Impulsive Behavior Scale Research Articles

The moderating role of protective factors in shift work disorder and health outcomes: A cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT This study investigated whether sleep-specific (e.g. chronotype) and traditional (e.g. resilience) protective factors were associated with reduced shift work disorder (SWD) risk and explored their role as moderators in the relationship between SWD risk and health. Shift workers (n = 126) participated in a cross-sectional study evaluating SWD risk (i.e. low vs. high; SWD-screening Questionnaire), mental health (Patient Health Questionnaire-9; Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire-7), physical health (Subjective Health Complaints Inventory), sleep (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; Insomnia Severity Index; Epworth Sleepiness Scale), and protective factors (Resilience Scale; Social Provisions Scale; Survey of Perceived Organizational Support; Short Impulsive Behavior Scale; Circadian Type Inventory; reduced-Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire). Logistic regressions revealed lower sleep languidity was associated with reduced odds (OR = 0.88 [0.79,0.96]) for having high SWD risk. Multiple regression analyses showed in shift workers with high social support or morningness, having high SWD risk was not associated with increased depression symptoms, or insomnia severity and poor sleep quality, respectively. Finally, in those with high or medium levels of perceived organizational support, high SWD risk was not associated with increased gastrointestinal and allergy complaints. Longitudinal research with larger samples is needed to confirm the moderating role of protective factors in the relationship between SWD risk and health.

Psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Impulsive Behavior Scale of Barratt on pre-hospital personnel

Introduction: Impulsivity means acting with the least thought towards future behaviors or acting based on thoughts that are not the best option for a person or others. This study was conducted to investigate psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Impulsive Behavior Scale (IBS) of Barratt on pre-hospital personnel of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2023. Materials and Methods: This methodological study was conducted 18 pre-hospital emergency centers of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences during 2022-2023. In this study, the Persian version of the IBS has been used. Face and content validity of the scale in this study was confirmed using qualitative and quantitative methods, and construct validity was confirmed by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated by Cronbach's alpha and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) for each field and the scale. Results: The IBS had three unplanned, motor and attentional subscales with 23 items and the varimax rotation showed variance of 52.06%. In CFA, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) was equal to 0.093 and normalized fit index (NFI), comparative fit index (CFI), goodness of fit (GFI) and incremental fit index (IFI) were higher than 0.9. Cronbach's alpha coefficient in the scale was 0.85%, and the intra-subject correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.84%. Conclusion: The study results showed that the scale for pre-hospital personnel had the required validity and reliability, and it can be used for the impulsive behavior in pre-hospital personnel.

A four-factor model of executive function: Predicting physical and academic outcomes from cognitive assessments in adolescents

Impulsivity and cognitive function are essential for understanding behavioral regulation, particularly in relation to health-risk behaviors like substance use, physical activity, and academic performance. This study examined the factor structure underlying executive function in adolescents using the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale and NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery. We explored how parental monitoring moderates, and peer network health and perceived stress mediate, relationships between cognitive function and outcomes such as BMI, physical activity, and academic performance. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) on 2228 observations identified a four-factor model (BIC = −97.92, RMSEA = 0.040, TLI = 0.936), validated by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) (CFI = 0.961, RMSEA = 0.055). Structural equation modeling (SEM) on 5902 observations showed that parental monitoring moderated Factor 1 (adaptive impulsivity) in relation to physical activity and academic performance, while peer network health mediated Factor 2 (emotional impulsivity) effects on BMI and physical activity. This model underscores the influence of peer relationships, parental involvement, and stress on cognitive, health, and academic outcomes, suggesting that interventions enhancing peer support, reducing stress, and promoting healthy behaviors may improve adolescent well-being.

