In-depth Interview Schedule Research Articles

Exploring Indigenous Ways of Childbirth Management and its Perinatal Outcomes During Cyclonic Periods in Hilly Tribal Homebirth Settings: A Qualitative Observational Study

Objective This study explores the cultural-based management of childbirth vulnerabilities in the hilly regions during cyclone periods, where the land mass has been frequently exposed to floods during and aftermath of cyclones due to low-high cyclonic depressions in the Bay of Bengal coast. Methods The present study was a community-based qualitative observational study conducted for three weeks immediately after the two cyclonic periods occurred between October and December 2022. With the purposive sampling method, 21 postpartum mothers were selected on the inclusion criteria, of having had childbirth around the cyclonic period of ‘Sitrang’ (late October 2022) and ‘Mandous’ (early December 2022). Semi-structured in-depth interview schedules were employed to document socio-demographic profiles and probed for their cultural ways of managing childbirth complications and neonatal exposures to infections during the cyclonic period. Results Views of 21 mothers were coded into three themes with two sub-themes each according to repeated frequencies of information. The themes were (a) Striving for Safe Childbirths; (b) Surviving with Traditional Capacities; (c) Strength and Sustenance. The results indicated that home deliveries were considered safest over institutional deliveries except in the cases of complicated childbirths confirmed difficult by the traditional birth attendants (TBA). Rough climatic conditions compounded by geographical distance, lack of appropriate financial help and timely transportation facilities were the major prevailing factors influencing their childbirth practices during the cyclonic periods. Conclusion Disasters do not alone influence childbirth outcomes, but the evidence is still mixed. The expediency of birth technology has effectively managed childbirth vulnerabilities. Ensured sleep, rest and enough food had also been disturbed during and aftermath cyclones. The results showed an urgent need for focused planning on tribal areas for gestation, birthing and postpartum people during natural disasters.

Experiences of the Parents of Children Admitted to PICU.

A pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) is a highly technological and fast-paced setting in a hospital. To explore the experiences of the parents in the critical care area of a selected tertiary care facility. In a qualitative study, we interviewed 10 purposively selected parents of the children admitted to PICU using a pre-validated in-depth interview schedule. All parents, whose children were admitted to PICU for more than 5 days, who understood Hindi or English and were willing to participate in the study, were enrolled in the study. Parents of critically ill children having readmission to PICU or prolonged stay of more than 15 days and not accompanied by parents were excluded. Parents had unmet needs, such as the need for information, counseling and education from the healthcare team (HCT) members, having trusting relationship with the HCT, and expecting receiving orientation of the routines and the protocols of PICU, and empathy from the various levels of PICU team. The majority of subjects expressed the desire to talk to a dedicated person for their queries. The parents had multiple feelings of distress, hopelessness, helplessness, guilt, and the fear of losing the child and used various coping strategies. Parents of critically ill children in the PICU have unmet needs. Healthcare team members should take initiative in relieving parental distress and improving their coping abilities. Kichu S, Joshi P, Bhandari S, Lodha R, Jaykrishnan K. Experiences of the Parents of Children Admitted to PICU. Indian J Crit Care Med 2024;28(7):696-701.

An evidence-based tuberculosis patient’s nutrition assessment tool and intervention guidelines for DOTS providers: a modified Delphi study

Background: An individual's nutritional state is an indicator of their overall health. Poor nutrition, under nutrition, vitamin deficiency and protein energy malnutrition a form of nutritional problems. In low and middle-income countries, the linkage between infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and under nutrition is critical to public health. Thus, the current study aims to explore the DOTS Providers' concerns and develop evidence-based tuberculosis patient’s nutrition assessment tool and intervention guidelines for DOTS providers, which can be quick and easy to assess. Methods: A modified Delphi process was used to develop the nutrition assessment tool and intervention guidelines through mixed-method approach. Three rounds of the Delphi process were carried out via email, with a letter requesting to participate in the Delphi process. Result: An in-depth interview schedule was conducted to extract themes and subthemes generating an item pool in the initial phase. The main themes identified were Perception of disease, TB cure, Association of under nutrition and TB management, Problems or difficulties encountered, Counsel, Assessment and intervention. Quantitative data analysis was performed manually by calculating the content validity index (CVI). The CVI was found to be >80% for all the items with I-CVI≥0.8 and S-CVI≥0.9. All the items were considered very essential with a score of 1. Conclusions: The assessment tool should be subjected to other levels of evaluation that measures the suitability of the tool and interventional guidelines for the intended field.

