Inadequate Length Research Articles

Seedling characters at different temperatures in pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.)

The effect of six temperatures ranging from 20 to 45°C on the germination and seedling length of six grain pearl millet genotypes (KS, AM, HG, EC, ZZ and D) was determined. There was significant variation in germination and seedling length across temperatures and among genotypes. As a result, significant temperature × genotype interactions occurred. Emergence problems, due to poor germination and inadequate seedling length, were likely found in certain genotypes at high and low seed temperature. The optimum temperature for coleoptile and radicle elongation was 30°C.

Intermediate Debonding Failure of RC Beams Retrofitted in Flexure with FRP: Experimental Results versus Prediction of Codes of Practice

An experimental investigation has been conducted with the aim to investigate on the midspan debonding failure of reinforced concrete (RC) beams retrofitted in flexure by means of the application of a fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) lamina externally applied to concrete substratum. Experimental tests on a series of RC beams with different geometries and type of internal steel reinforcing bars have been carried out in four-point bending up to failure to evaluate the influence of flexural/shear cracks on the debonding of FRP reinforcement from concrete substratum. It is widely known that the overall performance of a standard RC element is primarily influenced by the interaction between FRP and concrete substratum rather than by the strength of the FRP. The failure of such innovative retrofitting techniques may be attributed to an inadequate anchorage length; in other cases, when the FRP is correctly applied at the ends of beam, debonding starts in the vicinity of cracks and propagates toward the supports. The results of the experimental tests are used to investigate on the effectiveness of design procedures currently recommended for such debonding failure mode by the codes of practice. The results of the analytical calculations based on such models are presented in this paper and will provide an element of comparison and discussion with the experimental results. The codes of practice propose different analytical models based on the extensive research done in the last two decades, which involve different types of approximation and often yield quite different results.

A comparative analysis of periapical radiography and cone-beam computerized tomography for the evaluation of endodontic obturation length

The aim of this study was to determine the consistency and inconsistency between the periapical radiography (PR) and cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT) in evaluating the length of root canal obturations (RCOs) in vivo. Thirty-six maxillary and mandibular first and second molars yielding 109 obturated root canals with available PR and CBCT images were analyzed. The inclusion criterion was that the RCO extended 0-2 mm short of the radiographic apex on PR images. Teeth having root canal calcification, apical resorption, or poor quality PR/CBCT images were excluded. Agreement and disagreement between the 2 imaging modalities for obturation length were analyzed using the χ(2) test. A total of 30.3% of the RCOs evaluated by PR as having adequate length were diagnosed by CBCT to have inadequate length. Among these, 13.8% were overextended and 16.5% underextended as diagnosed by CBCT. When the distance from the filling tip to the radiographic apex was 0.5 to 1 mm on the PR image, the discordance rate was the lowest (11.1%) in all evaluated distance groups, significantly lower than with distances of 0-0.5 mm and 1.5-2 mm (P < .01). When RCOs were diagnosed as terminating at the facial/lingual side, overextension was the main evaluation result by CBCT in the disagreement evaluation with PR and significantly more frequent than those at the mesial/distal/central side (P < .01). CBCT evaluated 30.3% of the RCOs with radiographically adequate length as inadequate. When the RCOs radiographically terminated 0.5-1 mm short of the apex, the evaluation rated adequate for obturation length was comparatively reliable.

An Alternative Pancreatic Anastomosis Following Pancreaticoduodenectomy

Pancreatic head resection and reconstruction is technically challenging. Eight patients underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy for either ductal adenocarcinoma (n = 7) or neuroendocrine tumor (n = 1) in the head of the pancreas with a dilated pancreatic duct. The pancreatic stump could not be mobilized to form a standard pancreaticogastrostomy or a pancreaticojejunostomy following resection because of a complete fixation to the splenic vein (n = 2), common hepatic artery (n = 1), or mesentery (n = 3) or inadequate length of the pancreatic remnant (n = 2). After laying open the pancreatic duct along the pancreatic transection margin in the ventral aspect of the pancreas, a longitudinal ventral pancreaticojejunostomy was performed using polydioxanone 3/0 sutures. The average time taken to create this pancreatic anastomosis was less than 10 minutes. This longitudinal ventral pancreatic anastomosis is quick, easy to perform, and a safe alternative method for pancreatic reconstruction after pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Seismic retrofit of rectangular RC bridge columns using wire mesh wrap casing

