Invitro Evaluation Research Articles

Study of Antiparasitic and Cytotoxicity of the Aqueous, the 80% Methanol Extract and Its Fractions, and the Acute Toxicity of the Aqueous Extract of <i>Brucea sumatrana</i> (Simaroubaceae) Leaves Collected in Mai-Ndombe, Democratic Republic of Congo

Results from the in vitro evaluation of the antiparasitaire activity of the aqueous extract, the 80% methanol extract and its fractions from the leaves of Brucea sumatrana against Trypanosoma brucei brucei, T. cruzi, Leishmania infantum, the multidrug-resistant K1 and chloroquine-sensitive NF54 strains of Plasmodium falciparum indicated that all samples from the leaves extract presented interesting antiparasitaire activity at different extents. The 80% methanol extract, its chloroform acid, petroleum ether and 80% methanol soluble fractions and the aqueous extract exhibited strong activity against Trypanosoma b. brucei, T. cruzi, L. infantum and the multidrug-resistant K1 strain of P. falciparum with IC50 values from P. falciparum with IC50 values ranging from 50) 50 was estimated to be greater than 5 g/kg. In addition, it did not significantly modify the concentration levels of some evaluated biochemical and hematological parameters in treated rats. These results constitute a scientific validation supporting and justifying the traditional use of the leaves of B. sumatrana for the treatment of malaria, sleeping sickness and at some extent Chagas disease.

Chemical Composition and in-Vitro Evaluation of the Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Essential Oils Extracted from Seven Eucalyptus Species.

Eucalyptus is well reputed for its use as medicinal plant around the globe. The present study was planned to evaluate chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the essential oils (EOs) extracted from seven Eucalyptus species frequently found in South East Asia (Pakistan). EOs from Eucalyptus citriodora, Eucalyptus melanophloia, Eucalyptus crebra, Eucalyptus tereticornis, Eucalyptus globulus, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Eucalyptus microtheca were extracted from leaves through hydrodistillation. The chemical composition of the EOs was determined through GC-MS-FID analysis. The study revealed presence of 31 compounds in E. citriodora and E. melanophloia, 27 compounds in E. crebra, 24 compounds in E. tereticornis, 10 compounds in E. globulus, 13 compounds in E. camaldulensis and 12 compounds in E. microtheca. 1,8-Cineole (56.5%), α-pinene (31.4%), citrinyl acetate (13.3%), eugenol (11.8%) and terpenene-4-ol (10.2%) were the highest principal components in these EOs. E. citriodora exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity against the five microbial species tested (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus solani). Gram positive bacteria were found more sensitive than Gram negative bacteria to all EOs. The diphenyl-1-picrylhydazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and percentage inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation were highest in E. citriodora (82.1% and 83.8%, respectively) followed by E. camaldulensis (81.9% and 83.3%, respectively). The great variation in chemical composition of EOs from Eucalyptus, highlight its potential for medicinal and nutraceutical applications.

In-Vitro Evaluation of Ethanolic Extracts of Zingiber Officinale, Sygzium Aromaticum and their 1:1 Extracts Blend on Protein Denaturation during Acute Inflammation

In-Vitro Evaluation of Ethanolic Extracts of Zingiber Officinale, Sygzium Aromaticum and their 1:1 Extracts Blend on Protein Denaturation during Acute Inflammation

Formulation and In-Vitro Evaluation of Liposomal Drug Delivery System of Cabazitaxel