Ocio-Economic Factors That Influence Child Labour in Nigeria

This study examined the socio-economic factors influencing child labour in Nigeria. The instruments for data collection were the questionnaire and the in-depth interview schedules. The sample size used for the study was 621 (615 for the quantitative distribution and 6 for the IDIs). The quantitative data gathered were analysed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences using percentages (%) and Chi-square (χ2) statistics was used to test the three hypotheses, while the qualitative data gathered was analysed in themes as complement to the quantitative data. The study found that religious sex (χ2 = (615), .081; df = 1, pے =.776), education (χ2 = (N615), 2.024; df = 1, pے =.155) and marital status (χ2 = (N=615), .055; df = 1, pے =.815) had no statistically significant relationship with the effect of child labour practice while only age (χ2= (N=615), 14.577; df=1, pے =.000) had a statistical significant relationship. Furthermore, sex (χ2 = (N=615), .678; df = 1, pے =.410), marital status (χ2 = (N= 615), .012; df = 1, pے =.911), religious affiliation (χ2 = (N=615), .003; df = 1, pے =.957), education (χ2 = (N= 615), .310; df = 1, pے =.578) and occupation (χ2 = (N=615), .849; df = 1, pے =.357) showed no statistically significant relationship with the influence of child labour practices. Three hypotheses were tested and they were all accepted. Results from the regression analysis showed that only marital status had the most positive influence on child labour pratices. Results from the study has shown that child labour practices have negative effect on the child, thus, there is the need to eradicate all forms of child labour through championing sensitization and enlightenment programmes. Also, people who still choose to engage children in child labour after these sensitization and enlightenment programmes should be severely punished by the law to deter others from engaging in such acts. Finally, the study revealed that, government, youth corps members, community leaders and the general public have a role to play in putting an end to the socio-economic factors influencing child labour practices in Nigeria.

Socio-cultural practices and stress among working mothers of underage children in the Public Universities of Nigeria

The study examined the sociocultural factors that bring about stress to working mothers of underage children at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka by recruiting 504 academic and non-academic staff. To assess the study variables in a cross-sectional survey, a questionnaire, and an in-depth interview schedule were employed in collecting data from working mothers of underage children in the University of Nigeria, Nsukka. The Chi-square (?2) statistical analysis indicated that there is a significant relationship between the husband’s attitude towards domestic duties and the stressful experience of working mothers with underage children. The data also demonstrated that there is no statistically significant relationship between the husband’s educational status and the stressful experience of working mothers with underage children. The study concluded that the husband’s attitude is a significant predictor of working mothers of underage children’s stress experience. It was, therefore, recommended that policies should be enacted by the Nigerian government and enforced in public sectors to enhance ‘favorable’ working conditions for working mothers of underage children. This should include an extension of maternity leave to at least six months, less demanding/accommodative job times, and assigned duties in tunes that do not compromise the ethos of a given profession.

SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS OF YOUNG PERSONS' INVOLVEMENT IN THE SMUGGLING OF GOODS IN THE BADAGRY LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF LAGOS, NIGERIA

The smuggling of goods is a global issue with preponderance in most border communities worldwide. This paper is a qualitative examination of the socioeconomic factors of young persons' involvement in smuggling goods in the Badagry Local Government Area. The study used the Anomie Theory. Badagry is an ancient town that is also a border location between Nigeria and the Republic of Benin. Young persons between the ages of 15 and 35 years who are currently involved in the smuggling of goods and those who had in the past were purposively selected. Older people who engaged in smuggling at younger ages were also selected. Data were collected through the use of an In-depth Interview Schedule. They were analysed using content analysis and ethnographic summaries. The study found that the peculiar features of young persons involved in smuggling included keeping gangs and using voodoos, among others. That pseudonyms are created based on physique (Ijaya), position in the gang or Charisma (Apase), and others. The factors included unemployment, economic vulnerability, peer influence, family background, proximity to the border, and others. Finding also revealed that they tend to be involved in other crimes like substance consumption, burglary, and others. It is pertinent to state that smuggling is becoming more challenging, especially in the Internet age. As such, the government is responsible for providing employment and empowerment, the family practising stricter socialisation, especially at the border towns, and the security operatives become more vigilant.