The effects of hypothetical psychological interventions on alcohol use in European young adults

Abstract Background Low psychosocial well-being (PWB) and high emotion-driven impulsiveness (EDI) are associated with alcohol. Yet, it is unclear whether a hypothetical intervention targeting one or the other in adolescence might be more effective in reducing alcohol consumption (AC) in young adulthood. Therefore, we aimed to compare the separate causal effects of PWB and EDI in adolescence on AC in young adulthood. Methods We included 505 European young adults from the IDEFICS/I.Family cohort (mean age: 20.2 years; age range: 18.2-23.5 years) who did not drink alcohol at study entry. AC was operationalized as the amount of weekly consumed alcoholic beverages (mean: 4.2 drinks per week; range: 0.3-70 drinks per week). EDI was assessed using the negative urgency subscale from the UPPS-P Impulsive Behaviour Scale. PWB was assessed using the KINDLR Health-Related Quality of Life Questionnaire. Following the principles of target trial emulation, we estimated, separately, the average causal effects of PWB and EDI on AC accounting for relevant confounders and applying a semi-parametric doubly robust method (targeted maximum likelihood estimation). We stratified the results by sex and parental education. Results If all adolescents, hypothetically, had high levels of PWB, compared to low levels, we estimated a decrease in the average amount of alcoholic beverages in young adulthood by 0.1 drinks per week [95%-confidence interval: -2.3; 2.1]. Furthermore, if all adolescents had low levels of EDI, compared to high levels, we estimated an increase in alcoholic beverages in young adulthood by 1.5 drinks per week [0.1; 2.9]. Different effects for sex and parental education groups were found. Conclusions Hypothetical interventions targeting PWB in adolescents were not found to have effects on reducing AC in young adulthood. Interventions targeting EDI, however, would lead to an increase in AC. This may be due to unmeasured confounding and the missing distinction between drinking motives. Key messages • We demonstrate that causal inference methods, compared to traditional ones, improve the robustness of estimated effect measures and address important sources of bias in European cohort data. • To inform public health interventions on reducing alcohol consumption, future research should investigate different drinking motives, e.g. alleviating negative emotions or enhancing positive emotions.

Glycated hemoglobin, type 2 diabetes, and poor diabetes control are positively associated with impulsivity changes in aged individuals with overweight or obesity and metabolic syndrome.

Impulsivity has been proposed to have an impact on glycemic dysregulation. However, it remains uncertain whether an unfavorable glycemic status could also contribute to an increase in impulsivity levels. This study aims to analyze associations of baseline and time-varying glycemic status with 3-year time-varying impulsivity in older adults at high risk of cardiovascular disease. A 3-year prospective cohort design was conducted within the PREDIMED-Plus-Cognition substudy. The total population includes 487 participants (mean age = 65.2 years; female = 50.5%) with overweight or obesity and metabolic syndrome. Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and type 2 diabetes control were evaluated. Impulsivity was measured using the Impulsive Behavior Scale questionnaire and various cognitive measurements. Impulsivity z-scores were generated to obtain Global, Trait, and Behavioral Impulsivity domains. Linear mixed models were used to study the longitudinal associations across baseline, 1-year, and 3-year follow-up visits. HOMA-IR was not significantly related to impulsivity. Participants with higher HbA1c levels, type 2 diabetes, and poor control of diabetes showed positive associations with the Global Impulsivity domain over time, and those with higher HbA1c levels were further related to increases in the Trait and Behavioral Impulsivity domains over the follow-up visits. These results suggest a potential positive feedback loop between impulsivity and glycemic-related dysregulation.

Relationship between Social Media Addiction and Urgency in Young Adults

This study intended to inspect the relationship of urgency (positive and negative) and social media addiction (SMA) in young adults. The study also explored the gender differences on SMA and urgency. Two of the proposed hypotheses were put into testing, i.e., i) There is a relationship between SMA and urgency among young adults, and ii) There are gender differences in SMA and urgency. This research used a correlational research design and convenience sampling strategy. A sample of 300 university students was collected that included 150 males and 150 females age ranging between 18-25 years (M= 19.03, SD= 3.29). The data was collected in person through a self-constructed demographic questionnaire, Social Networking Addiction Scale (SNAS), and Urgency, Premeditation, Perseverance, Sensation Seeking, and Positive Urgency (UPPS-P) Impulsive Behavior Scale. The data was analyzed through SPSS software and Pearson correlation along with independent sample t-test were employed to test the hypotheses. The findings revealed that there is a positive relationship between urgency and SMA among young adults, however, no significant gender differences were found in urgency, social media addiction, and their subscales. This study urges young adults to limit social media use to prevent psychological dependence that can harm both productivity and mental well-being. It highlights the tendency of individuals to turn to social media as an escape when overwhelmed by emotional states, often sharing more than they would in a more balanced state of mind. This emotional oversharing can lead to unintended consequences, impacting personal and professional lives.