Formulation and In-Vitro Evaluation of Liposomal Drug Delivery System of Cabazitaxel Cabazitaxel is a semi-synthetic derivative of a natural taxoid and is used for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. In the present study Cabazitaxel liposomes were prepared by thin film hydration technique using lecithin, cholesterol, and Tween 80. Six formulations of liposomes were evaluated for physico chemical properties and in vitro drug release. The compatibility of drug with other ingredients was checked by FTIR studies. The prepared liposomes were characterized for surface morphology by SEM analysis, Percentage drug entrapment efficiency, Particle size, and Zeta potential analysis. The in-vitro drug release for optimized formulation F2 followed zero-order release kinetics. F2 was formulated using 270 mg lecithin and 30 mg cholesterol and 0.5 ml of Tween 80 with an objective to achieve a linear release profile for 24 hr. There was no initial burst release, with 5.68% of drug released during the first hour and release was extended up to 24 hrs. Study of drug release kinetics was performed by application of in-vitro drug release data to various kinetic equations like zero-order; first order, Higuchi and Korsmeyer-Peppas and from ‘n’ value (1.515) it was concluded that the drug release followed zero order kinetics with super case-II transport which indicates both erosion and diffusion as the release mechanisms. Stability studies at different temperatures were conducted and maximum drug retention was found at refrigerated temperature 4oC.

Formulation and In-Vitro Evaluation of Piroxicam Loaded BSA Nanospheres by Desolvation

Protein nanoparticles offer improved delivery of drugs particularly targeted delivery to specific cells by ligand attachment, sustained and triggered release. Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), Piroxicam (PRX) is one of the most widely used drug for treating pain and inflammation. But despite its potent analgesic action it has few draw backs like low absorption rate due to poor water solubility and side effects due to non specific inhibition of Cyclooxygenase enzymes. In this context here, we report a new PRX self-assembled nano sphere delivery system developed from bovine serum albumin (BSA) using a very simple, rapid and reliable method, desolvation. Synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by particle size distribution, zeta potential, polydispersity index, FTIR, scanning electron microscopy and in-vitro release studies. The formulated BSA-PRX nano particles exhibited a uniform spherical shape with an average size of 388.7nm. In vitro release behavior of the drug from BSA conjugate suggests that about 50% of the drug was released during first 3h and 85% after 18h.

In-Vitro Evaluation of Cervical Micro Leakage of the Class II Bulk Fill Restorations

The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of the bulk fill flow composite and restorative technique on cervical microlekage of class II bulk fill restorations.Standardized class II cavities (2x3x3mm)were prepared and divided into 8 groups (n=5) and restored. Following the restorative procedures, aging in distilled water for 5 weeks and immersed in basic fuchsine for 24h. The infiltration level of the dye within the tooth/filling at cervical area was analyzed by using a stereomicroscope. Data were statistically evaluated (p≤0.05).% Microlekage of the groups from higher to less is Quixfil, SDR, Grandio flow, Grandio, X+tra fil, X+tra base. Quixfil showed significantly higher leakage than Grandio and X-tra fil (p=0,011). X-tra base showed significantly less leakage than Grandio flow and SDR(P=0,008).It is possible to conclude that using bulk fill flow as an intermediary base provided lower microleakage, indicating better sealing of the tooth-restoration below CEJ.

Effect of Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation On Amalgam, Composite and Zirconomer Based Restorations.

Dear Editor, With great interest we read the article by Patel et al., entitled “An invitro Evaluation of Microleakage of Posterior Teeth Restored with Amalgam, Composite and Zirconomer–A Stereomicroscopic Study” [1] that is published in the July issue of the Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research (Vol-9(7): ZC65-ZC67, 2015). In this article, the authors performed an in vitro stereomicroscopic study to evaluate the microleakage of posterior teeth restored with amalgam, composite and zirconomer. In their study, cavities prepared on the occlusal surface, were restored with amalgam, composite and zirconomer. These researchers reported that based on their findings, zirconomer revealed the highest level of microleakage compared to composite and amalgam. The microleakage of composite was moderate and amalgam showed the minimum level of microleakage. This paper seems to have a serious shortcoming. Substantial evidence shows that in the studies on microleakage of amalgam, the challenging issue of exposure to different sources of electromagnetic fields (e.g. Wi-Fi, mobile phones and mobile base stations, or even electrical household appliances such as hair dryers, electric shavers and vacuum cleaners) and their effects on enhanced microleakage should be taken into account. Over the past several years, our lab at the Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC) has performed extensive experiments on the health effects of exposure of animal models and humans to different sources of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) such as cellular phones [2–9], mobile base stations [10], mobile phone jammers [11], laptop computers [12], radars [3], dentistry cavitrons [13] and MRI [14,15]. Our first report on the role of exposure to MRI or microwave radiation emitted by mobile phones in enhancing the release of mercury from dental amalgam restoration was published in 2008 [8]. Due to some limitations in this early study, we have recently investigated the effect of exposure to relatively stronger magnetic fields (0.25 T in our previous report versus 1.5 T in our recent study). Interestingly, this study confirmed our previous findings that the release of mercury from amalgam fillings can be enhanced by exposure to EMFs [16]. We have also shown that some of the papers which reported no increased release of mercury after MRI, may have some methodological flaws [17]. On the other hand, microleakage studies also provide further evidence that supports the biologically detrimental effect of MRI on increasing the microleakage of dental amalgam fillings [18,19]. As there is no reports indicating that exposure of other filling materials such as composites to EMFs enhances the microleakage, we believe that the significant role of rapidly increasing exposure to EMFs in increasing amalgam microleakage is not addressed in the study of Patel et al., In this light, to obtain more reliable results, the comparison of microleakage of amalgam and non-amalgam filling materials should be performed in both presence and absence of EMFs. We hope that these comments will provide evidence for broader understanding of the challenging issue of enhanced dental amalgam microleakage due to exposure to EMFs.