Many bridges were constructed before a seismic design provision was implemented in Korea. Therefore, poor seismic response of non-seismically detailed RC bridge columns could be expected during a seismic event. The aim of this study is to report experimental results of a seismic retrofit method for the non-seismically detailed rectangular RC bridge columns by casing lap-splice region with a Stainless Steel Wire Mesh (SSWM) and permeable polymer mortar. Total five reduced scale RC column specimens were tested to examine the seismic performance improvement due to the SSWM wrap casing for retrofitting the rectangular RC columns with an inadequate lap-splice length in the longitudinal reinforcement. The test results show that the non-seismically detailed rectangular RC column has poor seismic capacity. However, this deficient seismic capacity can be upgraded by applying an elliptical shape SSWM wrap and an elliptical shape mortar casing into the lap-splice region of rectangular RC column.

Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction creating the femoral tunnel through the anteromedial portal. Surgical technique

The anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is a common procedure that improves stability and function of the knee. The surgical technique continues to evolve and many issues are still under debate. These mainly include: (1) graft selection (patellar tendon, hamstring, quadriceps tendon, or allografts), (2) surgical technique (double versus single bundle), and (3) femoral tunnel drilling. Currently, the most controversial one is the femoral tunnel drilling (transtibial vs. anteromedial portal drilling). Common opinion is that drilling the femoral tunnel through the anteromedial (AM) allows a more anatomic placement of the graft and a better rotational stability; therefore, this technique is gaining in popularity compared with the transtibial drilling despite a greater difficulty and the risk of medial condyle damage, tunnel back wall blowout, and inadequate socket length. The aim of this article is to describe the surgical technique of the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (single and double bundle), drilling the femoral tunnel through the AM portal.

Raising the Osteocutaneous Fibular Flap for Oral Reconstruction With Reduced Tissue Alteration

Raising the osteocutaneous fibular flap offers excellent possibilities for oral reconstructive surgery but is associated with specific donor-site risks. Moreover, with inadequate surgical technique, flap-specific complications can occur, such as loss of the skin paddle or inadequate pedicle length. A flap-raising technique has been used to decrease surgical damage but provide maximal pedicle length. Sixty-six osteocutaneous fibular flaps were raised by the lateral approach with the following modifications: 1) flap-raising was carried out without a tourniquet, 2) only the amount of bone needed was removed, leaving the rest of the fibula intact, 3) only a minimal muscle cuff was included, and 4) the complete pedicle was dissected along the posterior intermuscular septum without opening the interosseous membrane and without touching the deep flexor muscles proximal to the osteotomized fibular segment. The skin paddle was placed distally in the leg, perfused by only 1 perforator in most cases. Medical records were analyzed and patients were examined postoperatively for up to 32 months to evaluate the above-mentioned complications. Of the 66 reconstructions, 44 were performed in a previously operated or irradiated neck. Three flaps and 1 skin paddle were lost. The most common donor-site complications were temporary wound-healing disturbances of the skin graft (n = 17) and transient pain or sensory alterations (n = 12). No compartment syndrome, ankle instability, or need for walking aids was recorded. A hammertoe deformity developed in 1 patient. On average, pedicle length was 9 cm and flap-raising took 130 minutes. In conclusion, maximal pedicle length and minimal bone and muscle resections can be achieved with a small number of donor-site complications. The skin paddle is highly reliable based on only 1 perforator. Perforators can be precisely controlled when raising the flap in the perfused leg.

Advances in endovascular repair for complex aneurysms

In tandem with a global movement towards minimally invasive techniques in all branches of surgery, endovascular techniques have become the treatment of choice for many aneurysmal conditions of the aorta. It is now nearly 20 years since the first reports of endovascular repair of aortic aneurysms1. The pace of technological evolution has been rapid. The initial stents were suitable only for treating infrarenal aortic aneurysms with long narrow necks, but sequential device evolution has led to the situation today where few aortic aneurysms cannot be treated by endovascular means. The first major advance in device construction was the evolution of suprarenal fixation systems. These consist of uncovered metal struts with fixation barbs that are positioned to lie above the renal artery origins. The benefit of these devices is that they provide enhanced fixation of the grafts and protect against device migration. These features allow aneurysms with shorter necks (15 mm upwards) to be treated. Some specialists have used devices with suprarenal fixation to treat aneurysms with necks as short as 5 mm, with acceptable short-term outcomes2. Despite suprarenal device fixation, many aneurysms remained unsuitable for endovascular repair because of inadequate neck length. In fact the percentage of patients with an abdominal aortic aneurysm and a proximal neck less than 15 mm has been reported as more than 50 per cent3. To address this problem, fenestrated devices emerged. These custom-designed devices are Fig. 1 Typical fenestrated endograft used in a type IV thoracoabdominal aneurysm repair with four fenestrations for the coeliac trunk, superior mesenteric artery and renal arteries. Balloon expandable covered stents are implanted in all four vessels through the fenestrations

