Improved Information Systems Research Articles

Contextualizing Effective Use of Health Information Systems in Humanitarian Setting: The Role of Transparent Interaction

Humanitarian organizations strive for efficient and effective interventions, with information systems playing a crucial role. However, integrating data collection and processes within their operations remains a challenge. This paper examines the effective use of a Health Management Information System in a humanitarian context. Effective use aims at helping information systems contribute to the organisational objectives and holds promises to help improving information systems in this domain. The analysis uncovers obstacles related to system access and learning processes, suggesting that transparent interaction is vital for success. Transparent interaction is the first dimension in the Theory of Effective Use. Through contextualization, this paper defines effective use in humanitarian settings and evaluates the theoretical model's validity in this unique context. Drawing from concepts from the information systems body of theory, it contributes to the understanding of effective use by offering a contextualized model and a clear definition of transparent interaction, emphasizing its significance.

The Influence of E-Service Quality on Improving the Performance of The UKT Information System Mediated by Perceived Ease of Use at Palangka Raya University

Research in the field of marketing management that leads to practices and policies in technology-based service systems in improving performance. Transparency in payment of educational fees and information is very important with digital information systems. The research was conducted at Palangka Raya University, Central Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. The role of perceived ease of use is also very supportive for people to obtain and use educational fee payment applications. This type of quantitative research uses a questionnaire of 100 respondents in the community who have used e-services, and analyzed using SEM PLS 4.0. The research results show the significant performance of a single tuition information system as information in paying education and fees. Furthermore, the results show that it is very important to manage information systems with a perceived ease of use digital policy. So the implications of these results are to improve information system performance by increasing e-service quality and perceived ease of use at universities

Global Perspectives on Innovations in Emergency Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed Methods Study.

In mid-2020, the Emergency Medicine Education and Research by Global Experts (EMERGE) network surveyed the emergency response to the COVID-19 pandemic. We demonstrated that innovative measures were being generated at unprecedented rates. Our aim was to build on these findings to develop the first theoretical model with utility in assessing and developing emergency innovations. Phase 1 of a two-phase, explanatory sequential mixed methods study was a secondary analysis of the original EMERGE survey. Phase 2 involved follow-up interviews of a purposeful sample of 15 of the original survey respondents, representing 12 countries and all 6 World Health Organization regions. Thematic analysis was performed by three members of the research team. Innovation is a nonlinear process in which ideas are developed, implemented, refined, and spread. Ideas grew from departmental needs or the spread of successful innovations from other sites. Development was highly localized, influenced by institutional and regional factors. Obtaining buy-in from relevant stakeholders and addressing various barriers were essential to implementation. The majority of innovations then underwent a process of evolution before some were spread to other institutions through a largely unidirectional flow of information. This study proposes the first model for emergency innovation processes and highlights multiple areas for improvement. Understanding how to prioritize departmental needs and the barriers may streamline development and implementation. Furthermore, the apparent unidirectional flow of information demonstrated by our participants suggests both an opportunity and a need for improved information systems. We present a framework for further research and an outline for innovation management.

Strengthening organizational capacity in Kenya, Malawi, and South Sudan

This reports on a US-AID-funded project which engages faith-based organizations to strengthen their organizational capacity as they implement reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health grant activities. Implementing partners in Kenya, Malawi, and South Sudan completed the self-administered Organization Capacity Assessment and created corresponding action plans based on the assessment results. Each organization completed the priority activities that they identified in their action plans; strengthening staff capacity, sharpening monitoring and evaluation systems; and improving information systems. We conclude that grantmakers’ investment in strengthening the organizational capacity of their implementing partners results in the grantees having improved internal systems and being better positioned to obtain and execute future grant opportunities.

Updated Theory and New Evidence on the Effect of Information System Precision on Managerial Reporting

ABSTRACT Information asymmetry is fundamental to participative budgeting. Hannan, Rankin, and Towry (2006, “HRT”) develop a nuanced theory regarding the effect of information asymmetry on slack. The authors provide evidence that suggests increasing the precision of a superior’s information system, thereby reducing information asymmetry, can increase slack. We develop a refined version of HRT’s theory by incorporating evidence of how nonpecuniary incentives affect subordinates’ reporting slack from research subsequent to HRT. Our updated theory predicts that slack decreases as information system precision increases, opposite to the results in HRT. To test our refined theory, we replicate HRT’s experiment and find results consistent with our theory. Our results support HRT’s general theory but highlight the importance of establishing regularities of how nonpecuniary incentives affect behavior in accounting. Specifically, our updated theory and new evidence suggest that improving information system precision decreases budgetary slack, contrary to the results suggested in HRT. Data Availability: Data are available from the authors upon request. JEL Classifications: D82; M41; M52.