Negative and positive urgency as pathways in the intergenerational transmission of suicide risk in childhood.

Parental suicide attempts and suicide death increase suicide risk in their offspring. High levels of impulsivity have been observed in families at high risk for suicide. Impulsivity, a highly heritable trait that is especially elevated in childhood, is frequently measured with the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale, which includes negative urgency, positive urgency, sensation seeking, premeditation, and perseverance. Our study examined the association between the UPPS-P facets and suicide ideation (without suicide attempts) and suicide attempts at baseline and first-time endorsement within the next two years in childhood. We also examined how the UPPS-P facets mediated the association between parental suicide attempts and suicide death and offspring first-time suicide ideation and attempts at follow-up. The sample was 9,194 children (48.4% female; 9-10 years old) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, assessed yearly three times. At Time 1 (T1), caregivers reported on suicide attempts and suicide deaths (combined) of the biological parents. Caregivers and children reported on suicide ideation and attempts in the KSADS-PL DSM-5 at each time point, T1 and follow-up (T2 and/or T3). The Short UPPS-P Scale (child-report) assessed the impulsivity facets at T1, which were computed as latent variables. At T1, 6.7% of children had a parent who had attempted or died by suicide. Most UPPS-P facets were associated with suicide ideation and attempts at T1 and T2/T3. In adjusted models, parental suicide attempts and suicide death were associated with offspring negative and positive urgency. In mediation models, parental suicide attempts and suicide death had an indirect effect on offspring first-time suicide ideation at T2/T3 through negative urgency (OR = 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01-1.08) and positive urgency (OR = 1.03, 95% CI, 1.01-1.05). Similar results were found for first-time suicide attempts at T2/T3. Our findings support an impulsive pathway in the familial transmission of suicide risk. For all youth, interventions that target multiple UPPS-P facets may help prevent or reduce suicide risk. For offspring whose parents have attempted or died by suicide, clinicians should pay particular attention to children who impulsively act on extreme emotions, as they may be at higher suicide risk.

Impulsivity in antisocial personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder in prison population

This study examined impulsivity in antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) in the context of criminal offending. Participants completed the Demographic, Criminal, and Institutional Behavior Interview, the International Personality Disorder Examination, the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised, and the Impulsive Behavior Scale, that the APD and OCPD groups can commit the same crimes (against people and against objects). The results revealed that ASPD and OCPD groups can commit the same crimes (against human and against objects), although they differ in terms of impulsivity [Negative Urgency (UN), Sensation Seeking (BS) and Positive Urgency (UP)], with the OCPD group scoring lower on these dimensions. In the ASPD group, those who had committed crimes against human scored higher in UN, BS and UP than those who had committed crimes against objects. In the OCPD group, those who had committed crimes against human scored higher on UN and lower on BS and UP than those who had committed crimes against objects. The importance of analyzing personality disorder profiles for a better understanding of criminal behavior is emphasized.

Impulse control disorders related cognitive and behavioral features in Parkinson’s disease

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate cognitive and behavioral distinctions in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) with impulse control disorders (ICDs). Patients and methods: A total of 72 patients (52 males, 20 females; mean age: 60.8±9.2 years; range, 41 to 77 years) with PD (31 with ICD features [PDwIC] and 41 without ICD [PDwoICD]) and 67 healthy controls (35 males, 32 females; mean age: 60.4±10.4 years; range, 36 to 79 years) were included in this prospective cross-sectional study between April 2018 and January 2020. All participants underwent a comprehensive neuropsychometric assessment, including a battery of cognitive and psychiatric tests. Furthermore, the Iowa Gambling Task was employed to evaluate risky decision-making capacities, and the UPPS (Urgency, Premeditation [lack of], Perseverance [lack of], Sensation Seeking) Impulsive Behavior Scale was utilized to assess impulsive personality traits. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to assess the presence and severity of depression. Results: The PDwICD, PDwoICD, and healthy control groups showed comparable characteristics in terms of age and education level. Male sex was more prevalent in the PDwICD group than in the control group (p=0.01). The PDwICD group exhibited significantly higher MDS UPDRS I scores and total LEDD compared to the PDwoICD group (p=0.027 and p=0.003, respectively). The PDwICD group also had higher BDI scores and UPPS-Sensation Seeking subscores than the PDwoICD group (p=0.001 and p=0.044, respectively). The multivariate analyses demonstrated an independent association between higher scores of BDI and presence of ICD in PD (p=0.006). Conclusion: In conclusion, comprehensive screening for affective characteristics can help clinicians identify those at higher risk for impulsive behaviors in PD. Prospective studies are needed to better understand the factors leading to ICDs and explore the roles of personality traits, cognitive and behavioral features, and dopaminergic medications.