Determinants of Health Seeking Culture among Women of Childbearing Age

This study examines the determinants of health-seeking culture among women of reproductive age in the Calabar Metropolis, Nigeria. The determinants identified in this study were belief systems, level of education, cost of healthcare services, and Proximity. The researcher used the descriptive survey design to sample the opinion of representatives and get a detailed description of the health-seeking culture of women of childbearing age using quantitative and qualitative data. Six hundred (600) women of childbearing age were sampled from residents in the Calabar Metropolis. Both quantitative and qualitative data were retrieved using the research questionnaire and in-depth interview schedule. The retrieved quantitative data (586) were subjected to frequency and percentage counts, and simple linear regression at a significance level of 0.05. In contrast, the qualitative data were transcribed to supplement the quantitative responses. In addition, the transcribed qualitative data were analysed by the researcher into themes based on the research objectives. The findings indicate that: there is a significant relationship between belief system and health-seeking culture among women of childbearing age; there is a substantial relationship between the level of education and health-seeking culture of women of childbearing age; the cost of healthcare has a meaningful relationship with the health-seeking culture of women of childbearing age, and there is a significant relationship between Proximity to healthcare facilities and health-seeking culture of women of childbearing age. The study concludes that women's health-seeking behaviour is significantly retrained by beliefs, education levels, cost, and Proximity. Based on this finding, it is recommended that people's opinions be strongly considered and instilled in healthcare practice. Also, reproductive health awareness should be created using various social media platforms to address issues arising from self-medication

A qualitative investigation of stressful life events and mental health disorders: The views of patients and caregivers in Bangladesh.

Mounting mental health disorders among students has become a significant challenge in producing quality graduates with bright minds. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate the underlying causes of students' mental health-related problems and their experiences while living with mental health disorders. This study investigates the causes and exposures of mental health problems among university students in Bangladesh. For this purpose, a qualitative method was used, and an unstructured in-depth interview schedule was used to collect data from students and caregivers. The students were selected from Khulna University, and data were collected in two consecutive months, i.e., November and December 2021. Using a convenient sampling technique, eight (8) students with mental health issues and five (5) caregivers were interviewed to obtain the necessary data. The findings showed that the intertwined social circumstances led to mental health problems among university students. The students experienced deep depression following a breakup of their romantic affairs/relationships. The prolonged isolation or social distancing due to the government-imposed strict lockdown during the COVID-19 also produced frustration regarding the possible loss of both academic and professional careers. Furthermore, the growing academic pressure in a form of an unfamiliar approach to teaching and learning-online education-also compelled students to complain about depression and suicidal tendencies as parts of their experiences. This study recommends that the government and policymakers prioritize mental health issues in educational institutions, and they should enforce specific strategies, such as introducing age-specific mental health services and student counseling at educational institutions to reduce growing mental health issues. Furthermore, a positive approach from the family and community is also required to battle against mental health disorders. Besides, nationally representative empirical research is recommended to comprehend the growing mental health issues among students in the 21st century to figure out solutions for the present and the future.

Lived experiences of post-mastectomy women: A qualitative study of Western Rajasthan.