Optimization of a Prestressed Concrete Railroad Crosstie for Heavy-Haul Applications

In response to rising energy costs, there is increased demand for efficient and sustainable transportation of people and goods. One source of such transportation is the railroad. To accommodate the increased demand, railroads are constructing new track and upgrading existing track. This update to the track system will increase its capacity and make it a more reliable means of transportation compared to other alternatives. In addition to increasing the track system capacity, railroads are considering an increase in the size of the typical freight rail car to allow larger tonnage. An increase in rail car loads will, in turn, require the design of track components to accommodate these loads. This design change is especially pertinent to crossties that support the rail and serve to transmit loads down to the substructure. Today, the use of concrete ties is on the rise in North America as they become an economical alternative, competitive with the historical wood ties used in industry, providing performance that surpasses its competition in terms of durability and capacity. Because of the increased loads heavy-haul railroads are considering applying to their tracks, current designs of prestressed concrete railroad ties for heavy-haul applications may be undersized. In an effort to maximize tie capacity while maintaining tie geometry, fastening systems, and installation equipment, a parametric study to optimize the existing designs was completed. The optimization focused on maximizing the capacity of an existing tie geometry through an investigation of prestressing quantity, configuration, stress levels, and other material properties. The results of the parametric optimization indicate that the capacity of an existing tie can be increased most efficiently by increasing the diameter of the prestressing and concrete strength. Findings of the study demonstrate that additional research is needed to evaluate the true capacity of concrete ties because of the impacts of deep beam effects and inadequate development length in the rail seat region.

The Etiology of Eruption Disorders—Further Evidence of a “Genetic Paradigm”

The clinical spectrum of tooth eruption disorders includes both syndromic and non-syndromic problems ranging from delayed eruption to a complete failure of eruption. A defect in the differential apposition/resorption mechanism in alveolar bone can cause conditions such as tooth ankylosis, primary failure of eruption, failure of eruption due to inadequate arch length and canine impaction. As our knowledge of the molecular events underlying normal tooth eruption has increased, so too has our understanding of clinical eruption disorders. The recent finding that one gene, parathyroid hormone receptor 1 (PTH1R), is causative for familial cases of primary failure of eruption (PFE) suggests that other disturbances in tooth eruption may have a genetic etiology. In this report, we evaluated the current terminology (ankylosis, PFE, secondary retention, etc.) used to describe non-syndromic eruption disorders, in light of this genetic discovery. We observed that some individuals previously diagnosed with ankylosis were subsequently found to have alterations in the PTH1R gene, indicating the initial misdiagnosis of ankylosis and the necessary re-classification of PFE. We further investigated the relationship of the PTH1R gene, using a network pathway analysis, to determine its connectivity to previously identified genes that are critical to normal tooth eruption. We found that PTH1R acts in a pathway with genes such as PTHrP that have been shown to be important in bone remodeling, hence eruption, in a rat model. Thus, recent advances in our understanding of normal and abnormal tooth eruption should allow us in the future to develop a clinical nomenclature system based more on the molecular genetic cause of the eruption failures versus the clinical appearance of the various eruption disorders.

Combined Laparoscopic and Microsurgical Techniques for Testicular Autotransplantation: Is this Still an Evolving Technique?

Testicular autotransplantation is an advanced technique for the correction of high intra-abdominal testicles with inadequate vascular length for repositioning in the scrotum. In the past, surgeons have often avoided this approach due to the extended operative time and the requirement for microsurgical equipment and training. Surprisingly, this procedure remains rare despite the fact that autotransplantation is sometimes the most viable option to relocate the testicle. Further, current advances in laparoscopic surgery allow for testicular harvesting with minimal morbidity and maximal vascular pedicle length. Here, the evolution and an approach combining these two techniques implemented successfully in five patients are presented.