Psychometric Properties and Normative Data of the Spanish UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale in Adolescents

Impulsivity is a multidimensional construct linked to a broad spectrum of psychopathological and neuropsychological disorders. The UPPS-P model has emerged as a valuable tool for assessing impulsivity from a multi-dimensional perspective. Despite its relevance, few studies have examined the psychometric properties of the UPPS-P scale scores in a large, representative sample of adolescents. This study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Spanish UPPS-P in adolescents and to establish normative data for this population in Spain. To this end, 9024 students aged 11-19 from 66 different Spanish high schools were included. The fit for the expected 5-factor model, assessed through confirmatory factor analysis, was inadequate (CFI and TLI ≤ .85, RMSEA = .063), but becomes satisfactory when employing the more flexible ESEM approach (CFI and TLI ≥ .94, RMSEA = .038), which was invariant across gender and age. Internal consistency reliability was satisfactory (ω = .83 to .94). Convergent validity with the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11-A total score was good (r = .53 to .60). We provide population norms of the UPPS-P, which may help practitioners to interpret the UPPS-P scores of adolescents from the general population in Spain. Subsequent research should explore implications for both clinical and non-clinical settings.

Role of Impulsivity in Explaining Social Gradient in Youth Tobacco Use Initiation: Does Race Matter?

Socioeconomic status (SES) is traditionally viewed as a protective factor against impulsivity and subsequent tobacco use in youth. The prevailing model suggests that higher SES is associated with lower impulsivity, which in turn reduces the likelihood of future tobacco use. However, this pathway may not hold uniformly across racial groups due to differences in impulsivity and the phenomenon of Minorities' Diminished Returns (MDRs), where the protective effects of SES, such as educational attainment, tend to be weaker or even reversed for Black youth compared to their White counterparts. This study aims to examine the racial heterogeneity in the pathway from childhood SES to impulsivity and subsequent tobacco use initiation during adolescence, focusing on differences between Black and White youth. Data were drawn from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, which includes a diverse sample of youth aged 9 to 16 years. The analysis examined the relationship between baseline family SES (age 9), impulsivity (age 9), and subsequent tobacco use (ages 9 to 16). Impulsivity was measured using the Urgency, Premeditation (lack of), Perseverance (lack of), Sensation Seeking, and Positive Urgency Impulsive Behavior Scale (UPPS-P). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed, with analyses stratified by race to explore potential differences in these associations. Overall, 6,161 non-Latino White and 1,775 non-Latino Black adolescents entered our analysis. In the full sample, higher family SES was linked to lower childhood impulsivity and, consequently, less tobacco uses in adolescence. However, racial differences emerged upon stratification. Among White youth, higher SES was associated with lower impulsivity, leading to reduced tobacco use, consistent with the expected model. In contrast, among Black youth, higher SES was not associated with lower impulsivity, thereby disrupting the protective effect of SES on tobacco use through this pathway. These findings suggest that racial heterogeneity exists in the SES-impulsivity-tobacco use pathway, aligning with the MDRs framework, which highlights how structural factors may weaken the protective effects of high SES among Black youth. These findings underscore the importance of considering racial heterogeneity in the relationships between SES, impulsivity, and tobacco use. The observed disparities suggest a need for targeted interventions that address the unique challenges faced by Black youth, who may not experience the same protective benefits of high SES as their White peers. These results carry significant implications for public health strategies aimed at reducing tobacco use in racially diverse populations.

Longitudinal characterization of impulsivity phenotypes boosts signal for genomic correlates and heritability.

