Inactive Students Research Articles

Nutritional status and physical activity levels of adolescents in public and private schools

Highlights The prevalence of overweight and obesity was high in both educational institutions. The overall level of physical activity in the adolescents was low. Public school students were more physically inactive compared to private school students. Tenth and eleventh graders are more physically inactive than ninth graders. Introduction: Obesity and physical inactivity in adolescents are associated with some diseases, and poor academic performance. Studies have reported differences in the level of physical activity according to the type of school. Objective: To compare the prevalence of obesity and physical inactivity in adolescents in a public and a private school. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among adolescents attending a public school and a private school. Ninth, tenth, and eleventh-grade students between 14 and 17 years were included. Physical activity level was assessed using the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents, and nutritional status using body mass index for age. Results: Information was collected from 343 students, of whom 55.10% (n=189) were from a public school. The 28.28% were overweight. The overall level of physical activity in adolescents was low (mean= 1.97 95% CI 1.92 – 2.01). It was found that public school students were more inactive adjusted (PR= 1.40; 95% CI 1.03 - 1.92) compared to private school students. Discussion: Adolescents do not achieve optimal levels of frequency and duration of physical activity, highlighting the need for educational programs and attractive interventions to promote physical activity. Conclusion: Adolescent students have low levels of physical activity, with more inactive students in the public school compared to the private school. The prevalence of overweight was high in both schools. How to cite this article: Arias-Silva María V, Pedreros-Lemuz Valentina, Rodríguez-Perdomo Angie L, González-Lozano Raúl A, Ramos-Castaneda Jorge A. Nutritional status and physical activity levels of adolescent in public and private schools. Revista Cuidarte. 2024;15(3):e3942. https://doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.3942

Physical activity and sedentarism among university students: an approach using a real-life survey

Abstract Background Evidence shows physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) impact health-related outcomes. World Health Organization (WHO) provides PA guidelines for different life stages. A recent study revealed that engaging in SB > 6 hours/day increases all-cause mortality risk. Nevertheless many students spend a significant portion of their daily time on SB and PA levels are insufficient. Methods Students were selected by convenience sampling to complete a survey between October-November 2023. A validated PA questionnaire was included including PA Motivations and barriers. PA and SB were classified into 4 levels: Active but sedentary, extremely sedentary, physically active and discreetly active. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Results Out of 2,216 surveys 1,648 were women, 568 men and 59.7% were in first university years. In our sample, 12.9% don’t do PA. Of those doing PA, 47.1% (n = 1043) don’t meet PA recommendations. Regarding SB, 84.7% spend >6 hours/day in SB. When grouped into PA/SB categories 40.5% were extremely sedentary in contrast to 8.8% physically active. Non-university facilities (41.1%) were preferred over university facilities (11.1%). Use of non-university and university facilities correlated with WHO compliance. Main barriers among inactive students were lack of time (48%) and lack of a workout partner (18.6%). Conclusions Most students don’t meet WHO guidelines. Less than 10% are considered active, while 40.5% are extremely sedentary. University sports facilities are underused even if linked to better compliance. To promote facilities as health-promoting spaces and investigate reasons for their underuse is necessary. Lack of company as a reason for not engaging in PA points out the need to strength university sports communities. Key messages • Although many students exercise, the majority do no meet World Health Organization recommendations. • We must intensify university programs to promote physical activity and reduce sedentary behavior.

The association of telomere length with body mass index and immunological factors differs according to physical activity practice among children and adolescents

BackgroundThis study aims to verify the relationship between screen and sleep time, body mass index (BMI) and immunological factors with telomere length according to leisure-time physical activity (PA) in children and adolescents.MethodsA cross-sectional study involving a sample of 476 schoolchildren of both sexes, aged seven to 17 years, from a community in southern Brazil. Behavioral variables (PA, sleep time, and screen time) were self-reported using a questionnaire. PA was classified as inactive and any PA (doing some physical activity). The associations of screen time, sleep time, BMI, and immunologic factors with telomere length were tested using multiple linear regression models, with the sample divided according to the schoolchildren’s leisure-time physical activity practices.ResultsAn inverse association between BMI and telomere length (β: -0.239; 95% CI: -0.468; -0.010) and a direct association of leukocytes (β: 0.151; 95% CI: 0.029; 0.278) and neutrophils (β: 0.131; 95% CI: 0.008; 0.254) with telomeres were found in the inactive students. No association was found between screen time and sleep time and telomeres. No association was found among students who engaged in any PA.ConclusionThe associations between telomeres, BMI, and immunologic factors were found only in inactive students. These results suggest that the association between BMI and immunological factors and telomere length may be influenced by physical activity.