Women's breasts have biological functions to lactate, socially and culturally seen as sensual, and the essence of her femininity. In the world, breast cancer is the most constantly occurring non-cutaneous cancer among women. The qualitative phenomenological study aimed to explore the lived experiences of post-mastectomy women. A total of 14 post-mastectomy women were recruited through non-probability convenience sampling based on data saturation, at the radiation unit of a tertiary care hospital, in Basni, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, from September to November 2020. The data was collected using an in-depth interview schedule. It was firstly audio-recorded and transcribed, and then themes and subthemes were extracted. Experiences of women were recorded and analyzed using Colaizzi"s framework (1978) and ATLAS ti. 9 scientific software. This revealed five main themes and their subthemes: Body image changes, physical impacts, emotional impacts, treatment impacts, and coping and support sources. In India, the lack of exploration regarding this topic is due to the stigmatization of very private parts, i.e., breast involvement and people rarely discuss it. Thus, there is a need for more such studies to be done, and more attention is required on the role of nurses to assist post-mastectomy women psychologically, spiritually, and physically to cope with their conditions. Findings highlight that mastectomy as a surgical treatment may negatively affect a woman's body image. It's highly recommended to address individual women's psychosocial needs and preferences before undergoing mastectomy in educational sessions by physicians involving nurses with them. Also, proper knowledge about reconstructive procedures should be provided to improve their body image. The counseling sessions can be conducted pre and post-mastectomy by a professional counselor.

A Study to Assess the Beliefs and Practices Regarding Home Remedies for Minor Disorders during Pregnancy among Antenatal Mothers in Selected Hospitals, Moradabad

These study aims to assess the beliefs & practices regarding home remedies for minor disorders during pregnancy among antenatal mothers by using semi-structured interview schedule. Methodology: A qualitative study with ethnography research design was used. The study was conducted in Teerthanker Mahaveer Hospital and Research Centre, Moradabad U.P. among 15 antenatal mothers. The Sampling technique used for the study was non- probability purposive sampling technique. The data was collected by in-depth semi-structured interview schedule .The data analysis was done through descriptive and thematic analysis. Result: In this research study eight themes are articulated, it includes beliefs and practices of home remedies for nausea /vomiting, heartburn, constipation, edema, anaemia, leg cramps, joint pain & back pain, haemorrhoids and gum bleeding. Conclusion: Antenatal mothers uses lemon water ,honey ,salt water with sugar ,sweet fannel seeds (Saunf) white cardamom (Elaichi) & tamrind (Imli) to treat nausea /vomiting. Cold milk, curd, water and cold fruits (banana & pomegranate) & ajwain to relieves heartburn. Warm milk with ghee, lukewarm water with raisin lukewarm milk, oatmeal (daliya) and soyabeans to treat constipation. Dip feet in lukewarm salty water for 10-15 minutes for reducing edema. Antenatal mothers uses green leafy vegetables, fruits (apple, pomegranate, beetroot, banana, amla) and almonds to treat anaemia., application of mustard oil and olive oil for reducing leg cramps, joint pain and back pain. Antenatal mothers uses raw pomegranate, chapati of wheat bran in daily diet to prevent constipation .Flossing mouth and gums everyday with salt water and using pomegranate to reduce gum bleeding.

Content Analysing Work Performance of Lecturers in Southwestern Nigeria

Abstract Lecturers in Nigerian universities, according to literature, are subjected to challenging workplace conditions that tends to inhibit their performance and subsequently, their ability to achieve the teaching, research and community development service functions of their job description. It, therefore, becomes pertinent that the work performance of lecturers be analysed to either support or negate existing literature on the subject matter. This study is qualitative in nature and data was gathered through in-depth interview schedule from nine universities across Southwestern Nigeria (three Federal universities, three State universities and three Private universities). Three face-to-face individual interviews were held with academic staff who were Heads of Department and/or Deans in each of the selected universities giving a total of 27 of such interviews.Data were analysed using content analysis. The study found out that there are hinderances surrounding the work performance of lecturers particularly in terms of efficiency, effectiveness and productivity due to challenging poor working conditions such as erratic power supply, increased workload, absence of certain office facilities and lack of research funds. This study thus supports existing literature.

