IMRAD Format Research Articles

Automation of manuscript typographic formatting using MS Word

The article describes the goals, methods, and results of developing a set of versatile requirements for formatting scientific manuscripts, the application of which can be automated. The experience and results of testing the developed requirements and methods of their automation are presented. The set of requirements for formatting scientific manuscripts in an editable format allow the document to be circulated between the authors, editors, reviewers, and layout designers, thus optimizing labor- and time resources. The developed requirements meet the text document standards adopted in the Russian Federation and are approved by typographic specialists. The requirements are supported by built-in MS Word automation tools (macros) and are executed automatically. The author’s time spent on mastering the requirements and automation tools is compensated by accelerating the formatting of lengthy documents in the future. The requirements can be customized according to individual preferences and specific publisher requirements. The developed tools were tested as part of the specialized course “Preparation of a Scientific Article for Publication” at Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University. It was found that students become to acknowledge the importance of using formatting styles when the text is initially aligned according to the IMRAD format. By that means, the text structure and formatting tasks are interrelated, complementing each other during the article preparation process. The presented set of requirements seems promising in terms of developing a generally accepted standard.

METHODOLOGICAL CORRECTNESS OF RESEARCH IN MEASURING IMPLICIT ATTITUDES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Implicit measures of attitudes provide an assessment of attitudes that respondents are unwilling to express or might not be aware of. This paper presents a systematic review of scientific literature in the field of measuring implicit attitudes, in which the current state and position of this construct are reviewed with the aim of assessing the meeting of scientific methodological criteria of knowledge acquisition. Empirical materials were obtained in February 2023 through the following search engines and platforms: Google, Google Scholar, SAGE, APA PsycNet, EBSCO, ScienceDirect, ResearchGate and JSTOR. Inclusion criteria: a paper published in a scientific journal, in English, available in its entirety in electronic form, in the field of psychology/social sciences, published from 2000 to the date of the search. In most reviewed sources, the Implicit Association Test (IAT) instrument was used, so this was added as an inclusion criterion. The final number of studies for analysis was 22 – five review papers and 17 research papers, mostly experimental studies. The papers were published in scientific journals with a high impact factor, written in the IMRAD format, the methods used were adequately presented, systematically controlled research procedures and appropriate statistical techniques were used, the conclusions were based on data, and the critical attitude of the researchers is present. The metric characteristics of the instruments are generally at an acceptable level – adequate internal consistency reliability, convergent and internal validity, predictive ability, but there are problems in the domain of construct and ecological validity.

The why, the what and the so what of a qualitative empirical research article

The medical literature is dominated by clinical and laboratory sciences, and therefore, the social studies of medicine genre will be harder to decipher for health professional education researchers from a clinical background and other similar newcomers. In the medical literature, the typical format for articles follows a strict sequence known as Introduction, Methods, Results and Discussion, or simply the IMRaD format. In social studies of medicine, however, qualitative research articles are typically less clearly structured. Headings and subheadings are used to communicate the argument but do not necessarily carry titles that easily match the IMRaD elements. This is made more confusing when many qualitative researchers propagate a sense of “anything goes” (more or less) in terms of structure in order to give space for creativity. However, while it is true that there are not strict rules, the idea that there are no conventions at all can sometimes lead novice qualitative researchers astray, and they can become overly creative. Articles in the field of the social study of medicine (especially anthropology, sociology, science and technology studies (STS) and qualitative public health) do, in most cases, follow a particular logic and structure. This paper is about that hidden structure and the logic that justifies it. Its aim is to help newcomers to the field to build their arguments well and to assist people in other areas of medicine to better understand qualitative research articles.

Writing scientific articles for undergraduate students: A need analysis

<span lang="EN-US">Excellent and appropriate teaching materials are based on the results of needs analysis. They significantly affect students’ ability to write scientific articles and increase their knowledge and understanding of scientific papers required by indexed and reputable journals. This article explores the target needs (i.e., necessities, lacks, and wants) for teaching materials based on accredited journal criteria for scientific article writing. The design used is a case study. The data were collected using a questionnaire about target needs based on the theory of Hutchinson and Waters, namely lacks, necessities, and wants, and a focus group interview. The results showed that students must learn about teaching materials to write scientific articles to improve their writing quality. Regarding the students’ lack of learning material for writing scientific articles, 85.53% indicated students’ lack of IMRAD or introduction, method, result and discussion, and conclusion format research articles. According to students’ perceptions, restating the research objective and approach and creating a research gap is the most difficult. Among 72 participants, 80% mentioned learning how to write based on the IMRAD format creating a research gap found to be the most critical skill they want to learn in the new course and then followed by summarizing and presenting data.</span>

How Can I write a Discussion that is Effective?