Coronary-Coronary Bypass Using the Internal Thoracic Artery: A Sparing Procedure of the Arterial Conduit

The internal thoracic artery (ITA) is well known to be the best conduit for coronary artery bypass grafting. However, the bilateral use of ITAs remains limited because in situ right ITAs (RITAs) do not possess an adequate length to be directed to the posterolateral myocardium. We thus considered using free ITAs for conduits between the two segments of the same coronary artery. From March 1997 to May 1999, 17 patients underwent coronary-coronary bypass grafting (C-CBG) using free ITAs. Early operative results were analyzed. C-CBG was indicated when the right ITA had an inadequate length or when a distal part of the ITA was left unused. No patient died after C-CBG and none have experienced angina since C-CBG (mean follow-up period 27.3 +/- 19.8 months). Postoperative angiography was performed in all subjects at discharge. Only one coronary-coronary bypass graft was occluded, the other grafts were patent, and there were no stenotic changes. Bilateral ITAs were used in 75% of the patients undergoing CABG during the period of this study. C-CBG can expand the use of bilateral ITAs and can provide an alternative method for revascularization of the posterolateral myocardium.

Evaluation of the Integrated Database Network System (IDNS) SmartGene Software for Analysis of 16S rRNA Gene Sequences for Identification of Nocardia Species

16S rRNA gene sequences of 102 Nocardia isolates were analyzed using the Integrated Database Network System (IDNS) SmartGene centroid database. A total of 76% of the isolates were correctly identified. Discordant identifications were due to inadequate centroid length (3 species), inaccurate or insufficient entries in the public databases (5 species), and heterogeneous sequences among members of a species (1 species).

899 ROBOTIC LAPAROENDOSCOPIC SINGLE-SITE (R-LESS) SURGERY: SINGLE CENTER CUMULATIVE EXPERIENCE

You have accessJournal of UrologyTechnology & Instruments: Robotics/Laparoscopy/Ureteroscopy II1 Apr 2010899 ROBOTIC LAPAROENDOSCOPIC SINGLE-SITE (R-LESS) SURGERY: SINGLE CENTER CUMULATIVE EXPERIENCE Michael A. White, Georges-Pascal Haber, Riccardo Autorino, Rakesh Khanna, Sylvain Forest, Robert J. Stein, and Jihad H. Kaouk Michael A. WhiteMichael A. White More articles by this author , Georges-Pascal HaberGeorges-Pascal Haber More articles by this author , Riccardo AutorinoRiccardo Autorino More articles by this author , Rakesh KhannaRakesh Khanna More articles by this author , Sylvain ForestSylvain Forest More articles by this author , Robert J. SteinRobert J. Stein More articles by this author , and Jihad H. KaoukJihad H. Kaouk More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2010.02.1655AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES To further decrease the morbidity of standard laparoscopy, newer techniques such as LaparoEndoscopic Single-Site (LESS) surgery are currently being investigated. LESS surgery is technically challenging and requires both an experienced laparoscopic surgeon and assistant. To help overcome current limitations we have introduced the daVinci surgical system to LESS and report our cumulative experience with robotic laparoendoscopic single-site (R-LESS) surgery. METHODS A retrospective review of R-LESS surgery was performed. Salient demographic and operative data were obtained. End-points including age, Body Mass Index (BMI), operative time, estimated blood loss (EBL), complications, conversion, and length of stay (LOS) were examined. Single port access was achieved via a commercially available multi-channel port. The daVinci-S® surgical platform using pediatric instruments were used. RESULTS Between May 2008 and October 2009 a total of 18 R-LESS procedures were performed (upper tract, 7 and pelvic, 11). These procedures included: pyeloplasty, 2, radical nephrectomy, 2, partial nephrectomy, 3, nephro-ureterectomy, 2, sacrocolpopexy, 1, radical cystectomy, 1, and radical prostatectomy, 7. A nephro-ureterectomy had to be converted to pure laparoscopy due to inadequate length of robotic instruments. A rectal injury occurred in the radical cystectomy, was recognized intra-operatively, and closed primarily without sequelae. All margins were negative for the upper tract surgeries while 2/11 pelvic surgeries had focally positive margins. These occurred in the first two radical prostatectomies. CONCLUSIONS By introducing the da Vinci robotic system to LESS we hope to further diminish the impediments that limit this minimally invasive technique. Prospective studies are needed but preliminary results are encouraging. Cleveland, OH© 2010 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 183Issue 4SApril 2010Page: e351-e352 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2010 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Michael A. White More articles by this author Georges-Pascal Haber More articles by this author Riccardo Autorino More articles by this author Rakesh Khanna More articles by this author Sylvain Forest More articles by this author Robert J. Stein More articles by this author Jihad H. Kaouk More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Síndrome do intestino curto: uma nova alternativa de tratamento cirúrgico