The Supervision of English Language Teachers in Public Secondary Schools in Kenya: A Critical Role of Heads of English Department

Purpose: The study assessed the role of heads of English department in the supervision of English language teachers in public secondary schools in Kakamega county, Kenya among other objectives. Supervision is key in enhancing learning-teaching experiences. In order to ensure better supervision of English language teachers, the heads of English department should play a key role in supervision. When their roles are not carried out efficiently, the teachers may not reach their full potential and learners may underperform. In Kenya, there is no official supervision approach that is exclusively used for supervising teachers of English in secondary schools, which means that teachers of English are not being effectively supervised, and this leads to negative impact on curriculum delivery.
 Methodology: This article is based on the research study done in Kakamega County, which explored English Language Teachers` opinions about the usefulness of Collaborative Peer Supervision (CPS) approach in enhancing Teacher Effectiveness in the teaching of English Language in public secondary schools in Kenya. The study adapted the Convergent Mixed Methods Research Design, where, 25 heads of English department were purposively sampled from the 417 public secondary schools in Kakamega county, and were interviewed using a researcher-developed in-depth interview schedule. Data collected was thematically analyzed using NVIVO12 Software. 
 Findings: The results revealed that, the major supervisory roles of HODs currently, is administrative i.e., supervision of curriculum implementation at the departmental level, conducting teacher appraisals, and general management of departmental issues. This is formal supervision through the Teacher Performance Appraisal and Development (TPAD) tool, which is the current supervisory approach, recognized by the Teachers` Service Commission (TSC), the teachers` employer in Kenya. The study also revealed that HODs are not fully sensitized about other key supervisory roles that they should play, in accordance with the literature. The results were presented thematically, by way of verbatim quotes as expressed by the participants` responses, and researcher commentaries.
 Unique Contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study concluded that teachers of English in public secondary schools in Kenya, are not being effectively supervised because the HODs are not fully sensitized about their full supervisory roles. The study recommends the development of capacity building programs on supervisory roles for HODs through workshops and seminars, and the introduction of CPS as a complementary supervision approach for supervising teachers of English in secondary schools, in which HODs will take the centrality of guiding supervision in their departments. This should guarantee the delivery of high-quality instruction.

Utilisation of information and communication technologies for agricultural extension service delivery in public and non-public organisations in southwestern Nigeria

The study investigated the use of information and communication technologies for specified extension delivery functions among practitioners in southwestern Nigeria. A pre-tested structured questionnaire along with in-depth interview schedule was conducted to collect data from senior officials who served as key informants from organisations. Data was analysed using descriptive (frequency and percentages and mean) and inferential (linear regression, T-test, and independent sample t-test) statistics. A three-stage sampling procedure was used to select respondents from Oyo, Ondo, Ekiti and Ogun States, being purposively selected due to presence of notable Public Extension Organisations (PEO) and Non-Public Extension Organisations (NPEO) in them. A total number of 165 respondents were selected from NPEO (41) and PEO (124) organisations. Mean of respondents’ ages was higher for respondents in NPEO than PEO organisations. Years of professional experience was higher in PEO. Highest educational qualification for NPEO was Bachelor’s degree while it was HND for PEO. Raising awareness about opportunities was the extension function most respondents used ICTs for. Use of information and communication technologies was significantly influenced by respondents’ M. Sc. educational qualification and years of professional experience in PEO and NPEO. Significant difference existed in the use of technologies between public organisations and non-public organisations. There would be a need to educate practitioners from both organisations in using appropriate technologies that enhances the clienteles’ decision-making process, choice of new innovations over the old ones. It would be advantageous to implement policies that could empower both organisations to use ICT tools. This could ensure access to agricultural-related information that could improve clienteles’ standard of living.

Mundhum: Exploring the Narratives of Limbu Community in an Urban Setting

This paper explores the hindering factors of ritual transformation from one to the new generation in an urban setting. Paper describes the ritual narratives of the Limbu community practices based on Mundhum, and how it has been impacted in an urban setting. Shared the narratives by generation gaps, its practices, and external influencing factors in Limbu communities on the transformation of Mundhum. The Limbu community are indigenous populations who were migrants from the eastern part of Nepal, especially Taplejung, Terathum, Dhankuta, and Panchthar districts, who are the sampling frame for the qualitative study of this paper. Used ethnography for the collection and interpretation of data from the field with a non-probability sampling technique. In-depth semi-structured interview schedules were used as data collection tools. Seven in-depth interviews were conducted during this research. Key reasons for ritual degradation are low Limbu (native) language practices. Migration, education system, urban socialization practices, and imported culture affect native language transformation from one generation, directly affecting understanding and the transformation of native rituals. Lack of employment, health, and education opportunities are push factors on migrations in an urban setting from their origin. Still, they have mixed experiences with their rituals and bridging native language in Mundhum. Furthermore, lower knowledge, fewer practices of native language, unknown proper practices, urbanization impact, and objectivist thought of the current generation are major hindering factors in transforming Limbu culture and Mundhum rituals into new generations.