Dynamics of Mood Swings during Menstrual Cycles between Physically active and Inactive Adolescents: A Tripura-based Study

The menstrual cycle is an important biological process in women that is associated with a range of physical symptoms that can shape how women think, feel, and participate in daily life activities. This study employed a qualitative survey design to investigate the effect of physical activity and menstrual cycle on mood variability in adolescents. Purposively, 40 participants from Tripura University (n=20, physically active and n=20 Inactive) completed the Brunel mood scale questionnaire that explored menstrual cycle events: anger, tension, depression, fatigue, confusion, happiness and calmness. The participants’ response was further analysed descriptively through percentage analysis and differences between physically active and inactive students were assessed using the Mann Whitney-U test. The descriptive results depicted a mean rank of 16.20 and 24.80 of mood swing among Physically Active Students and Physically Inactive students respectively which shows a higher mood swing in inactive women. The significant difference was observed between physically active students and physically inactive students (two groups as U-value was 114.000 which was smaller than the critical value i.e., 127). Persons involved in physical activity have less chance of mood swing compared to sedentary people. In addition, the study concluded that regular moderate exercise helps reduce factors that enhance mood swing during the menstrual cycle.

The Effect of Organizational Activity on Grade Point Average (GPA) in Medical Faculty of Indonesian Muslim University

Competencies in medical education have been determined by the Indonesian Doctor Competency Standards (SKDI). One way that SKDI can be done is through academic learning processes (intracurricular) and student activities or organizational activities (extracurricular). However, many opinions state that extracurricular activities such as being active in organizations can have a negative impact on student achievement. This research aims to determine the relationship between organizational activity and the Grade Point Average of students at the Academic Stage of the Faculty of Medicine, Indonesian Muslim University class of 2020. This research design uses descriptive analytics with a cross-sectional approach. The sampling technique in this research used purposive sampling with 156 respondents. The data analysis used is the chi-square statistical test to determine the significance of the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable. To assess student organizational activity, a questionnaire is used as a tool which consists of 13 question indicators and then categorized as active and inactive students. Meanwhile, students' grade point averages will be categorized into satisfactory and unsatisfactory based on the set number limits. The research results showed that 149 samples (95.5%) were classified as active in participating in organizations and 144 samples (92.3%) had a GPA that was classified as satisfactory. Based on the research results, it was found that there was no significant relationship between organizational activity and the GPA of students at the academic stage of the class of 2020, Faculty of Medicine, Indonesian Muslim University, where the p-value = 0.503 (>0.05) with a weak correlation coefficient. Researchers recommend conducting further research on organizational activity variables, particularly on the effect between position or number of organizations joined and GPA, as well as the role of each organization in supporting the academics of its members.

Evaluating the impact of a UK recovery college on mental well-being: pre- and post-intervention study.

Recovery colleges provide personalised educational mental health support for people who self-refer. The research evidence supporting them is growing, with key components and the positive experiences of attendees reported. However, the quantitative outcome evidence and impact on economic outcomes is limited. To evaluate the impact of attending a UK recovery college for students who receive a full educational intervention. This is a pre- and post-intervention study, with predominantly quantitative methods. Participants recruited over an 18-month period (01.2020-07.2021) completed self-reported well-being (Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (SWEMWBS)) and recovery (Process of Recovery (QPR)) surveys, and provided details and evidence of employment and educational status. Descriptive statistics for baseline data and Shapiro-Wilk, Wilcoxon signed-rank and paired t-tests were used to compare pre- and post-intervention scores, with Hedges' g-statistic as a measure of effect size. Medical records were reviewed and a brief qualitative assessment of changes reported by students was conducted. Of 101 student research participants, 84 completed the intervention. Well-being (mean SWEMWBS scores 17.3 and 21.9; n = 80) and recovery (mean QPR scores 27.2 and 38.8; n = 75) improved significantly (P < 0.001; Hedges' g of 1.08 and 1.03). The number of economically inactive students reduced from 53 (69%) to 19 (24.4%). No research participants were referred for specialist mental health support while students. 'Within-self' and 'practical' changes were described by students following the intervention. Findings detail the largest self-reported pre-post data-set for students attending a recovery college, and the first data detailing outcomes of remote delivery of a recovery college.