In-Vitro Evaluation of Ibuprofen-Loaded Microspheres Prepared from Novel Chitosan/Poly(vinyl alcohol) Interpenetrating Polymer Network

Interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) blend microspheres of chitosan (CS) with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were prepared by a water-in-oil (W/O) emulsification method. These microspheres were cross-linked with glutaraldehyde (GA) as a cross-linking agent and loaded with ibuprofen (IBU), an anti-inflammatory drug. The prepared microspheres were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The effects of the preparation conditions on the release of IBU were investigated for gastrointestinal tract pH values of 1.2, 6.8, and 7.4 at 37°C. IBU release from the microspheres decreased with increasing IBU/polymer ratio and extent of cross-linking and increased with increasing in CS/PVA ratio.

In-Vitro Evaluation of some Nutritive and Antioxidant Constituents of Oryctes Rhinoceros Larva

In-Vitro Evaluation of some Nutritive and Antioxidant Constituents of Oryctes Rhinoceros Larva

Molecular modeling studies of few novel 3,4-heteroannelated quinolin-2-ones with DNA Gyrase and invitro evaluation of their antibacterial activity

BackgroundDNA topoisomerases play important role in basic cellular biology. They have been identified as the molecular targets of a variety of pharmaceutical agents. DNA Gyrase, which is a type II topoisomerase, helps in the replication of double-stranded DNA. The drugs that target the DNA Gyrase are antibacterial drugs which interfere with the DNA rewind after replication, which consequently stops DNA and protein synthesis thus killing bacteria. Methods3,4-Heteroannelated quinolin-2-ones are docked with the DNA Gyrase of Staphylococcus aureus, using Genetic Optimization for Ligand Docking software. The docked poses of each ligand are analyzed and fitness Scores are calculated with Silver. Screening of antibacterial activity of title compounds is done by adopting disc diffusion method. Results & discussionThe binding interactions of a series of novel 3,4-disubstituted quinolin-2-ones, oxothieno quinolines, quino benzoxazepinones, quinobenzothiazepinones, triazolo thiadiazepino quinolinones, and quinobenzothiazinones with DNA Gyrase are determined and potential compounds are screened for antibacterial activity against Gram −ve and Gram +ve bacteria. ConclusionThe results demonstrate that 1-ethyl-4-chloro-3-cyanoquinolin-2-one, 1-methyl-4-chloro-3-cyanoquinolin-2-one, and 3-amino-4,5-dihydro-5-ethyl-4-oxothieno[3, 2-c]quinolin-2-carboxylicacid revealed good fitness score with DNA Gyrase and exhibited promising antibacterial activity against S. aureus.

