Inadequate Power Generation Research Articles

Analysis of Akangba Transmission substation protection system

The challenges of the Nigeria power system have deprived the yearning electricity consumer access to stable power supply. Apart from the incessant load shedding due to inadequate power generation capacities, poor power system protection design, lack of constant protection system review after several changes to the power network is one of the contributing factors for unstable power system and unplanned outages. The network engineers must devise method of reviewing the protection settings as changes are made to power system components. This motivates the adoption of power system symmetrical fault analysis model presented herein. The model was applied to Akangba Transmission substation using the network planning software (NEPLAN software). The results show the fault current flowing through every part of the network. The effect of network expansion, switching Scenarios /Component changes on the fault current and protection scheme was also verified. Protection engineers must therefore take note of changes in the power network configuration when planning protection coordination and relay setting. The method is interesting and can be used as a template for reviewing protection scheme when changes are made on the power network. This will ensure better power protection management, enhance stable power supply and reduce damage to expensive power components.

Energy Growth and Sustainability Through Smart Grid Approach: a Case Study of the Nigeria Electric Grid

Over the last few years, energy growth and sustainability in Nigeria have suffered many difficulties resulting to inadequacy in the country’s power supply. Numerous solutions proffered by industry experts and energy reforms by the Nigerian government have brought little or no improvement in the energy sector including the unbundling of the nation’s major power company (Power Holding Company of Nigeria, PHCN). The nation’s poor power supply resulting from outdated and unmaintained transmission and distribution facilities, inadequate power generation coupled with decrepit metering system used by consumers have immeasurably affected the nation’s economic development. This paper aims at introducing smart grids and distributed generation approaches as the potential and viable solutions to solve Nigeria’s poor power generation, transmission, and distribution issues. The smart grid technology transforms the nation’s traditional grid technology in order to achieve improved efficiency and reliability by incorporating new communication technologies, which have been lacking in the Nigerian power system. In this paper, the Nigerian energy sector is also examined and the benefits of smart grids to the sector are presented. The current situation of Nigeria in terms of smart grid implementation is also assessed and discussed while its challenges and recommendations are documented. However, it is concluded that in modernizing the current grid and considering the potentials of smart grid, numerous benefits can be achieved and the power supplied to consumers will be significantly improved.

Power Generation and Regional Collaboration in South Asia

Inadequate power generation and supply are considered to be the main hindrance of economic development and prosperity in South Asia. Limited indigenous energy resource of each South Asian nation is not suitable to generate sufficient power. Moreover, the availability of limited indigenous energy resources differs among South Asian nations. The power demand and power generation capacity notably vary among the countries due to seasonal variability. This paper highlights the need for a collective effort to develop mechanism for the utilisation of limited resources and enhance the cross-border power trade among South Asian nations. Bilateral and multi-lateral cooperation will allow overcoming regional power shortage and augmenting collective energy security.

Probabilistic Reliability Enhancement Strategies of Hydro Dominant Power Systems under Energy Uncertainty

Climatic hydrological changes cause considerable seasonal and yearly energy variation in hydro dominant electric power systems. Extreme weather events are becoming more frequent in recent years causing dramatic impacts on energy availability in such systems. A significant amount of energy is often wasted due to reservoir overflow during wet seasons. By contrast, the scarcity of water in dry seasons results in inadequate power generation to meet the system demand, and therefore degrades overall system reliability. The high risks associated with an extreme dry hydrological condition should not be ignored in long term system adequacy planning of hydro dominant utilities. This paper presents a probabilistic method to incorporate diurnal, seasonal and yearly energy management strategies in run-of-river and storage type hydropower plant planning and operation in order to minimize the adverse impact of energy uncertainty and maintain long-term system adequacy. The impacts of reservoir capacity and demand side management on water utilization and system reliability are investigated with case studies illustrated using the IEEE Reliability Test System modified to create a hydro dominant system. The achieved benefits of reliability enhancement strategies are analyzed and compared in this paper.

Biomass Gasification Potential in Nigeria: A Review

Nigeria is blessed with abundant biomass throughout her six geo-political zones. However, biomass energy is largely used in the rural areas mainly for off grid purposes. The method of such biomass conversion is based on traditional combustion process which is grossly inefficient with attendance environmental implications. This paper addresses the use of gasification technology for the conversion of biomass to high value fuel. It presents biomass gasification as a solution to the menace of inadequate power generation, dependence on fossil fuel, greenhouse gas (GHG) emission and inappropriate disposal of wastes. The paper also highlights the need for focus to be shifted to other means of renewable energy in the country rather than hydropower and bioethanol on which the energy policy in the country is concentrated on.