Is physical activity associated with a higher degree of wisdom? Cross-sectional study with high school students

The aim of this study was to verify the association between the degree of wisdom and the level of leisure-time physical activity (PA) of students from a federal public school in southern Brazil. Observational cross-sectional study with 462 young people of both sexes between 15 and 18 years old. Data collection was performed using a self-administered questionnaire on the REDCap platform. The independent variable was the “level of leisure PA” (inactive, insufficiently active, and physically active) and the outcome was the “degree of wisdom” evaluated through a validated questionnaire (SD-WISE7). There was a linear trend towards an increase in the wisdom score according to the level of PA. This trend and significant association continued in the adjusted analysis, with active students averaging 1.84 points more in the wisdom score compared to inactive students. In conclusion, the wisest young people are also the most physically active young people. In view of the potential beneficial effects, current studies may consider wisdom as a possible mediator of PA with health outcomes.

Physical inactivity among university students in Pakistan

PurposePhysical activity is an eminent practice for the maintenance of physical and mental health. Physical fitness always enables students to perform their various tasks efficiently specifically in academic performance. Student health is a principal factor for the performance of all kinds of activities particularly in academic performance. This study aimed to evaluate physical activity among university students and the factors for being inactive.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire was designed and distributed among the students via WhatsApp, Skype and email, however, some responses were collected physically to maintain the quality of data. The questionnaire was categorized into demographic factors, current physical activity status and reasons for physical inactivity. Each section was further divided into questions and total 24 questions were asked from each individual for evaluation of inactiveness.FindingsThe finding of this research explored that enormous number of students are doing part time jobs and unable to find enough time for relaxation. The research was limited and evaluated limited factors and explored that 60.6% of students had less time for entertainment and this is only 2 h for this 60.6% of students. Among all factors of physical activity walking was preferable for 48.34% of the students. Students want to participate in healthy activities. Moreover, students are unable to perform physical exercise due to busy schedules of jobs (47.02%), part-time job burden (15.89%), study burden (35.10%) and poor health conditions (1.32%).Originality/valueThis study concluded that higher percentage of students have stress of limited resources and under this stress condition they are unable to take a balanced diet which they considered cost-effective. They did not perform maximum in their academic and daily activities and did not participate in sports activities. It was also observed that institutions did not provide a sufficient platform for physical activity for students. The research shows the factors which affect the student’s academic performance as being physically inactive. Evaluation of results explored that numerous students have limited resources during their career development and their attention remain diverted to overcome their limited resources which keep them physically unfit. The findings also explored that physically inactive students have heavy study and job burden which is not overcome and analyzed by their institutions.

Coping with stress among physically active and inactive students at different educational stages during the pandemic

Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore the preferred methods of stress coping among both physically active and inactive students. Methods: A total of 497 students from various educational stages, including primary schools (PS), level 1 vocational schools (VS1), secondary vocational schools (VS2) and comprehensive secondary schools (CSS), ages ranged from 14 to 17 years participated in the study. Data was collected through a standardized questionnaire (How do you cope?) (HDC) and an original survey questionnaire. Nonparametric statistics were applied in the analyses of the results. Results: Intergroup comparisons in the dispositional strategy coping with stress show that people exercising ≤15 minutes and (15;30] minutes focused on emotions (DFE) and seek social support (DSSS) more often compared to those exercising ≥60 minutes in one day (DFE: P&lt; .01, P&lt; .05; DSSS: P&lt; .01, P&lt; .05, respectively). Situational stress management (SSM) was more often used by students who exercised for (30;60) minutes a day compared to physically passive (PP) ones (P&lt; .05). PP students, compared to those exercising ≤15 minutes a day, more often focused on emotions (SFE) (P&lt; .05) and situational search for social support (SSSS) (P&lt; . 05). In the situational coping strategy, we observed positive moderate correlations (statistically significant for P&lt; .05) for PS students with SFE (R= .36) and for VS1 students with SSM (R= .37). VS2 and CSS students displayed adapted SSM in response to the situation (R= .26; R= . 35, respectively), SFE (R= .34; R= .32, respectively), and SSSS (R= .27; R= .26, respectively). Conclusions: To reduce stress, it appears essential to educate children and adolescents on coping strategies and to promote and enhance their capacity to incorporate regular physical activity into their daily routines.