INTRODUÇÃO: A síndrome do intestino curto resulta de comprimento total de intestino delgado inadequado para manter a nutrição, e assim, os pacientes tornam-se cronicamente dependentes de nutrição parenteral total. Numerosas estratégias cirúrgicas foram estudadas para restabelecer a função intestinal normal. OBJETIVO: Propor a utilização da inversão de segmento de alça associada à STEP - Serial Transverse Enteroplasty - para aumentar a área absortiva intestinal em pacientes com síndrome do intestino curto. MÉTODO: Os autores descrevem uma nova alternativa para o tratamento cirúrgico da síndrome do intestino curto, demonstrando sua facilidade e eficiência para o objetivo proposto. RESULTADOS: As duas técnicas associadas permitiram alongar a alça intestinal em 2,6 vezes do comprimento original, com posterior ganho de peso, redução do número de evacuações para uma exoneração ao dia e melhora da qualidade de vida social e psicológica. CONCLUSÃO: Essa técnica de inversão de segmento de alça intestinal e posterior STEP surge como tratamento eficiente e definitivo à síndrome do intestino curto de forma promissora e segura permitindo retorno à alimentação por via oral com satisfatória absorção de nutrientes e ganho de peso, retorno da motilidade efetiva intestinal, associada à baixa morbidade e melhoria da qualidade de vida social e psicológica. Apesar de requerer várias cargas de grampeadores lineares apresenta baixa morbidade e passa a tornar-se um potencial substituto para o transplante intestinal.

Treatment Outcome in Endodontics: The Toronto Study—Phases 3, 4, and 5: Apical Surgery

Introduction The long-term outcome of apical surgery performed on root-filled teeth presenting with post-treatment apical periodontitis has been the subject of debate; therefore, current evidence is required to support the prognosis of this important procedure. The objectives of this study were (1) to assess the long-term outcome of apical surgery and (2) to identify significant outcome predictors in Phases 3–5 of the Toronto Study, pooled with the previously reported Phases 1 and 2. Methods The 4- to 10-year outcome of apical surgery was prospectively assessed by a blinded, independent, calibrated examiner and dichotomized as “healed” (periapical index score ≤2 or scar; no signs or symptoms) or “diseased.” Teeth presenting without signs or symptoms were classified as “functional.” Multivariate analysis was performed to investigate outcome predictors, pooling Phases 3–5 (n = 40) with Phases 1 and 2 (n = 94) for improved power. Results Of 261 treated teeth in the pooled sample, 96 were lost to follow-up, and 31 were extracted. Of the remaining 134 teeth (85% recall, excluding 66 teeth that could not be recalled) examined for outcome, 99 teeth (74%) were healed, and 126 teeth (94%) were functional. Three significant ( P < .05) outcome predictors were identified: age (odds ratio [OR], 2.5; confidence interval [CI], 1.01–6.00; healed: >45 years, 84%, ≤45 years, 68%), preoperative root-filling length (OR, 3.4; CI, 1.34–8.76; healed: inadequate, 84%; adequate, 68%), and size of the surgical crypt (OR, 1.9; CI, 1.19–3.16; healed: ≤10 mm, 80%; > 10 mm, 53%). Conclusions In this 4- to 10-year cohort study, the outcome was better in subjects >45 years old, teeth with inadequate root-filling length, and crypt size of ≤10 mm.