Genomic correlates of impulsivity have been identified in several genome-wide association studies (GWAS) using cross-sectional designs, but no studies have investigated the molecular genetic correlates of impulsivity phenotypes using longitudinally constructed traits. In 3860 unrelated European participants in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), we constructed longitudinal phenotypes for delay discounting and impulsive personality traits (as measured by the UPPS-P impulsive behavior scales) via assessment at ages 24, 26, and 28. We conducted GWASs of impulsivity using both cross-sectional and longitudinal phenotypes, estimated heritability and their phenotypic and genetic correlations, and evaluated their association with recently-developed polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for the impulsivity indicators themselves and also related psychiatric conditions. Latent growth curve modeling revealed a stable intercept over time for all impulsivity phenotypes. High genetic correlation of cross-sectional measures over time suggested a stable genetic component for delay discounting (rg = 0.53-0.99) and sensation seeking (rg = 0.99). Heritability estimates of the stable longitudinal phenotypes substantively improved as compared to their cross-sectional counterparts, revealing a significant SNP-heritability for delay discounting (0.22; p = 0.03) and sensation seeking (0.35; p = 0.0007). Consistent with previous reports, GWAS and gene-based analyses revealed associations between specific longitudinal impulsivity indicators and CADM2 and NCAM1 genes. The PRSs for the impulsivity indicators and disorders related to self-regulation were also significantly associated with longitudinal impulsivity traits. Finally, we validated the associations between longitudinal impulsivity phenotypes and their PRSs in an independent 13-wave longitudinal study (n = 1019) and the benefit of longitudinal phenotypes in simulation studies. In this first longitudinal genetic study of impulsivity traits, the results revealed stable genomic correlates of delay discounting and sensation seeking over time and further validated the utility of recently-developed PRSs, both in relation to the observed traits and in connecting them to psychiatric disorders. More generally, these findings support using latent intercepts as novel longitudinal phenotypes to boost signal for heritability and genomic correlates of mechanisms contributing to psychiatric disease liability.

Distinct patterns of hippocampal subfieldvolumes predict coping strategies, emotion regulation, and impulsivity in healthy adults.

Recent studies have suggested that the hippocampus (HC) is involved in cognitive and behavioral functions beyond memory.We aimed to investigate how the volume of each subfield of the HC is associated with distinct patterns of coping strategies, emotion regulation, and impulsivity in a healthy population. We studied a total of 218 healthy subjects using the Leipzig mind-brain-body dataset. Participants were assessed for coping strategies, emotion regulation, and impulsivity using the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire(CERQ), Coping Orientations to Problems Experienced (COPE), Impulsive Behavior Scale (UPPS), and Behavioral Activation and Inhibition System (BAS/BIS). The associations between HC subfield volumes including CA1, CA2/3, CA4/DG, SR-SL-SM, and subiculum, and behavioral scores were examined using multiple linear regression models adjusted for possible confounders, including age, sex, years of education, handedness, total intracranial volume (ICV), and HC volume. The use of emotional support, venting, and positive reframing coping strategies were significantly and positively correlated with total, total right, and total left HC volumes. Venting was significantly associated with CA1 after adjusting for age, sex, handedness, and education (P=0.001, B = 0.265, P-FDR = 0.005).No significant association was observed between CERQ subscales and HC subfieldvolumesafter controlling for confounders and multiple analyses. However,sensation-seeking subscale of the UPPS-P was positively correlated with total and right CA2-CA3 volumes after adjustments for age, sex, handedness, ICV, and HC volumes(P=0.002, B = 0.266, P-FDR = 0.035).BAS and BIS subscales did not showsignificant relationshipwith HC subfield volumes. Patterns ofHC subfieldsvolumes are associated with copingstrategies, impulsivity, and emotion regulation.In particular, using emotional support, positive reframing, venting, and sensation seeking aresignificantly associated with certain HC subfield volumes.These findings suggest that the hippocampus may play a crucial role in modulating emotional responses and behavioral adaptations, offering potential targets for therapeutic interventions.