ПРИНЦИПИ ФОРМУВАННЯ І РОЗВИТКУ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНИХ СИСТЕМ У ТОРГОВЕЛЬНОМУ ПІДПРИЄМНИЦТВІ

In the modern retail sector, there is a constant development of information systems aimed at meeting customer needs and increasing business efficiency. Recent trends include widespread use of mobile applications, which streamline the purchasing process by providing customers with convenient tools for browsing inventory, placing orders, and making payments directly through smartphones. This responds to the growing demand for mobile shopping among consumers. Overall, information systems in the retail sector continue to evolve, adapting to changes in technologies and consumer demand, allowing businesses to remain competitive and successful in the market. The article argues that the formation and development of information systems in retail entrepreneurship are driven by nine key principles. These principles include automation of business processes, integration and interaction, analytics and reporting, information security, mobility, continuous development, collaboration with suppliers and customers, trend monitoring, and user support. It is demonstrated that understanding the relationships between these principles plays a crucial role in successful planning, development, and implementation of information systems in retail enterprises. Possessing this information enables achieving an optimal level of coordination, efficiency, and security in managing information resources, enhancing competitiveness, and customer service quality. Such an approach is critically important in the modern business environment, where information technologies play a decisive role in the success of enterprises. Understanding the relationships between principles helps companies implement innovations aimed at improving information systems to effectively respond to changes in the business and market requirements. This deep insight promotes productivity growth, risk reduction, and competitiveness enhancement. Therefore, understanding and mastering information about the relationships between the principles of formation and development of information systems are crucial for achieving a successful information strategy in retail enterprises.

A Security Resilience Metric Framework Based on the Evolution of Attack and Defense Scenarios

The frequent attacks show that no information system is absolutely safe and the security capabilities are relative. Security resilience becomes a complementary priority for improving information systems’ continuous service and security capabilities in the face of attacks such as unknown vulnerabilities and backdoors. Endogenous security defense technology has become an important research aspect to improve the security resilience of information systems. However, there are some limitations in the research of the information system security resilience evaluation model, such as lacking indexes to characterize the system security resilience under an attack environment. In this paper, a security resilience enhancement strategy based on dynamic defense is constructed to improve the security performance of the system through IP port hopping and attack surface conversion. For the adversarial behaviors of attackers and defenders, we propose a security resilience metric framework based on the evolution of attack and defense scenarios, which is evaluated using a resilient security evaluation model based on the fuzzy Choquet integral. In the model, the weights of evaluation indicators are calculated based on the DEMATEL method. The 2-addable fuzzy measures of each indicator are calculated secondarily. Then the security performance of the system is calculated using the fuzzy Choquet integral. Absorptive capacity, adaptive capacity, and resilience factor are proposed to better supervise the metric framework’s validity. Finally, four groups of control cases were created by building the Web service system after the endogenous security transformation as the experimental simulation scenario. Experimental simulation results show the superiority of the proposed metric model.

Digital Technologies Are a Strong Basis for Improving the Statistical Activities of the Republic of Uzbekistan

Purpose of the study. The main purpose of this article is to identify the main directions, means and methods of applying digital technological solutions in the static activities of the Republic of Uzbekistan and develop new recommendations for further improvement of this area of the national economy in the context of digital transformation of the world economic system.Materials and methods. When writing this article, the authors used the methods of system analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, methods of working with computer networks, digital services and platforms, special methods and tools necessary for working with a statistical information system, statistical, optimization and software methods for working with the portal of the Agency of Statistics under the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan.Results. The authors of the article studied modern scientific and practical approaches to the effective use of digital technological solutions in the field of statistics, both on a global scale and in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Based on the conducted research, the authors concluded that in order to improve the national statistical system of the Republic of Uzbekistan, it is necessary to widely use advanced technological solutions using a full range of digital mechanisms, including innovative approaches to automating the processes of collecting and processing statistical information, creating the possibility of searching and obtaining statistical and analytical data in an interactive form for short periods of time, organizing interaction between statistical bodies and other ministries and departments of the country.The authors of the paper also noted that all processes for the effective introduction of digital technologies in the statistical sphere are carried out within the framework of the «Digital Uzbekistan – 2030» strategy and in accordance with the decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan. In particular, the Agency of Statistics under the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan was entrusted with certain tasks, such as improving information systems for storing, processing and presenting statistical data, platforms for the unified state register of enterprises and organizations, as well as automating population registration processes. As part of the implementation of these tasks, a lot of work is being done to in-depth study of new areas and modern technologies in the field of the digital economy and e-government for their implementation in statistical activities.Conclusion. Modern world trends in the effective implementation of digital technologies in the processes of collecting, processing, transmitting and storing information in various sectors and areas of the world economy are also firmly included in the sphere of statistical activity of the Republic of Uzbekistan. As practice shows, at present, digital web services, software systems, information systems based on the use of digital devices and technologies are already operating in the field of statistics of Uzbekistan. But, along with the already existing achievements in the application of digital solutions in the field of statistics of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the methodology for the effective use of digital mechanisms and the organization of interdepartmental information interaction is being improved in order to enhance the quality of information exchange of data to develop optimal management decisions and increase the competitiveness of the national economy of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