Meningkatan Keaktifan Belajar Siswsa Melalui Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) Kelas IV FASE B Di SDN 16 Menawai Tekam

The purpose of this study is to improve student activeness and learning outcomes through the application of problem-based learning (PBL) learning models.The type of research used is PTK. The subject of research of students of grade IV. Data collection techniques use tests, observation data, activeness assessment rubrics. The data analysis techniques used are descriptive, quantitative and qualitative. The results of the study on learning activity in the precycle (64.87%) 10 inactive students in cycle I increased to (24.32%) 9 students were quite active and in cycle II increased to (83.78%) 14 students who were active. Meanwhile, precycle learning outcomes showed completeness of (41%) 10 students completed then increased in cycle 1 to (54%), 14 students completed and (81%) 14 students completed in cycle II. Thus, through the application of the problem-based learning (PBL) learning model, it can increase the activeness and learning outcomes of grade IV students of SDN 16 Menawai Tekam.

Comparison of Sleep Quality in Active and Inactive Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Iran

Background: Sleep quality is one of the factors affecting the health and performance of students. The current study aimed to compare sleep quality between active and inactive students during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 386 students (182 females; 144 males) studying in the Persian Gulf University voluntarily participated for 2 months in 2020. We used the Petersburg Sleep Questionnaire (electronically through university emails) to collect data. Results: Female students scored lower than male students in sleep duration (P = 0.002). Physically active students scored lower than physically inactive students in sleep quality (P = 0.003), sleep disturbances (P = 0.015), and daytime dysfunction (P = 0.005). Physically active female students obtained significantly lower scores in sleep quality (P = 0.002) and daytime dysfunction (P = 0.003) than physically inactive female students. Also, physically active male students obtained significantly lower scores than inactive male students on the subscales of sleep disturbances (P = 0.005) and the use of sleeping medication (P = 0.021). Conclusions: Physical activity can play an important role in improving the sleep quality of students, and it should be emphasized during the restrictions imposed by epidemics.

Applying Story Grammar Strategy Combined with Google Classroom as a Media in Teaching Reading at SMKN 3 Parepare

Reading comprehension is such very essential to life. The readers who understand how a text is structured find greater success in identifying important information and relationships between ideas in the text. Based on the preliminary test (preobservastion) at SMK Negeri 3 Parepare, the collected data showed that students were not satisfied with their learning, in this case, the subject of reading. They were inactive students in the classroom, especially because they became lazier in reading any kind of text because the teacher used the silent reading method. The hardest part is when they cannot get the whole point of the text, likewise when they have a task or assignment from their teacher to answer. Therefore, the researchers found that the students’ had difficulty understanding the context and getting the information in the text. Story Grammar Strategy is a good way to improve students’ reading comprehension combined with google classroom as a media. By using this method, the researcher’s objectives are to help the students recognize the elements of narrative text and use these elements to improve their comprehension of the story. The data of the research are Pre Experiment of Quantitative Research. The design of this research is one group pre-test and post-test design with 34 total samples. The instrument of the research was a reading test using reading text. The reading texts were taken from the Step by Step Book. The total number of the test was 10 numbers, with 5 test items for true-false test and 5 test items for the essay test. The findings of the research showed that the story grammar strategy combined with google classroom successfully improved the students’ reading comprehension. As a fact, based on the findings, most students have a very good score on the post-test., which was 90,88. While the mean score of the pre-test was 44,55. It means that the treatment was successful in improving the student’s reading comprehension, and the students gave positive responses in the learning process.

Comparison Analysis of C4.5 Algorithm and KNN Algorithm for Predicting Data of Non-Active Students at Prima Indonesia University

