calculi; Impacted stone

A rare cause of left lower quadrant pain: Amyand's hernia

Amyand's hernia is defined as the presence of a normal or inflamed appendix vermiformis within the inguinal hernia sac and was first described by Claudius Amyand. Most cases of Amyand's hernia are seen on the right side associated with the normal anatomy of the appendix. Diagnosis is usually made during hernia surgery. In this study, a rare case is reported of a patient operated on for left-side incarcerated inguinal hernia and determined with acute appendicitis within the hernia sac.

Clinical efficacy of mesh repair via inguinal approach in acute femoral hernia

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of mesh repair via inguinal approach in acute femoral hernia. Methods The retrospective cohort study was conducted. The clinical data of 48 patients with acute femoral hernia who were admitted to Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University between January 2007 and December 2016 were collected. Of 48 patients, 29 undergoing hernia repair with polypropylene mesh and 19 undergoing hernia repair with suture were allocated into the study group and control group respectively. All the patients underwent hernia repair via inguinal approach. Observation indicators: (1) surgical and postoperative situations; (2) follow-up and survival situations. Follow-up was performed by outpatient examination and telephone interview to detect complications, hernia recurrence, survival situations at 1-, 3-month and 1 year postoperatively for 1 year up to December 2017. Measurement data with normal distribution were represent as ±s and comparison between groups was done by the t test. Comparison of count data was analyzed using the chi-square test or Fisher exact probability. Results (1) Surgical and postoperative situations: patients in the 2 groups underwent successful incarcerated or strangulated acute femoral hernia repair. There were 3 and 4 patients receiving small bowel resection in the study group and control group respectively, with no statistically significant difference between groups (χ2=1.50, P>0.05). The operation time was respectively (82±16)minutes and (96±13)minutes in the study group and control group, with statistically significant difference between groups (t=-2.94, P 0.05). (2) Follow-up and survival situations: all the 48 patients were followed up for one year. No mesh infection was found in the study group. Incisional infection was detected in 4 and 2 patients of the study group and control group respectively, with no statistically significant difference between groups (χ2=0.11, P>0.05). Patients with incisional infection were cured after incision open drainage. Two and 2 patients had postoperative chronic pain in the study group and control group respectively, with no statistically significant difference between groups (χ2=0.20, P>0.05). The 4 patients had mild intermittent pain, without special treatment. There were no seroma occurred in the 2 groups. Hernia recurrence was occurred in 0 and 5 patients of the study group and control group respectively, with statistically significant difference between groups (χ2=8.52, P 0.05). Conclusions Hernia repair with Polypropylene mesh via inguinal approach in acute femoral hernia is safe and feasible. Compared to suture repair, it can not only shorten operation time and reduce hernia recurrence, but also had no mesh infection and cannot increase postoperative complications. Key words: Femoral hernia, acute; Hernia repair; Mesh repair; Polypropylene mesh; Suture repair; Inguinal approach