FORMULATION AND INVITRO EVALUATION OF OMEPRAZOLE LIPID MICROSPHERES

The current work formulation and invitro evaluation of Omeprazole lipid microspheres for the treatment of zolinger ‐ Ellison syndrome and H.pylori infection was carried out with objective of long‐term treatment for the syndrome. Lipid microspheres have great potential, time tested, safe, and stable at room temperature, easily mass produced yet cheaper. Omeprazole is a benzimidazole derivative, which decreases the gastric secretion, regardless of the primary stimulus with half‐life 1.4 hours in young and 2.9 hours with elderly patient. The treatment period from 6 months to 4 years depending on the condition. The lipid microspheres were prepared by coacervation and phase separation technique. The prepared formulation evaluated for various parameters like particle size, SEM, Drug release study, drug content uniformity, stability studies. The release study shows the formulation follows initially first order and later follows zero order kinetics. The stability studies limits with ICH guidelines. In the present work an attempt was made to study the release pattern of drug Omeprazole from various concentrations of lipid microspheres. The formulation coded D5 shows the maximum release retardant behavior, because of high proportion of lipid incorporation.

An In-Vitro Evaluation of Tea and Turmeric Solution on the Color Stability of Nanocomposite and Microhybrid Composites

An In-Vitro Evaluation of Tea and Turmeric Solution on the Color Stability of Nanocomposite and Microhybrid Composites

In-Vitro Evaluation of a Drainage Catheter with Integrated Bioimpedance Electrodes to Determine Ventricular Size

Patients suffering from Hydrocephalus show an increased accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid, which needs to be drained into another body compartment by an im- planted shunt. To prevent from over-drainage, which some- times still occurs despite improvements in shunt technology, a possible future shunt could contain sensors and supervise the ventricular size electrically. This work approaches this and presents the in vitro study of a drainage catheter with integrated bioimpedance evaluation capabilities.

Formulation and In-Vitro Evaluation of Gastroretentive Drug Delivery System Containing Ofloxacin

Sustained release gastroretentive dosage forms enable prolonged and continuous input of the drug to the upper parts of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and improve the bioavailability of medications that are characterized by a narrow absorption window. A new strategy is proposed for the development of gastroretentive dosage forms for ofloxacin preferably once daily. The design of the delivery system was based on the sustained release formulation, with floating and swelling features in order to prolong the gastric retention time of the drug delivery systems. Different polymers, such as psyllium husk, HPMC K100M, crospovidone and its combinations were tried in order to get the desired sustained release profile over a period of 24 h. various formulations were evaluated for buoyancy lag time, duration of buoyancy, dimensional stability, drug content and in vitro drug release profile. It was found that dimensional stability of the formulation increases with the increasing psyllium husk concentration. It was also found that in vitro drug release rate increased with increasing amount of crospovidone due to the increased water uptake, and hence increased driving force for drug release. The optimized formulation was subjected to stability studies at different temperature and humidity conditions as per ICH guidelines.

An In-Vitro Evaluation of the Flexural Strength of Heat-Polymerized Poly (Methyl Methacrylate) Denture Resin Reinforced with Fibers

Fracture strength of denture base resins is of great concern and many approaches have been made to improve the fracture resistance of acrylic resin dentures by strengthening them. Purpose of the study was to assess the effect of a Novel pre-impregnated glass fiber reinforcement system and nylon fiber reinforcement on the flexural strength of conventional heat-polymerized poly(methylmethacrylate) [PMMA] denture resin under dry and wet storage conditions. Forty specimens of standard dimensions were prepared for each of the four experimental groups; unreinforced conventional acrylic resin and the same reinforced with unidirectional Stick (S) glass fibers, woven Stick Net (SN) glass fibers and nylon fibers. Each group was further subdivided into two groups of 20 specimens each on the basis of storage conditions (dry and wet). All 160 specimens were then subjected to a 3-point bending test and flexural strength was calculated. Statistical analysis was carried out using student t test and 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Stick and Stick Net glass fiber reinforcements enhanced the flexural strength of conventional heat-cured PMMA denture resin. Specimens reinforced with Stick glass fibers exhibited highest flexural strength followed by those reinforced with Stick Net glass fibers. Nylon fiber reinforcement decreased the flexural strength of acrylic resin. All the specimens in the four groups stored under wet conditions showed decrease in flexural strength in comparison to those stored in dry conditions. The reinforcement of denture base resin with pre-impregnated glass fibers may be a useful means of strengthening denture bases. Use of nylon as a reinforcement fiber is not desirable as it decreased the flexural strength of acrylic resin.