Education is important nowadays because universities need to improve their students' skills so they can compete in the globalization era. Education can be obtained through both formal and informal channels, and knowledge is available everywhere, especially in today's world where information tools are rapidly evolving. Inactive students are students who do not participate in a course for a maximum of two consecutive semesters. Students who are not active have the opportunity to drop out of university studies. Students who drop out of college are usually motivated by economic factors, and the cessation of the lecture process can cause inactivity and administrative costs. Therefore, this research was conducted using the C4.5 algorithm method and the K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithm to compare and predict data on inactive students at Universitas Prima Indonesia. The research continued with the data collection and data preprocessing stages, after which the data mining process was carried out to get the final results of this research. The testing process follows the process of comparing the C4.5 algorithm and the K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithm with K-fold crossing. This evaluation step is compared by considering the comparison values of the confusion matrix (precision, precision, recall). The accuracy results obtained by each algorithm provide information about the effectiveness of using these techniques in processing the specified dataset. The accuracy of the Decision Tree C4.5 algorithm is 99.12% and the K-Nearest Neighbors algorithm is 99.14%. Based on research conducted using the K-Nearest Neighbors and C4.5 algorithms to predict inactive students, the KNN algorithm is more accurate than the C4.5 algorithm.

The Effects of Mindfulness Exercises on the Psychological Health of Active and Inactive Girl Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Background: In the face of stressful situations, people can be helped with purposive exercises that enhance cognitive functions but don’t reduce social performances. The present study seeks to examine the effects of mindfulness exercises on the psychological health indices of active and inactive girl students during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study focuses on three major indicators of psychological health including attention, concentration, and stress.&#x0D; Methods: To this end, 80 girl students ranging from 15 to 18 years of age were selected from some schools in the city of Yazd, Iran. The selection was based on the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ). In the pre-test phase, the students filled out a questionnaire about concentration and a stress questionnaire (DASS-21). They were then randomly classified into experimental active, experimental inactive, active control, and inactive control groups. The test groups attended 45-minute mindfulness training sesseions once a week for four weeks, while the control groups did their life routines. At the end of the last training session, the students took a post-test, and the results were recorded. The data were analyzed through repeated measures multivariate ANOVA in the SPSS software version 26.&#x0D; Results: The mindfulness exercises could significantly affect the active and inactive students’ attention, concentration, and stress (p &lt; 0.05). Also, a comparison of the groups showed that the attendants in the test groups outperformed those in the control groups (p &lt; 0.05).&#x0D; Conclusion: Based on the findings, mindfulness trainings seem to be useful to improve girl students’ psychological health indices.

Investigation of the relationship between physical activity level and meaning in life of university students

Background and Study Aim. In this study, it was aimed to examine the relationship between physical activity level and meaning of life in university students and to reveal possible differences according to demographic characteristics. Material and Methods. A total of 376 students studying in different departments (Coaching, Physical Education Teaching, Physical Education and Sports Master's Degree, Occupational Health and Safety, Private Security and Protection, Software Engineering) voluntarily participated in the study. The data of the study were collected online using the "Personal Information Form", "International Physical Activity Questionnaire" and "Meaning in Life Questionnaire" prepared by the researcher and Google Forms. SPSS 26 package program was used for data analysis. Results. The findings obtained from the data analysis revealed a significant difference in the physical activity levels among the students based on variables such as gender, age, and the department of study. However, no significant difference was found according to other demographic variables (income status, BMI). A significant difference was also found between the sub-dimensions of the search for meaning according to gender, income status, the department they study at and BMI. Based on the correlation analysis between physical activity and the sub-dimensions of the meaning of life, specifically the search for meaning and the presence of meaning, a statistically significant but weak relationship was found between physical activity and the search for meaning. The significant difference between the groups in the meaning seeking sub-dimension was found to be due to inactive students. Conclusions. As a result, it can be concluded that students who engage in less physical activity show a lower inclination towards the search for meaning. In other words, an increase in physical activity can be interpreted as corresponding to an increase in the search for meaning. It can be suggested that both the school and the family should support young people in finding meaning in their lives and increasing their physical activity levels in gaining healthy behavioral habits.

Health behavior of Austrian tertiary students focusing on diet type linked to sports and exercise-first glimpse of results from the "sustainably healthy-from science 2 high school and university" study.