Writing scientific papers needs a high level of ability, scientific understanding, and adherence to accepted scientific practices. Every article should fundamentally adhere to the IMRAD format, which is virtually reflected, with slight variations, throughout the entirety of contemporary scientific publishing. Writing articles requires staying on topic, having a clear beginning and finish, and drawing from every aspect of the context. Additionally, it highlights the paper's strengths and weaknesses by highlighting any confusing issues that may require additional investigation in some future research by the same or a different set of authors. Therefore, the Discussion chapter serves as the core of any scientific work. The discussion itself must make reference to the particular of the work's outcomes. When scientists prepare their papers by presenting their own results and comparing them with those of other authors with comparable topics, the author aims to emphasize the relevance of a high-quality chapter discussion.

The Structure Again! Common Mistakes in Writing the Discussion

One of the most frequent comments that the editors of Education and Self Development make at the stage of preliminary assessment includes the Discussion. This section is either not discursive or written superficially. In this editorial I want to delve deeper into this issue. To begin with the structure of a scholarly paper, we recommend using the IMRaD format. This is an acronym made up of the first letters of the following chapters: introduction, methods, results and discussion. There are variations within this format depending on the scope of a journal. For instance, the introduction can contain the analysis of prior studies, discussion can be integrated into the results chapter or the discursive aspect of a paper can be combined with conclusion. Though this practice is acceptable, we do not recommend authors to use integration. The rationale behind this recommendation is that it is difficult to achieve a balance in case of incorporation. When authors combine the results with the discussion, the focus is often shifted towards the findings, and the discussion usually gets lost in a huge flow of information or is not even presented. Therefore, separate sections eliminate such shortcomings.

The development of university research scholars’ and faculty’s competence in academic writing

Introduction. The development of competence in the field of academic writing is one of the requirements for university research scholars and faculty at the current stage. The number of research articles published in academic journals indexed in Scopus and Web of Science is one of the indicators of the effectiveness of the university in general and the effectiveness of each individual scholar in particular. The purpose of the study is to develop a course program for the university research scholars and faculty for the development of competence in the field of academic writing and to test its effectiveness in the course of experiential learning. Materials and methods. The study involved young faculty of various scientific specialties of Derzhavin Tambov State University (N=40). For 13 weeks, they were trained in writing the structural components of an IMRAD research article, and also studied issues related to the use of modern information and analytical resources for the selection of research literature on topics and the promotion of research articles after their publication. The objects of control were micro skills associated with writing structural fragments of an article in the IMRAD format. Statistical analysis of the data was carried out using the Student's t-test. Median data (M) were used in the analysis. Research results. It was revealed that the proposed course has confirmed its effectiveness in all controlled aspects. In addition, the study showed that the greatest difficulties for most learners, predominantly representatives of humanities, were caused by writing the sections “Methods and materials” (M = 3.05), “Results” (M = 2.95) and “Discussion of the results” (M = 3.45). The least difficulties for the participants were caused by writing the sections "Introduction" (M=4.16), "Literature Review" (M=4.8), "Conclusion" (M=4.43) and compiling a list of references (M=4.87). The paper presents in detail the subject content of the course and tasks for independent implementation by students. Conclusion. The novelty of the study is in the development of the subject content of the course for the development of students’ and scholars’ competence in academic writing. The results of the study can be used in the development of specialized academic writing courses for bachelor and master degree students, involved in research activity.

An Approach to Automate the Scientific Paper's Evaluation Based on NLP Technologies: the Experience in the Russian Segment of Financial Technologies Field

This paper reflects the research to design and application the complex method to evaluate the quality of the paper written in the IMRaD format. As a field we choose Russian segment of the financial technologies area since we had interest to use multilingual language model. The method covers paper's relevance to the chosen field and internal topics, the actuality, relation between parts, text borrowing, and experiment part. The clustering and classifying algorithms, and language machine learning model were used. The experimental part based on corpus of Russian papers shows the deviation of method's recommendations from expert opinion not more than 20%. The results may be interested not only reviewers but student as authors of futures papers to avoid common mistakes during paper's writing.