PERANCANGAN SISTEM DISTRIBUSI ZONA II TANJUNG BALAI KARIMUN KEPULAUAN RIAU

<p>The distribution system is one of the most important elements to be able to distribute electrical energy from power plants to consumers. Tanjung Balai Karimun, Kepulauan Riau is an island near the island of Batam. PT Karimun Power Plant has built a plant with a total capacity of 7.5 MW consisting of 5 machines with a capacity of 1.5 MW each. This research is aimed at the appropriate distribution system to be applied there. Medium voltage air duct is one of the existing systems, and is suitable to be applied in Zone II Tanjung Balai Karimun Riau Islands. The cross section size used in the calculated conduit is 100 mm² in the upstream and 16 mm² in the downstream. These conveyors are supported by a pole with a height of 12 m and with a distance between the poles as wide as 100 m. in this system there is also a transformer with a capacity of 160-4000 kVA. This system was tested using ETAP software and produced data that the available generator was not enough to carry the burden in Zone II Tanjung Balai Karimun. Due to inadequate power generation, the long-term solution is to increase the number of plants while the short-term solution is to reduce the burden to be carried.<br />Keywords. SUTM, Sistem Distribusi, ETAP</p>

The Dimensions Affecting Investment Resulting Stabilized Economic Growth in Bangladesh: Perception Analysis of Investors and Bankers

Abstract The purpose of the study is to identify the impact of some assumed dimensions as vital reasons for investment sluggishness in Bangladesh resulting stabilized GDP growth rate around 6 percent over last decade in spite of having some favorable microeconomic and macroeconomic indicators such as controlled inflation rate, huge foreign exchange reserve, export growth etc. The study is descriptive in nature where correlation, regression and trend analysis have been conducted from the data of primary and secondary sources. The result of the analysis shows that mainly five important dimensions of investment sluggishness named high lending interest rate, corruption in public and private organizations, political unrest, inadequate power generation and supply and infrastructure problem are significantly affecting investment sluggishness in Bangladesh resulting stabilized GDP growth rate. At the end of the research paper, some measures have been recommended to overcome the obstacles of investment growth.

Assessment of biomass energy resources and related technologies practice in Bangladesh

Abstract Bangladesh is energy starve country facing a severe power crisis for the last few decades because of inadequate power generation capacity compared with demand. The power generation of the country largely depends on the non-renewable (fossil fuel) energy sources, mainly on the natural gas as accounts 64.5% of recent installed capacity. This trend causes rapid depletion of non-renewable energy sources. Thus, it is necessary to trim down the dependency on non-renewable energy sources and utilize the available renewable resources to meet the huge energy demand facing the country. Most of the people living in rural, remote, coastal and isolated areas in Bangladesh have no electricity access yet. However, renewable energy resources, especially biomass can play a pivotal role to electrify those rural, remote, coastal and isolated areas in the country. Humankind has been using biomass as an energy source for thousands of years. This study assesses the bio-energy potential, utilization and related Renewable Energy Technologies (RETs) practice in Bangladesh. Improved cooking stove, biogas plant and biomass briquetting are the major RETs commonly practiced in Bangladesh. The assessment includes the potential of agricultural residue, forest residue, animal manure and municipal solid waste. The estimated total amount of biomass resource available for energy in Bangladesh in 2012–2013 is 90.21 million tons with the annual energy potential of 45.91 million tons of coal equivalent. The recoverable amount of biomass (90.21 million tons) in 2012–2013 has an energy potential of 1344.99 PJ which is equivalent to 373.71 TWh of electricity.

An overview of integrated power supply system: Solution to Nigeria’s electricity problem

This work traces the causes of electricity problem in Nigeria to inadequate power generation. Though other militating factors such as faulty transmission and distribution systems were highlighted, the study insists that the major contributing factor to the epileptic electric power supply in the country is due to the inadequate power generation system currently in place. The study further proposes an integrated powers supply system whereby several sources of primary energy are harnessed and combined to give a robust generation system, as the solutionto the epileptic power supply in the country. The study further recommends that the reactivation and repairs of the country’s power transmission and distribution networks, is germane to the attainment of this goal.

Green Energy Solutions for Power Crisis in Pakistan

Pakistan is one the most energy-hungry countries having power generation crisis and this is affecting every sector of life. The power problems emerged mainly because of inadequate power generation capacity compared with demand and the ageing infrastructure of many existing power generation facilities. Pakistan is full of renewable energy resources specially the hydropower energy, whereas most of this energy just flows as waste in sea. Small Hydropower Plants (SHP) with multiple advantages as reliable and low-cost form of power generators are in the forefront to achieve energy self-sufficiency in Pakistan. This article deals with study of establishing small hydropower units as renewable green energy resource and its utilization at house-hold level. Utilization of Indigenous Energy Resources such as Small Hydropower Plants (SHPs) can play a major role to meet electricity demands in the rural and remote areas of Pakistan. These will in-turn reduce the massive power demand on national grid and increase the reliability and availability of power to industrial sector. SHPs can also be cost-effectively manufactured to power nearby small villages. The small water reservoirs for these Units can be used to irrigate the nearby fields. As part of this study, a practical application will be studied to establish a Small Hydropower Plant on one of many natural springs in Murree Hills mountainous areas. The power generated from this plant will be offered to a local poultry farm and nearby residents.

Percutaneous transthoracic epicardial ablation for ventricular tachycardia and epicardial accessory pathways- improved success with cryoablation

Percutaneous transthoracic epicardial ablation (PTEA) has recently been used to treat ventricular tachycardia (VT) with epicardial (epi) circuits. However, its success using radiofrequency (RF) ablation is modest, and there is no report of successful PTEA for epi accessory pathways (AP). This is at least partly due to inadequate power generation possible in the closed pericardial space. We hypothesised that PTEA Cryoablation (Cryo) could overcome this limitation, and used Cryo in all cases where RF was unsuccessful.