An invitro evaluation of commonly used antacids with special reference to aluminium hydroxide gel and dried aluminium hydroxide gel.

Journal Article AN IN VITRO EVALUATION OF COMMONLY USED ANTACIDS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ALUMINIUM HYDROXIDE GEL AND DRIED ALUMINIUM HYDROXIDE GEL Get access J Armstrong, J Armstrong Pharmaceutical Development Laboratory, Boots Pure Drug Co. Ltd Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Mary Martin Mary Martin Pharmaceutical Development Laboratory, Boots Pure Drug Co. Ltd Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Volume 5, Issue 1, August-September 1953, Pages 672–685, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1953.tb14033.x Published: 12 April 2011 Article history Received: 13 July 1953 Published: 12 April 2011

In-Vitro Evaluation of Spontaneous Liposome Formation Following Aerosolised Administration of Phospholipid

In-Vitro Evaluation of Spontaneous Liposome Formation Following Aerosolised Administration of Phospholipid

An In-Vitro Evaluation of Frictional Forces between Conventional and Ceramic and Metal-Insert Ceramic Orthodontic Brackets

An In-Vitro Evaluation of Frictional Forces between Conventional and Ceramic and Metal-Insert Ceramic Orthodontic Brackets

Antiplasmodial, Antitrypanosomal, and Cytotoxic Activities of Prenylated Flavonoids Isolated from the Stem Bark ofArtocarpus styracifolius

In continuation of our efforts to find new antimalarial drugs, a systematic IN VITRO evaluation using a chloroquine resistant strain of PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM (FcB1) was undertaken on extracts prepared from various parts of Vietnamese plants. The ethyl acetate extract obtained from the stem bark of ARTOCARPUS STYRACIFOLIUS (Moraceae) exhibited strong antiplasmodial activity (87 % at 10 µg/mL) whereas weak cytotoxicity was observed in a human fibroblast cell line (MRC-5). Phytochemical investigation of this extract led to isolation of two new prenylated flavonoids, styracifolins A and B ( 1 and 2), as well as the known artoheterophyllin A ( 3) and B ( 4), artonins A ( 5), B ( 6), and F ( 7), and heterophyllin ( 8). Structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated by spectroscopic methods and through comparison with data reported in the literature. Compounds 1- 8 exhibited antiplasmodial activities with IC (50) values ranging from 1.1 µM to 13.7 µM, and compounds 1, 2, 6, and 8 showed significant antitrypanosomal activities.

Formulation and In-Vitro Evaluation of Ocular Ciprofloxacin-Containing Minitablets Prepared with Different Combinations of Carbopol 974P and Various Cellulose Derivatives.

The aim of this study was preparation and evaluation of ciprofloxacin-containing minitablets for ocular use, in an attempt to obtain prolonged and controlled drug release to the anterior eye segment. Following initial studies on ciprofloxacin powder, it was formulated into ocular minitablets. For this purpose, ciprofloxacin along with various amounts of different sustained release cellulose derivatives (HPMC, Na CMC, HEC and EC), Carbopol 974P, solubilizer and lubricant were directly compressed into minitablets, using concave 3 mm diameter punches. All the prepared formulations were evaluated in terms of physicochemical tests, including uniformity of weight, friability, crushing strength, water uptake and in-vitro drug release studies. It was found that the type and amount of cellulose derivatives used, can influence the rate of drug release. The finally selected formulation (B3) contained ethyl cellulose, Carbopol 974P, mannitol, sodium stearyl fumarate and ciprofloxacin, which showed more than 80% drug release over a period of 5h, and complied well in all the physicochemical tests conducted. Based on kinetic studies, formulation B3 was found to best fit the zero order equation. However, the Higuchi and Hixson-Crowell models also showed a good fit. Hence, overall formulation B3 was chosen as the best formulation.