Atlantic impacts on subdecadal warming over the tropical Pacific in the 2000s

IntroductionA subdecadal (i.e. , three-year running mean) variation over the tropical Pacific is very distinctively observed in the 2000s.Results and methodsHere, we have demonstrated that sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the tropical Atlantic contribute to forming high ocean-temperature anomalies in the tropical Pacific in the early 2000s by performing partial data assimilation of a global climate model. Low SSTs over the equatorial Atlantic change the Walker circulation, and the associated weakening of the Pacific trade winds raises the equatorial SST on subdecadal timescales. At the same time, a high SST anomaly is also generated in the off-equatorial North Pacific through deepening of the upper ocean thermocline due to an accompanying anticyclonic surface wind anomaly aloft. While the subtropical North Atlantic SSTs may help the subdecadal warming in the equatorial Pacific, the resultant SST anomalies show a one-year delay in the phase transition and are modestly accompanied by ocean thermocline deepening.DiscussionIt roughly follows the IMRaD format.

Scientific Publications Format IMRaD for Social and Humanities Research: A Chance to Be Heard

The requirement to submit and publish scientific articles in indexed journals has become a part and parcel of life in academia. Although Russian scientists are becoming more visible in the world of science due to their research achievements, they are not sufficiently recognised by a wide audience for several reasons. In this study, we scrutinize the published papers of Russian researchers working in the domains of social sciences and humanities. We aim at investigating the logic and organisation of such publications to see how the articles correspond to the meta-requirements established by the international academia. To achieve the goal we have analysed the logic and organisation of 55 published articles from the Russian scientometric database e-Library. The results emphasise that most Russian researchers do not follow the IMRaD format accepted by the majority of international journals. As a result, such articles have minimal chances to be accepted by international editors. This is not surprising, as unclear structure means lack of readability and, consequently, loss of readers accustomed to a certain article format. This situation causes concerns because Russian scientists do have a lot to say to the world of science.

THE STRUCTURE FORMAT OF ABSTRACTS: A SURVEY OF LEADING DENTAL JOURNALS AND THEIR EDITORS.

To present the actual usage of different structure formats in abstracts of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews (SRs) published in SCIE-indexed dental journals, and to assess the awareness, knowledge, as well as attitudes towards the structured formats of RCT and SR abstracts among editors-in-chief (EICs) of dental journals. In the first part of this study, we selected SCIE-indexed dental journals and assessed their eligibility according to pre-determined criteria. All RCTs and SRs published in the included journals during January-June 2020 were identified through a hand-search. The actual usage of different structure formats and headings, as well as relevant editorial policies were extracted. In the second part, an anonymous online survey among the EICs of included dental journals was conducted. A total of 88 journals were included, from which 364 RCT abstracts and 130 SR abstracts were identified. For RCT abstracts, 86% were structured, with 83% in IMRaD format (Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion) and 3% in highly structured (HS) format. For SR abstracts, 80% were structured, including 73% in IMRaD and 7% in HS format. According to the "instructions to authors", most journals required either IMRaD (68%) or HS (5%) for RCTs, while less than half required either IMRaD (36%) or HS (9%) for SRs. Twenty-one (24%) EICs participated in our survey, among which 18 agreed that structured formats could improve the reporting quality of RCT abstracts, while only 12 of them thought HS format should be widely recommended in the dental field. Compared with the HS format, IMRaD was more frequently used and required among RCT and SR abstracts in dentistry. Structured formats held a relatively high degree of recognition among EICs of dental journals. Joint efforts are needed for improving the awareness and usage of HS format.

BEHIND THE FRONT ROW: TAPPING THE LIVED EXPERIENCESOF OVERSEAS FILIPINO STUDENTS WITH FRONTLINER PARENTSIN THE STATE OF QATAR, A PHENOMENOLOGY