There is a strong association between lifestyle behavior and health status. While young adulthood is a critical period for adopting and stabilizing lifelong healthy behavior, university life is independently associated with psychological stressors that may further affect health and well-being. The present multidisciplinary study aimed to examine the health behavior of Austrian college and university students, differentiated based on diet types (vegan, vegetarian, and omnivorous) and physical activity (PA) habits. Following a cross-sectional study design, a total number of 6,148 students (65.3% females; 66.1% bachelor students, 67.0% from urban areas; mean age: 24.8 years) from 52 Austrian college/universities participated in an online survey and provided data on sociodemographic characteristics, dietary patterns, PA habits, and other lifestyle behavior characteristics, including alcohol intake and smoking. Across the total sample, 74.0% had a normal weight (BMI = 18.5-25.0 kg/m2), while the prevalence of overweight/obesity (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2) was lower in females than males and more in rural than urban students (p < 0.01). The general prevalence of vegetarian and vegan diets was 22.8 and 6.0%, respectively, with a predominance of females, graduates, and urban students compared to their peers (p < 0.01). The majority of students (79.3%) had a regular engagement in sport/exercise, with a predominance of vegetarian or vegan students compared to omnivores (p < 0.01). Vegans and vegetarians had a lower alcohol intake (p < 0.01) but no differences in smoking habits (p > 0.05) compared to omnivores. Students engaging in sport/exercise had a lower smoking rate and higher intake of fruits, vegetables, and fluids compared to inactive students (p < 0.01). The present findings suggest that diet type and PA habits of college/university students have an impact on other health behaviors, highlighting the interconnected nature of lifestyle habits and health behavior.

IMPACT OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF SCHOOL-GOING ADOLESCENTS: SPORT AND SCHOOL PERFORMANCE

According to various national and international reports, the Moroccan education system still suffers from recurrent dysfunctions reflected in low student achievement. Indeed, different factors influence the scores of students including the rate of physical inactivity. The objective of this study is to evaluate the relationship between physical activity, sedentary behaviours and school outcomes.689 students enrolled at Moroccan secondary schools, aged between 14 and 25, were randomly recruited from each grade. For each student, the overall average for the first semester was calculated and classified into three levels: high, medium and low.The school performance of girls is significantly higher (p&lt; 0.05) than that of boys while boys are significantly more active (p&lt;0.05) than girls. Physically active students have high er overall school mark averages than inactive students. Indeed, significant positive associations between the level of physical activity and school performance (r=0.176; p&lt;0.001) and with physical education and sports performance were noted. In conclusion, the practice of physical activity should be encour- aged among Moroccan students.It has beneficial effects on health in general and especially on the school performance of children and adolescents.

SPORTS AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AND OVERALL PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT: A LONGITUDINAL CASE STUDY / 運動與體育活動對於學業表現及全人發展的關聯：一個個案的長期研究

&lt;p&gt;Many researchers and scholars have done research and published theses, dissertations, scholarly papers and articles on the benefits and positive impacts of physical activities (exercise, sports, sports participations, and other related physical activities) on students’ academic performance as well as overall personal development. In fact, these PA (physical activities) can be considered as the backbones of the lives of students. However, most of these studies have been done mostly in a quantitative approach, synchronically, which makes it difficult to find out what changes these physical activities can bring to the lives of students in the long run. The present study is a qualitative, longitudinal and descriptive individual case study, which investigated the benefits and positive impacts of sports and physical activities on a single male student’s academic performance and his overall personal development during his 9 and half years of compulsory education in Taiwan region. For authenticity, reliability and validity, the research data were collected using a triangulation data collection approach - observation, documentation, and face-to-face interviews over a period of nine and half years of compulsory education in Taiwan. Results: First, there was a strong link between the case study subject’s involvement level and frequency in sports and physical activity and his academic performance. Second, higher intensity and higher frequency yielded better academic results. Third, a slight declining tendency was found in both physical activity and academic performance over the course of the study. Fourth, doing sports and physical activities regularly not only helped the case study subject to be active, energetic and healthy but also helped him to outperform academically those physically inactive students. Fifth, the case study subject improved physically and academically and became more disciplined, self-confident and responsible. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;許多研究人員和學者們曾經對於體育相關活動（包括訓練，運動，運動競技，及其它有關的體育活動）之於學生的學業成績與個人的全面發展所帶來的益處和積極影響分別進行了研究，並發表了報告，論文及專業論文。事實上，這些體育活動（PA, physical activities）就像是學生生活中的脊樑骨。然而，這些研究大多是截取特定時間的量化研究，難以發現體育活動(PA)對於學生生活所帶來的延續的(for a long run)變化。本研究採用的是質的、長時期的，以個案為研究對象的描述性研究。研究一名來自台灣地區男學生於9 年半的義務教育期間，他的運動競技與體育活動對其學業成績和個人的整體發展所產生的益處與積極影響。為了取得真實、可靠和有效性，本研究所蒐集到的資料則採用三角交叉法分析，對於個案接受九年半的義務教育期間進行觀察、檔案分析和面對面訪談。研究結果發現：第一，研究對象的運動競技及體育活動的涉入程度和頻率與其學業成績之間曾有強烈的關聯。第二，較強度的和高頻率的運動及體育活動能產生更好的學業成績。第三，在研究過程中，體育活動和學業成績兩者都有輕微下降的趨勢。第四，從事規律的運動競技和體育活動，不僅有助於個案保持活躍、精力充沛和健康，他的學業成績也超越那些不愛運動的學生。第五，個案在身體和學業上得到提升，同時也變得更加自律、自信和負責任。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt; Article visualizations:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src="/-counters-/soc/0023/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Physically Inactive Undergraduate Students Exhibit More Symptoms of Anxiety, Depression, and Poor Quality of Life than Physically Active Students