Failure of Fracture Plate Fixation

Failure of fracture fixation after plating often leads to challenging surgical revision situations. Careful analysis of all patient and fracture variables is helpful in both determining the causes of the fixation failure and maximizing the success of subsequent interventions. Biologic and mechanical factors must be considered. Biologic considerations include traumatic soft-tissue injury and atrophic fracture site. Common mechanical reasons for failure include malreduction, inadequate plate length or strength, and excessive or insufficient construct stiffness. Reliance on laterally based implants in the presence of medial comminution may be a cause of fixation failure and subsequent deformity, particularly with conventional nonlocking implants. Management of dead space with cement or beads has been effective in conjunction with staged approaches. An antibiotic cement rod in the diaphysis may provide fracture stabilization. Locking full-length constructs should be considered for osteoporotic fractures.

상완골 간부 불유합에 대한 금속판 고정 및 자가골 이식술

Purpose: To evaluate the results of the compression plate fixation and autogenous bone graft in the management of humerus shaft nonunion. Materials and Methods: Eighteen cases were treated for humerus shaft nonunion using compression plate fixation and an autogenous iliac bone graft. The mean follow-up period was 28 months. Bony union was confirmed from the serial radiographs and the clinical outcomes were assessed according to ASES scoring system. Results: In 12 cases of initial plate fixation, the causes of nonunion were 6 cases of inadequate plate length, 2 with a broken plate, 2 with screw loosening, 1 infection and 1 noncompliance of a psychiatric patient. In 3 cases of initial intramedullary fixation, the cause of nonunion was a distraction of the fracture site. In 3 cases of external fixation, the cause of nonunion was inadequate fixation. All cases showed bony union after an average of 24 weeks. The clinical outcomes were 11 excellent, 6 good and 1 fair. Conclusion: In the treatment for nonunion, compression plate fixation with autogeneous bone graft after complete removal of the fibrous and necrotic tissue is believed to give satisfactory results.

Mortality, Health Outcomes, and Body Mass Index in the Overweight Range

Health hazards of obesity have been recognized for centuries, appearing, for example, in writings attributed to Hippocrates. From the later decades of the 20th century through the present, there have been numerous epidemiological studies of the relationship between excess weight and the total, or all-cause, mortality rate,1 a critical cumulative measure of the public health impact of any health condition. Using body mass index (BMI), an indicator of relative weight for height (weight [kg]/height [m]2) and a frequently used surrogate for assessment of excess body fat, these studies have found linear, U-shaped, or J-shaped relationships between total mortality and BMI. That is, in some studies, both the thin and the obese were more likely to die than those in between. There is, however, always a point at which increasing BMI is associated with increasing mortality risk, but the BMI at which this occurs varies across studies and populations.2 Currently,3 overweight in adults is defined as a BMI of 25.0 to <30.0 kg/m2 and obesity as a BMI of ≥30.0 kg/m2 (Table 1). A number of studies have found no significant relationship between BMI in the overweight range and mortality rate4 and have shown the nadir of mortality risk to be in the overweight range. In particular, commentaries in both the lay press5–7 and scientific literature2,8,9 subsequent to recent reports from National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES)10,11 have highlighted the confusion and controversy regarding this issue. Some have interpreted the recent data to mean that overweight is not detrimental to health and is not in itself a public health concern and that drawing attention to the need for weight loss in this range will have negative effects on the health and well-being of the general population.8 Others have argued …

Seismic Retrofit of Brittle and Low Strength RC Columns Using Fiber Reinforced Polymer and Cementitious Composites

The objective of this study is to investigate the seismic performance of reinforced concrete columns constructed with low quality of concrete and insufficient transverse reinforcement before and after retrofitting. Totally twenty nearly full size specimens with rectangular cross-section were tested under constant axial load and reversed cyclic lateral loads. Both longitudinal and transverse reinforcements were plain bars. Ten of the specimens had insufficient lap splice length of longitudinal reinforcement between stories as well. Both pre-damaged and undamaged columns with these deficiencies were retrofitted with FRP (fiber reinforced polymer) composite jackets or prefabricated HPFRCC (high performance fiber reinforced cementitious composite) panels. The test results showed that all reference specimens, which were not retrofitted, failed with a premature loss of performance either due to buckling of longitudinal reinforcement or loss of bond, while retrofitted ones exhibited a significantly superior performance, particularly in terms of ductility. It should be noted that the enhancement in performance was less remarkable for the specimens with inadequate lap splice lengths. An analytical work is also presented for prediction of the behavior of the specimens both for continuous and lap spliced longitudinal reinforcement cases.