Pengaruh Perilaku Impulsif Terhadap Kecenderungan Nomophobia Mahasiswa

Nomophobia or no mobile phone phobia is a person's excessive fear of being away from gadgets. One of the influencing factors is nomophobia, which is impulsive behavior. This study aims to examine the influence of impulsive behavior on nomophobic tendencies of students in the pastoral counseling study program at the Kupang State Christian Institute. This research uses quantitative methods. Data collection tools used an impulsive behavior scale using the Impulsiveness Scale Version 11 (BIS-11) and a nomophobia scale using the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q). The respondents in this study were 89 students in the pastoral counseling study program aged 19 -21 years at the Kupang State Christian Institute. The data analysis technique uses simple linear regression analysis. The results of this study prove that there is a positive and significant influence of impulsive behavior on nomophobic tendencies with an F value = 18.782 and a p value = 0.000 at R Square = 0.401. This means that the effective contribution of the impulsive behavior variable to the tendency to nomophobia is 40.1%, meaning that the higher the impulsive behavior, the greater the tendency to nomophobia.

Evaluating the factor structure and measurement invariance of the 20-item short version of the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale across multiple countries, languages, and gender identities.

The UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Model and the various psychometric instruments developed and validated based on this model are well established in clinical and research settings. However, evidence regarding the psychometric validity, reliability, and equivalence across multiple countries of residence, languages, or gender identities, including gender-diverse individuals, is lacking to date. Using data from the International Sex Survey (N = 82,243), confirmatory factor analyses and measurement invariance analyses were performed on the preestablished five-factor structure of the 20-item short version of the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale to examine whether (a) psychometric validity and reliability and (b) psychometric equivalence hold across 34 country-of-residence-related, 22 language-related, and three gender-identity-related groups. The results of the present study extend the latter psychometric instrument's well-established relevance to 26 countries, 13 languages, and three gender identities. Most notably, psychometric validity and reliability were evidenced across nine novel translations included in the present study (i.e., Croatian, English, German, Hebrew, Korean, Macedonian, Polish, Portuguese-Portugal, and Spanish-Latin American) and psychometric equivalence was evidenced across all three gender identities included in the present study (i.e., women, men, and gender-diverse individuals).

The impact of negative urgency on implicit mobile phone addiction tendency among college freshmen in the context of social exclusion.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of negative urgency on implicit mobile phone addiction tendency among college freshmen, and to observe whether social exclusion situations affect the relationship between negative urgency and implicit mobile phone addiction tendency. The UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale was used to screen 575 freshmen from a certain university. The experiment utilized a GO/NO-GO paradigm. Experiment 1 employed a 2 (negative urgency group: high negative urgency group, low negative urgency group) × 2 (word type: phone related words, phone non-related words) two-factor mixed experimental design. Experiment 2 employed a 2 (negative urgency group: high negative urgency group, low negative urgency group) × 2 (social exclusion type: priming group, non-priming group) × 2 (word type: phone related words, phone non-related words) three-factor mixed experimental design. Experiment 1 results showed a significant main effect of negative urgency group and a significant interaction effect between negative urgency group and word type. Experiment 2 results demonstrated a significant main effect of negative urgency group and a significant main effect of social exclusion type. There was a significant interaction effect between word type and social exclusion type, as well as between word type and negative urgency group. The three-way interaction effect among negative urgency group, word type, and social exclusion type was significant. College freshmen with high negative urgency exhibit a higher tendency toward implicit mobile phone addiction. In social exclusion situations, college freshmen show a higher tendency toward implicit smartphone addiction. Social exclusion situations and negative urgency jointly influence the implicit mobile phone addiction tendency of college freshmen.

Validation of the German long and short versions of the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale.

The UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale is a widely used self-report measure of impulsivity, but there is currently no validated German version that includes the Positive Urgency scale. We combined existing German translations of UPPS scales and included the Positive Urgency dimension to validate the UPPS-P in a sample of 399 participants. In addition, we developed a revised short version of the UPPS-P (SUPPS-P) with 20 items and conducted a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to verify the structure in an independent validation sample with 349 participants. To determine evidence of convergent and discriminant validity, we used measures of impulsivity, depression, anxiety, stress, problematic alcohol and substance use. CFA of the five factorial structure of the UPPS-P demonstrated acceptable fits and evidence of validity and reliability for the subscales. Psychometric characteristics of the SUPPS-P using the original item configuration were not satisfactory. As a result, we developed a revised German version of the SUPPS-P and confirmed the five-factor structure using a CFA in the validation sample. For the revised version, model fits and evidence of validity and internal consistencies were good. Associations with other constructs were as expected. For example, whereas Sensation Seeking was associated moderately with problematic alcohol use, lacking associations of Lack of Premeditation to internalizing symptoms showed evidence of discriminant validity. The German translations of both UPPS-P and SUPPS-P are valid tools for measuring impulsive behaviors. They are well-suited for exploring the associations between different facets of impulsivity and psychopathological phenomena.