The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends at least 150 min of moderate or vigorous activity (MVPA) per week for health benefits. However, meeting WHO guidelines for physical activity has been shown to be a great challenge for general populations and it may be even more difficult for undergraduate students due to elevated academic demand, thus negatively affecting general health status. Thus, this study investigated whether undergraduate students meeting WHO guidelines for physical activity show greater scores for symptoms of anxiety, depression, and poor quality of life than their counterparts not meeting guideline recommendations. Additionally, symptoms of anxiety, depression, and poor quality of life among academic areas were compared. This is a cross-sectional study. The participants were recruited through messaging apps or institutional e-mail. The participants filled out an online consent form, questionnaires to assess demographic and academic characteristics, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, the Beck depression and anxiety inventory, and the short-form 36-item health survey questionnaire. The participants were classified as physically active (MVPA > 150 min/week) or inactive (MVPA < 150 min/week) according to WHO Guidelines. A total of 371 individuals were included in the analysis. Physically inactive students demonstrated higher scores of depression (17.96 vs. 14.62; 95% CI: -5.81 to -0.86; p = 0.0083) than physically active ones. SF-36 analyses revealed that physically inactive students had lower values in mental (45.68 vs. 52.77; 95% CI: 2.10 to 12.06; p = 0.0054) and physical (59.37 vs. 67.14; 95% CI: 3.24 to 12.30; p = 0.0015) domains compared with physically active ones. As for SF-36 subscales, physically inactive students showed lower scores in function capacity (70.45 vs. 79.70; 95% CI: 4.27 to 14.49; p = 0.0003), mental health (45.57 vs. 55.60; 95% CI: 5.28 to 14.76; p < 0.0001), social aspects (48.91 vs. 57.69; 95%CI: 3.47 to 14.08; p = 0.0012), vitality (42.19 vs. 50.61; 95% CI: 3.47 to 13.35; p = 0.0009), pain (61.85 vs. 68.00; 95% CI: 1.27 to 11.02; p = 0.0135), and general health status (53.82 vs. 63.81; 95% CI: 5.21 to 14.75; p < 0.0001) than their physically active peers. The findings suggest that undergraduate students who do not meet WHO guidelines for physical activity display higher scores of anxiety, depression, and poor quality of life in comparison with their counterparts meeting physical activity guidelines. Collectively, these data suggest the need for academic institutions and policy makers to monitor and promote in-campus interventions to encourage physical activity.

Evaluation of Health-related Quality of Life in Active and Inactive Adolescents in the COVID-19 Pandemic

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a problem that has breakout worldwide recently and has led to physical, psychological, and social issues, especially in adolescents. Objectives: The current study aimed to evaluate the health dimension of life quality in active and inactive adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A total of 350 students from the high schools of Shiraz (175 active + 175 inactive) participated in this study as volunteers. The Health-related Quality of Life Questionnaire was used to collect information. Furthermore, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and independent t-test were used for data analysis using SPSS 18 software (α = 0.05). Results: There were significant differences in the level of quality of life (P = 0.001), the overall psychological health (P = 0.002), and the overall physical health (P = 0.001) of active and inactive students. There was a significant difference between boy and girl students only on the mental health scale (P = 0.038). Conclusions: It seems that during the epidemic of COVID-19, active adolescent students have had a higher quality of life, which can refer to the importance of exercise and physical activity during the epidemics and an important issue in preventing the educational decline of adolescent students.