Impulse Radio Ultra-wideband Sensor Research Articles

Machine Learning-Based Joint Vital Signs and Occupancy Detection With IR-UWB Sensor

This article proposes the machine learning (ML)-based joint vital signs (VSs) and occupancy detection (OD) with an impulse radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) sensor. Works that have been done on VS or OD development using an IR-UWB are related to how VS works. In the related experiments performed, the OD and state of individuals were not sufficiently verified, and the methods were computationally complex. Issues related to the use of ML for joint VS and OD (VSOD) have also not been studied in the literature. Extensive experimental scenarios involving the application of an ML-based classifier for human OD and VS classification, which we extended toward three sub-scenarios, were evaluated. We formulated a solution for VS estimation, which was aligned, so that each network input sequence received signal corresponding to respective VS over different scenarios. The performance of the proposal was evaluated with other competing ML-based classification algorithms. Compared with other techniques, our proposed deep neural network (DNN)-based classifier achieved the best results, and it also offers benefits over other algorithms, such as not needing to extract features from the data.

Accurate measurement of chest compression depth using impulse-radio ultra-wideband sensor on a mattress.

ObjectiveWe developed a new chest compression depth (CCD) measuring technology using radar and impulse-radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) sensor. This study was performed to determine its accuracy on a soft surface.MethodsFour trials, trial 1: chest compressions on the floor using an accelerometer device; trial 2: chest compressions on the floor using an IR-UWB sensor; trial 3: chest compressions on a foam mattress using an accelerometer device; trial 4: chest compressions on a foam mattress using an IR-UWB sensor, were performed in a random order. In all the trials, a cardiopulmonary resuscitation provider delivered 50 uninterrupted chest compressions to a manikin.ResultsThe CCD measured by the manikin and the device were as follows: 57.42 ± 2.23 and 53.92 ± 2.92 mm, respectively in trial 1 (p < 0.001); 56.29 ± 1.96 and 54.16 ± 3.90 mm, respectively in trial 2 (p < 0.001); 55.61 ± 1.57 and 103.48 ± 10.48 mm, respectively in trial 3 (p < 0.001); 57.14 ± 3.99 and 55.51 ± 3.39 mm, respectively in trial 4 (p = 0.012). The gaps between the CCD measured by the manikin and the devices (accelerometer device vs. IR-UWB sensor) on the floor were not different (3.50 ± 2.08 mm vs. 3.15 ± 2.27 mm, respectively, p = 0.136). However, the gaps were significantly different on the foam mattress (48.53 ± 5.65 mm vs. 4.10 ± 2.47 mm, p < 0.001).ConclusionThe IR-UWB sensor could measure the CCD accurately both on the floor and on the foam mattress.