A new profound virus, COVID-19, spread all over the world including Qatar, resulting in the deployment of different frontliners to battle this pandemic. While there have been many studies highlighting the struggles of the main workers behind the crisis, the difficulties of their children are left unsung. Hence, this study scrutinizes their unspoken experiences, especially on the different life aspects the children undergo. Through a qualitative approach adapting the IMRAD format and phenomenologically designed, the study examined the unraveled lived experiences of overseas Filipino students with frontliner parents. Data gathering was done through structured interviews stemming from the central question: What aspects of life do Filipino students with frontliner parents are the most affected?, in which the data was later analyzed using inductive reasoning for thematizing. Based on the participants verbal musings, three themes were constructed the lived experiences of overseas Filipino students with frontliner parents revolve around: (1) Academic Relation, including their scholastic adjustments (2) Societal Association, highlighting their social struggles (3) and Psychological Comprehension that relates them into the reality of their situation. The phenomenological study shows that overseas Filipino students make critical decisions suited to the situation of their frontliner parents. It shows that because of the demanding job of their parents, many aspects of these childrens lives are greatly affected. The study, then, taps into the students lived experiences of what they made to adapt to the circumstances and accommodate their frontline-working parents. The gathered thematized responses validate and demonstrate these commonalities among overseas Filipino children with frontliner parents in Qatar, which is the heart of the study. Acknowledgment of these childrens experiences means understanding how having frontliner parents with shifted priorities can also integrate them better into society, more independently, especially in their academic, social, and psychological aspects.

From The Editors Desk…

Our editorial team has always endeavoured not just to improve the quality of the manuscripts but also to help the authors improve their writing skills. Depending upon the type of manuscript we recommend standard guidelines like the CONSORT, PRISMA, STROBE, CARE and STARD. We also recommend IMRaD format while writing the manuscript. The Introduction, which is around 3-4 paragraphs, should be structured from generalities to the specific elaborating what the shortcomings are in published literature and what void the current research would fill. The authors must understand that the “aim” is the broader intent, while the “objectives” are the more specific steps which one plans to achieve. The Material and Methods section needs to be detailed to such an extent that any researcher planning to replicate the study can do so with accuracy. In this section, the study design, the study setting, inclusion and exclusion criteria, sample size, interventions, outcome measures and statistics are elaborated. The results section provides outcome data about primary and secondary measures as well as the contrast between groups wherever applicable. Avoid presenting same result data in multiple formats as well as interpreting the results in this section. The discussion part compares the results with existing literature, analyses the strengths and limitations of the study and at the same time explain the practical implications as well as future research directions. Finally, at the end a summary of the concluding findings should be provided and whether they support your initial research hypothesis. Last but not the least, the author must remember the criticality of the abstract. Most reviewers and editors as well as readers base their initial judgement based on this short paragraph. Structured abstracts are preferred with relevant subsections. Authors must understand the significance of keywords, MeSH terms as well as how to do proper referencing. Writing medical literature is an art which needs to be groomed at an early stage. Competency develops as one writes more & more. We hope this editorial will help authors understand how to ensure that their article is selected, printed, and finally appreciated by the readers. We end this editorial with a remembrance to a few of our dearest fellow Orthopaedicians whose demise shall leave a lasting void in Odisha Orthopaedics. Dr Prabhakar Mohanty, Dr Bijay Kumar Sadangi, Dr Binay Aggarwal and Dr Smarajit Pattnaik will always be in our cherished memories. Dr Satya Ranjan Patra Editor – In – Chief

From The Editors Desk…

Our editorial team has always endeavoured not just to improve the quality of the manuscripts but also to help the authors improve their writing skills. Depending upon the type of manuscript we recommend standard guidelines like the CONSORT, PRISMA, STROBE, CARE and STARD. We also recommend IMRaD format while writing the manuscript. The Introduction, which is around 3-4 paragraphs, should be structured from generalities to the specific elaborating what the shortcomings are in published literature and what void the current research would fill. The authors must understand that the “aim” is the broader intent, while the “objectives” are the more specific steps which one plans to achieve. The Material and Methods section needs to be detailed to such an extent that any researcher planning to replicate the study can do so with accuracy. In this section, the study design, the study setting, inclusion and exclusion criteria, sample size, interventions, outcome measures and statistics are elaborated. The results section provides outcome data about primary and secondary measures as well as the contrast between groups wherever applicable. Avoid presenting same result data in multiple formats as well as interpreting the results in this section. The discussion part compares the results with existing literature, analyses the strengths and limitations of the study and at the same time explain the practical implications as well as future research directions. Finally, at the end a summary of the concluding findings should be provided and whether they support your initial research hypothesis. Last but not the least, the author must remember the criticality of the abstract. Most reviewers and editors as well as readers base their initial judgement based on this short paragraph. Structured abstracts are preferred with relevant subsections. Authors must understand the significance of keywords, MeSH terms as well as how to do proper referencing. Writing medical literature is an art which needs to be groomed at an early stage. Competency develops as one writes more & more. We hope this editorial will help authors understand how to ensure that their article is selected, printed, and finally appreciated by the readers. We end this editorial with a remembrance to a few of our dearest fellow Orthopaedicians whose demise shall leave a lasting void in Odisha Orthopaedics. Dr Prabhakar Mohanty, Dr Bijay Kumar Sadangi, Dr Binay Aggarwal and Dr Smarajit Pattnaik will always be in our cherished memories. Dr Satya Ranjan Patra Editor – In – Chief