A Qualitative Inquiry into School Reforms in Balochistan (2013 to 2020): Parents’ and Teachers’ Perspectives

This qualitative study aimed to highlight parents’ and teachers’ perspectives on school reforms during 2013-2020 in Balochistan. This study is informed by the epistemological cannons of interpretivists’ tradition. In this research, qualitative research design is used, and exploratory research method is employed. A sample size of 20 participants was interviewed through In-depth interview schedule that includes ten parents and teachers each working in public schools. Moreover, purposive sampling technique was employed to interview the Teachers and parents whose children are studying in public schools. Thus, the data were recorded, transcribed, and interpreted through thematic analysis. The study found that free text provision, teacher training, teachers capacity building, the medium of instruction, infrastructure provision, curriculum development, monitoring, and evaluation system still require great attention of the concerned authority to properly implement the reforms and promote literacy in the area. The study suggests that the education sector plan should be seriously implemented with the provision of required resources to observe the prosperous future of Balochistan public schools.

HIFASS-LOPIN-3 Empowerment Programs and the Wellbeing of Orphans and Vulnerable Children in Southern Senatorial District of Cross River State, Nigeria

This study examined the various empowerment programs carried out by Health Initiatives for Safety and Stability in Africa – Local OVC Partner in Nigeria – Region 3 (HIFASS-LOPIN-3) as they affect the wellbeing of orphans and vulnerable children (OVC). Three objectives were outlined to include investigating the relationship between HIFASS-LOPIN-3 educational empowerment program and OVC’s school enrolment; HIFASS-LOPIN-3 provision of health services and OVC’s accessibility to quality healthcare facilities; HIFASS-LOPIN-3 skills acquisition training/financial empowerment program and the income level of OVC/caregivers. An Ex-post facto research design was employed in this study and a sample size of three hundred and eighty (380) respondents was drawn using multi-stage, simple random, stratified and snowball sampling techniques. The reliability test of the instrument was done using the test-retest reliability method. Primary data was obtained using a questionnaire and in-depth interview schedule, while secondary data was sourced from journals, texts, newspapers, internet, unpublished papers. The hypotheses were tested using Pearson’s Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient (r) and Chi-Square statistical techniques, together with frequency/percentage analysis. The study revealed among others that HIFASS-LOPIN-3 educational empowerment has significantly improved OVC’s school enrolment; HIFASS-LOPIN-3 skills acquisition training/financial empowerment program has significantly improved the income level of OVC/caregivers, nevertheless, almost all the OVC who reported having income-generating skills experienced challenges like insufficient start-up capital, insecurity, and crippling economic policies. It was recommended that government should make provision for OVC’s subsidized medical bills and adequate provision for start-up capital/equipment or materials should be made for older OVC/caregivers who receive skills acquisition training.

A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF ACADEMICS REFLECTIONS OF A VOCATIONAL TEACHER EDUCATION DIPLOMA (VTED) AT A UNIVERSITY IN SOUTH AFRICA

Good teaching in higher education is largely believed to be an important variable in the student success matrix. Universities therefore invest a significant part of their time in developing their academics through postgraduate teaching qualifications so as to enhance their teaching competence and effectiveness. This research critically examined the experiences of a group of academics at a university in South Africa that had recently graduated with a VTED. The study adopted a qualitative methodology where data were collected by means of an in-depth interview schedule. The study revealed that the VTED was well received by the participants as it enhanced their conceptualization of teaching and learning matters. The major recommendation was that university appointment boards should consider this qualification as a requirement for appointment as a university teacher and where one is appointed without it then one should be supported to acquire the qualification within five years of appointment