Reliability and Validity Analysis of the Korean Version of the Affinity for Technology Interaction Scale.

This study aimed to translate the affinity for technology interaction (ATI) scale into Korean and examine its validity and reliability to measure nurses' interactions and affinity with digital healthcare. Data from 154 nurses employed by general hospitals were analyzed. This developmental and psychometrical evaluation of the ATI scale included a translation, a pilot test, and psychometric properties. Concurrent validity, content validity, construct validity, and reliability testing were completed. The corrected item-total correlation was below the standard of 0.3, and the content validity index was >0.8. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin and Bartlett sphericity test values were 0.81 and Χ2 = 496.25 (p < 0.001), respectively. The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) result was extracted as two factors, with an overall variance of 60.52%. The correlation between the ATI scale and the Quality Improvement Information System acceptance tool was examined to confirm concurrent validity and showed a significant correlation. Cronbach's α was 0.75, indicating adequate reliability. ATI's internal, construct, and concurrent validity demonstrated its suitability as a tool. Therefore, assessing nurses' information and communication technology proficiency and developing strategies for boosting it would be possible.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: ESSENCE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS

Problem statement. We live in an era of rapid technological development. Technologies capable of processing a lot of information. Therefore, there is a problem of improving information systems that allow processing information using modern computer technologies. Technologies capable of reproducing the thought processes of the human brain and directing them to the creation and processing of various computer programs, as well as intelligent machines that will completely replace and simplify human work. Namely, the application of artificial intelligence technologies. The purpose of the article is to determine the prerequisites for the emergence of artificial intelligence technologies, consider the advantages and debatable issues regarding the areas of application and limitations of artificial intelligence technologies in everyday human life. Conclusions. Artificial intelligence is one of the most important branches of modern technology. This industry is very young, but the pace of its development is striking every year. It is an integral part of the development of technology in the future and is able to open up new opportunities in many areas of society. Artificial intelligence technologies greatly simplify human work and lead to the development of human activity. The main thing is that technology does not completely replace a person, but only helps to perform complex functions. So, humanity has encountered a technology that radically changes the world. Artificial intelligence gives a person additional opportunity, and makes him more knowledgeable and responsible. As Nick Bostrom noted in his book “Artificial Intelligence. Stages. Threats Strategies” − about the inevitability of the development of both artificial and human intelligence. But in what direction will this development be directed. Will there be a balance between benefits and risks, or is it a leap into an unknown future. However, we must remember that today we are at the beginning of what artificial intelligence can achieve.

Ancaman dan Langkah Pengamanan Sistem Informasi Menggunakan Metode Systematic Literature Review

This research aims to analyze security threats that occur in information systems and ways to overcome them. The method used in this research is Systematic Literature Review, where articles related to security threats in information systems are collected and analyzed qualitatively. The results show that there are various kinds of security threats in information systems, such as hacking, sabotage, espionage, and others. These threats can damage data, steal information, or disrupt system integrity. To overcome these threats, prevention and treatment efforts are needed. Prevention is done to prevent damage, loss, or theft of data, while treatment is done if data has already been attacked. Some ways to improve information system security include improving HR knowledge related to cyber threats, implementing readiness certification, and adopting security domains from other countries. Mapping the types of cyberattacks and selecting appropriate security technologies are also important. Some other efforts include regular operating system updates, applying encryption to data, controlling access, using firewall technology, and implementing standard operating procedures (SOPs) and privacy policies. This research can serve as a guide in developing effective policies and measures in maintaining information system security.