Associations between behavioral and self-reported impulsivity, brain structure, and genetic influences in middle childhood

Impulsivity undergoes a normative developmental trajectory from childhood to adulthood and is thought to be driven by maturation of brain structure. However, few large-scale studies have assessed associations between impulsivity, brain structure, and genetic susceptibility in children. In 9112 children ages 9–10 from the ABCD study, we explored relationships among impulsivity (UPPS-P impulsive behavior scale; delay discounting), brain structure (cortical thickness (CT), cortical volume (CV), and cortical area (CA)), and polygenic scores for externalizing behavior (PGSEXT). Both higher UPPS-P total scores and more severe delay-discounting had widespread, low-magnitude associations with smaller CA in frontal and temporal regions. No associations were seen between impulsivity and CV or CT. Additionally, higher PGSEXT was associated with both higher UPPS-P scores and with smaller CA and CV in frontal and temporal regions, but in non-overlapping cortical regions, underscoring the complex interplay between genetics and brain structure in influencing impulsivity. These findings indicate that, within large-scale population data, CA is significantly yet weakly associated with each of these impulsivity measures and with polygenic risk for externalizing behaviors, but in distinct brain regions. Future work should longitudinally assess these associations through adolescence, and examine associated functional outcomes, such as future substance use and psychopathology.

Impulsivity, emotional disorders and cognitive distortions in the general population: highlighting general interaction profiles.

Cognitive distortions, defined as erroneous information-processing, are involved in the emergence and maintenance of various mental and emotional disorders, including anxiety and depression. On the other hand, several studies highlight the existence of links between these states and the dimensions of impulsivity. We therefore studied the links between cognitive distortions, anxiety and depressive symptomatology, and impulsivity. Two hundred and forty adults (aged 18-60years, 101 men, 139 women) completed the French version of the Impulsive Behavior Scale, the Cognitive Distortions Scale for Adults and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The results obtained highlight the existence of a cognitive distortion specific profile regarding the urgency dimension. Negative maximization, disqualification of the positive, negative-focused dichotomous reasoning, positive arbitrary focus, and neutral omission in favour of the negative are thus the distortions most associated with the level of urgency of subjects. The results also show, a moderating effect of the level of urgency on the interaction between anxiety and negative focused dichotomous reasoning. As well as on the interaction between depression and positive minimization, and between depression and positive maximization. The discussion of the results focuses on the interpretation of the data regarding the anxiety-depressive states in general population.

Latent Profile Analysis of Eating Disorders and Emotional Well-being in College Students

Abstract Background: University students face a unique combination of academic pressures, transitional life stages, and potential social isolation, which can contribute to the development of unhealthy eating patterns and emotional problems. Objectives: To explore the association between quality of life, emotional problems, and eating disorders (ED) among university students, using Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) to identify distinct eating profiles. Methods: This cross-sectional exploratory study involved a total of 1,798 university students from Brazil and Canada (mean age= 21.2; women = 78.4%). The instruments used included the Addiction-like Eating Behaviour Scale (AEBS), Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), WHOQOL-bref, Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (YFAS), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), and Impulsive Behavior Scale (UPPS-P). Results: The LPA, conducted based on the AEBS raw scores due to the absence of diagnostic criteria, identified three eating behavior profiles: Profile 1 with lower scores in AEBS and YFAS, indicating a healthy eating pattern; Profile 2 with high scores, reflecting eating compulsion; and Profile 3 with intermediate characteristics. Profile 2, associated with higher levels of anxiety, depression, and stress, showed a significantly reduced quality of life. No differences were detected regarding nationality, gender, type of university, or housing. Conclusion: The results highlight the complex relationships between eating behavior, mental health, and quality of life in university students, underscoring the need for targeted interventions to improve their well-being. Thus, ED and their consequent impact on mental health and quality of life are increasingly recognized as critical issues among university students, a group uniquely vulnerable to such challenges due to transitional life stages and academic pressures. Keywords: Latent Profile Analysis, Eating Disorders, University Students, Mental Health, Cross-Sectional Study.