Teacher Practices in the Implementation of the New Business Subjects’ Curriculum in Uganda: A Case of Selected Secondary Schools in Kabale District

The study aimed at identifying the teacher practices that support the implementation of the new business subjects’ curriculum in selected secondary schools of Kabale district, Uganda. The study was underpinned by Ralph W. Tyler’s (1949) principles of curriculum theory. Based on the pragmatist perspective, a concurrent triangulation research design was adopted. Data were collected from 37 business subject teachers and 13 directors of studies across 13 secondary schools in Kabale district, making a total of 50 participants. Data were collected using semi-structured in-depth interview schedules, and survey questionnaires. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics while qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis approach by Braun and Clarke (2006). Findings revealed that ICT integration, assessment and evaluation, lesson planning, use of teaching aids, and integration of teaching methods were the major teacher practices that business subject teachers use to support implementation of the new business subjects’ curriculum. It emerged that business subject teachers had some knowledge on ICT; were fully equipped in designing assessment items; dominated class sessions with both teacher-centeredness and learner-centeredness; and prepared prior actual implementation process for consistency and timely completion of the syllabus. The quantitative findings revealed that: the majority (56%) of business subject teachers applied a combination of teacher practices in a single lesson. The findings provide insights into the teacher practices that support business subject’s teachers in the implementation of the new curriculum and could be useful in informing the development of guidelines for the implementation of the same.

The Impact Of Nasheman on Capacıty Buıldıng of Hearıng Impaıred (HI) Students

Purpose: The main objective of the study was to explore the impact of Nasheman on the capacity building of hearing- impaired (HI) students. The present study was descriptive and qualitative in nature.
 Methodology: The population of the study consisted of all the forty eight graduates of Nasheman who have completed their course of skills development from Nasheman. The sample of the study consisted of 14 students, which were selected through a convenient sampling technique. An in-depth interview schedule was used to collect data from selected respondents. Researcher personally visited the selected respondents and interviewed them. Thematic analysis technique was used for data analysis.
 Findings: The findings of the study revealed that most of the graduates were successful and living honorable lives. The administrative staff was very welcoming and caring. On the other hand, the teaching staff was professionally qualified and hard working. 
 Implications: More institutes like Nasheman should be established all around the country to facilitate special persons to increase and improve their capacities and there should be more diploma courses offered to facilitate a large number of special persons.

Teacher-Student Relationship in Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department in Different Medical Colleges of Bangladesh

Introduction: Teacher-student relationship is very important element in education to enhance the effectiveness of teaching and learning process. There are multiple factors affecting this relation. If we analyze these factors and take measures to improve these, there will be better relation; and teaching learning will be improved. Materials & Methods: This descriptive type of cross-sectional study was carried out in obstetrics and gynaecology department of selected medical colleges of Bangladesh. Five government & three non-government medical colleges were selected purposively situated both in Dhaka and outside during the period of July 2017 to June 2018. Total 170 students and 30 teachers were responded through self-administered semi-structured questionnaire with five points Likert scale. 20 teachers were responded through in-depth interview schedule. Quantitative data analyzed by SPSS version 19. Qualitative data analyzed manually. Results: Study revealed that multiple factors were related to the relation among medical teachers and students. Mutual respect, empathy, Good listening skill, mutual respect, sharing expectation, self-disclosure, awareness about own role are the most important influencing factors in this relation (mean score >4). Use of drugs/tobacco, speech difficulty, love affair of students, negatively affect communication. Study also revealed barriers of relation fear and shyness, language barrier and discrimination of students by the teachers. Friendly relationship, open minded behavior, student- teachers cooperation, open discussion, morality and religious practice, motivation of by teachers, understanding each other’s, avoidance of student’s politics, responsibility of students & teachers, teachers training with reduced workload have great impact on removing these barriers. Conclusion: Addressing these issues at all possible levels, proper measures should be taken to improve relation among teachers and students; so that teaching learning process can be enhanced and ultimate goal of medical education can be achieved. Medicine Today 2021 Vol.33(2): 165-168