Everyday life information seeking behavior of transgender people in Pakistan

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the everyday life information seeking behavior of transgender people in Pakistan.Design/methodology/approachA quantitative study, based on a survey design, was conducted to explore the everyday information needs of transgender people along with the types and frequency of using information sources. This study further explored the barriers to seeking everyday life information. Data were collected from 378 transgender people from Pakistan.FindingsMusic related information was the most important daily life information need and television appeared as one of the primary information sources frequently consulted by the transgender people. The respondents revealed a variety of challenges in accessing information including lack of education, lack of understanding about available information sources, biased treatment by the public and lack of technological skills. Furthermore, a statistically significant difference was found in everyday information needs and sources consulted on the basis of their age and education.Originality/valueThe findings provide a guideline to educate information providers, government agencies and other stakeholders about the information needs of this marginalized community in Pakistan. This study also suggests ways in which stakeholder may improve information systems and services to better assist transgender people.

Antimicrobial consumption in food-producing animals in Thailand between 2017 and 2019: The analysis of national importation and production data.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) threatens health security and the economy worldwide. AMR bacteria can spread across humans, animals, food webs and the environment. Excessive use of antimicrobials in food-producing animals has been recognised as one of the main drivers of the emergence of resistant bacteria. This study aims to quantify and identify patterns of antimicrobial consumption in food-producing animals in Thailand in a three-year period (2017-2019). Milligrams of active ingredient from total volume of imported and locally manufactured products minus exports were obtained from Thai FDA. Annual population production of food-producing animals in 2017, 2018 and 2019 was compiled and validated through cooperation between the Department of Livestock Development (DLD), Department of Fisheries (DOF). The total amount of antimicrobial consumption for food-producing animals decreased 49.0% over the three-year period from 658.7 mg/PCUThailand in 2017 to 336.3 mg/PCUThailand in 2019. In 2017, the most common antimicrobials used was macrolides which was replaced by aminopenicillins and pleuromutilins in 2019, while tetracyclines was consistently common over the three-year period. Consumption of the WHO Critically Important Antimicrobials (CIA) group declined significantly over this period, from 259.0 in 2017 to 193.2 mg/PCUThailand in 2019 (a 25.4% reduction). Findings from this study were in line with national policies which curtails prudent use of antimicrobials in food-producing animals. The government should maintain the decreasing trend of consumption, in particular of the CIA category. Improving information systems which captures consumption by specific species contributes to precision of interventions to minimise prudent use in each species.

Examining the effect of different knowledge aspects on information security awareness

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the different aspects of knowledge and how they associate with information security awareness (ISA). The paper also explores how ISA differs based on demographic characteristics.Design/methodology/approachSurvey data was collected from 609 respondents in Malaysia.FindingsThe results show that increasing access to informal, multimedia learning mediums, declarative, schematic and strategic knowledge positively impacts an individual's ISA, whereas textual learning medium decreases the ISA. Respondents with different education levels significantly prefer different types of knowledge. Males learn better for ISA with schematic and strategic knowledge compared to females.Practical implicationsThe research provides implications for governments and organizations in designing effective ISA campaigns.Originality/valueStudies show that ISA is crucial in improving information systems policy compliance behavior. The literature has examined various topics ranging from the factors influencing the ISA to how ISA impacts information security behavior. However, there is a lack of study on how different aspects of knowledge impact ISA. This study identified various knowledge aspects from the literature and grouped them into the source, type of knowledge, emotion toward knowledge and learning medium.

Implementation Of Blockchain Technology In Improving Information System Security

The purpose of this research is to analyse the implementation of blockchain technology in improving information system security. The research method used is a literature study by collecting information from various relevant primary and secondary sources. The results of this study show that blockchain technology has strong potential to strengthen information system security through its unique characteristics, such as decentralisation, transparency, and high cryptographic security. While analysing various existing studies, it was found that by implementing blockchain technology in information systems, user satisfaction may increase due to better auditability. However, careful attention is also needed to the weaknesses and challenges associated with blockchain technology, such as scalability, efficiency, and privacy. In conclusion, the use of blockchain technology in information systems can provide significant benefits in improving security. However, comprehensive measures should be taken to address issues and adapt this technology to the specific context and existing regulations.