POSSIBILITY OF DETERMINING ARGUMENTATION IN SOCIAL SCIENCE ARTICLES: THE CASE OF LATVIAN

Argumentation is an essential part of the research process and its linguistic representation. Argumentation, as well as the formation of appropriate wording requires that the author is familiar with different types of argumentation and the experience with their use to substantiate one's thoughts and statements in a proper scientific way. Until now, argumentation as an object of linguistic research in scientific has been widely researched, but in the context of scientific articles in Latvian, it has not been studied at all.
 This paper explores the possibilities of qualitative analysis of argumentation in order to develop a methodology for determining the presence of argumentation and further linguistic research on it (for example, classification of argumentation by strategy, structure, scope or expansion, etc.).
 To achieve the intended goal, 20 social science articles (published from 2016–2018) in Latvian have been selected from the fields of political science, economics and business, education, and sociology. These articles were structurally different, 8 articles strictly adhered to IMRaD format, 6 articles partially followed it (mainly the discussion section was missing) while the remaining 6 articles completely ignored the IMRaD format. The selection of articles was done to accept or reject the initial hypothesis that the proportion of argumentation is directly related to the IMRaD structure of the articles.
 To determine the argumentation, the same research methods that are used in computational linguistics are applied to qualitative research and manual text zone marking is used. The study was intended to obtain and test a universal methodological approach that could be used for future linguistic research in disciplines (mainly humanities and arts) where the IMRaD structure is not used.

Let's Write a Manuscript: A Primer With Tips and Tricks for Penning an Original Article.

A group of international researchers and editors summarize how (promptly and easily) an original manuscript can be written using certain tips and tricks. The authors guide novice colleagues with minimal experience using simple hints and straightforward advice in scholarly publishing. The main body of an original article is composed of four parts: Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion (the IMRaD format). We make recommendations about how to write these sections. We also make suggestions regarding the title, abstract, key words, and references. In addition, we underline the importance of carefully reading and following general recommendations for the conduct, reporting, editing, and publication of scholarly papers. Specific guidelines are reviewed for improving clarity, accuracy, and transparency, from protocol registration and ethical approval to submission issues, inclusive of rehabilitation specificities. A thorough review of the mission and instructions of the journals under consideration is also critical, inclusive of manuscript preparation guidelines such as word limits of main text, limits in number and style of references, tables and figures, format, checklist, and other specific instructions. Finally, each and every sentence should be iteratively revised for grammar, style, and clarity.

Science of writing for publication in scientific journals: steps and resources

The step-by-step process on how to write a publishable manuscript, starting from the title up to the reference requires reading articles and books which are available in plenty online and offline on scientific writing, prepare to start the journey of writing and publication in scientific journals. One of the best ways to embark on this journey is by trying to do it, by practice, practice, and more practice.
 Historically, the initiation of modern scientific writing began some 350 years ago in 1665 with the publication of ‘Philosophical Transactions’, considered as one of the first scientific journal.1,2 Half a century later, the format of writing and peer-review were introduced in 1731, but it took almost two centuries, until after World War II, for the wider acceptance of the concept by the journals.3 The structured format of writing introduced in the 1940s has evolved to what we know today as IMRAD- introduction-methods-results-and-discussion. This IMRAD format helps guide authors to address the essential components of research work, and makes it easier for the reviewer, the editors, and most importantly the readers to understand what is being presented.4 The IMRAD, and aIMRAD (a=abstract, in which the discussion is replaced and presented as conclusion) is an easy concept for comprehension, Figure 1.5

How to write a good abstract for a biomedical paper

Although a relatively short text, the abstract of a paper summarizes the most important issues raised in the main text. The abstract is, at least initially, the key text on which journal editors, reviewers and eventually readers form their initial judgement on the overall quality of the full manuscript. Therefore, it is essential to execute this step of the writing process well. In this article, we discuss the purpose of an abstract, why it is important, and how to write a good abstract. Increasingly, journal abstracts are structured to follow the IMRAD format (Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion). We provide examples of well written and badly written abstracts, with explanatory notes, to help readers understand the key points that need to be addressed and mistakes that should be avoided. Since international abstracts are generally written in English, preparing an abstract can be especially challenging for researchers who are not native speakers of English. We close this article with general linguistic advice, paying particular attention to key terms and word choice than can meaningfully express an author’s intention in a concise way. The points raised in this article will help authors improve their scientific writing and enable their findings to be expressed with clarity.

УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ПУБЛИКАЦИОННОЙ АКТИВНОСТЬЮ АВТОРОВ: НАУЧНАЯ ПУБЛИКАЦИЯ В ФОРМАТЕ IMRAD

The purpose of the work is to acquaint Russian specialists with the general specifics of the requirements of foreign scientific publishing houses for the preparation of scientific articles, as well as with the basic algorithmic methods of formalizing the presentation of information for its publication in Englishlanguage scientific journals. The article is the first in a cycle of publications devoted to this problem. In re-search methods of the analysis, synthesis, comparison and algorithmization of processes are used. The result of the research is a system of algorithms for forming the content of individual sections of scientific articles in the IMRAD format, following which allows the authors to overcome the psychological barrier in presenting the results of their research to foreign readers.

Practice of Good Scientific Writing

Our Science and scientific explorations are integral components in the process of research and development. Therefore, keeping abreast of recent scientific knowledge and development is an imper proceativess of a professional scientist. Scientific literature such as publications are among the most popular ways to update and up-skill one’s knowledge in a particular area. One can either become a consumer of scientific publication as a reader or s/he could also contribute to the body of literature through academic publications in quality peer-reviewed journals. Having contributed to academic writing as an author is like your passport to your scientific community, not only to share your knowledge but also to gain professional recognition. Your contribution to publication also helps disseminate your new and foremost findings or techniques among scientific and academic communities. In order to be an accomplished scientist, one needs to have good scientific writing skills and be able to express the scientific knowledge effectively and efficiently to the scientific/academic community. Before you start writing, it is important that you should be aware of the main goals of your publication. Your research should answer the relevant questions of the involved field and should arouse interest in the readers. Furthermore, the researcher should also know whether the research and findings of the work are publishable at the given point or not. If the answers are ticked off positively, then the researcher can start preparing the manuscript. Most research papers are based upon the IMRaD format. The word IMRaD stands for the initial letters of the words Introduction (I), Methods (M), Results (R), and Discussion (D). The Introduction describes the scope and purpose of the research in the light of recent information on the existing research; the Methods explain how the analysis was done; the Results section reports your audience to know what the investigation showed; and the Discussion section should explain the significance of the new information provided by your study and suggestions for future studies. . The IMRaD structure has been followed by a progressively increasing number of academic journals and has been the basis for most researches. It is a very effective approach as it facilitates the literature review and lets the readers understand the research more logically.Good scientific writing with the methodical approach is not the only criteria for getting published in scientific journals. For publishing in a particular journal, it's very important to follow the author guidelines. Every journal has a particular format of writing and it is expected that the particular journal is going to publish the articles in the same particular format. This is very important for the journal to be consistent in all the publications. In addition, writing a good research article can seem challenging at first, however, if a researcher plans it properly, the challenge becomes interesting. Your research may conclude with meaningful answers to the unanswered questions in a particular scientific field and serve as a stimulus for further studies in the future. Well-written papers get published more frequently and can easily attract the attention of the readers. They are highly read, recommended as well as cited. Reviewers are more willing to review a well written research article and give favorable comments to improve the quality of the study. The authors should make every effort to implement the proper use of correct grammar. Poor language quality, including errors in grammar, spelling mistakes, typographical errors could delay the publication or lead to outright rejection of the paper.Ultimately, the readers of your scientific manuscript are your primary examiners. They are going to examine the details of all the appropriate components of your study: purpose, background and rationale, strategies, results|, discussion and conclusions. . The elements of good scientific publishing must certainly be clear, precise, and logical. Finally, scientific work is incomplete until the results are disseminated to the larger community. Thus, effective scientific writing will create information exchange, to improve knowledge progress, ideas and improve your colleague's future work.