Widen your vision: from technical accessibility to semantic intelligibility of information

Access to information and digital services is a fundamental right. To this end, websites and digital services must be designed in accordance with international technical standards, in particular the guidelines for the accessibility of Internet pages issued by the World Wide Web Consortium and, in addition, with national technical standards. However, people with disabilities are still at great risk of digital exclusion. Thus, our research is interested in examining (1) to what extent do technical standards support people with visual impairments (PVI) to overcome the digital divide, and (2) to what extent the digital information of an electronic state voting system is understood by PVI. To answer these research questions, we combined an interpretive literature review with a bibliometric analysis and conducted a three cycles action research in the context of an electronic state voting system in Switzerland. Inspired by the communication theory of Shannon and Weaver, our results show that to bridge the digital divide for PVI, it is necessary to improve (1) the technical accessibility of information and (2) the semantic intelligibility of information. Considering the comments of PVI on semantic intelligibility of information helps to improve information systems (IS) and to overcome the digital divide. IS designers and coders must rely on ex ante standards during development.

Regulation of quantum communications in the “smart city” information system

Different countries are creating and improving information systems that increase the efficiency of city management. Their research takes place within the concept of a smart city. The article considers the formation of this concept in the Russian Federation and its evolution abroad. Information systems “smart city” involve the transfer of a significant amount of data, protected by the methods of classical cryptography, through communication lines. The level of development of quantum technologies allowed us to conclude that this method of information security will not be effective in the medium term. Smart city systems have already lost their cryptographic strength for retrospective attacks. The article analyzes data protection options for information system smart city under quantum threat conditions. Based on the classification of city services, the authors propose a differentiated approach to information security, combining post-quantum cryptography and quantum communication technologies. This will allow the optimal use of public resources and create a smart city information system resistant to quantum computer attacks. We completed this article within the Governmental Assignment: “Russian Legal System in the Realities of Digital Transformation of Society and State: Adaptation and Prospects for Responding to Modern Challenges and Threats (FSMW-2023-0006)”. Registration number: 1022040700002-6-5.5.1.

Improving Information Systems Sustainability by Applying Machine Learning to Detect and Reduce Data Waste

Big data are key building blocks for creating information value. However, information systems are increasingly plagued with useless, waste data that can impede their effective use and threaten sustainability objectives. Using a constructive design science approach, this work first, defines digital data waste. Then, it develops an ensemble artifact comprising two components. The first component comprises 13 machine learning models for detecting data waste. Applying these to 35,576 online reviews in two domains reveals data waste of 1.9% for restaurant reviews compared to 35.8% for app reviews. Machine learning can accurately identify 83% to 99.8% of data waste; deep learning models are particularly promising, with accuracy ranging from 96.4% to 99.8%. The second component comprises a sustainability cost calculator to quantify the social, economic, and environmental benefits of reducing data waste. Eliminating 5948 useless reviews in the sample would result in saving 6.9 person hours, $2.93 in server, middleware and client costs, and 9.52 kg of carbon emissions. Extrapolating these results to reviews on the internet shows substantially greater savings. This work contributes to design knowledge relating to sustainable information systems by highlighting the new class of problem of data waste and by designing approaches for addressing this problem.

Will Time Matter with Cognitive Load and Retention in Online News Consumption?

The production and consumption of online news are usually under a bursty temporal pattern. However, little is known about the psychological and cognitive impacts of such bursty consumption of online news. The study employs a 2 (filled-interval length) × 2 (empty-interval length) × 2 (empty-interval burstiness) mixed design experiment to examine how temporal characteristics in online news consumption influence audiences’ cognition and retention. Specifically, three temporal characteristics in online news consumption—filled-interval length, empty-interval length, and empty-interval burstiness—are controlled in the experiment. We instructed fifty-two participants to read a sequence of health-related news posts under various temporal settings while tracking their eye movements. The results showed that (1) empty-interval length increased retention, (2) empty-interval burstiness increased retention but did not have a main effect on cognitive load, and (3) filled-interval length, empty-interval length, and burstiness jointly influence cognitive overload and retention level. The study highlights the holistic perspective in considering the information exposure effect, thus revealing the complex relationship between temporal information characteristics and cognitive reactions and offering empirical suggestions to improve information system design.

A Model-Driven IS 4.0 Development Framework for Railway Supply Chain

Railway Industry (RI) in Malaysia possess below-average Information System (IS) skills and seldom use the IS for decision making at their operation level while they likewise discover digital transformation adaption is crucial and hence RI in Malaysia are in the slow mass of adapter classification. Perceiving the significant task of IS to RI in the economy, the government is resolved to assist and support the improvement of IS to guarantee their sustainability and competitiveness. IS framework being significant because it set up the computerized industry, lively digital, who can structure with simple to utilize and basic dynamic interaction. The present IS model utilized in Malaysia depends on the knowledge and experience of the specialist like system developers and academicians. The maximum of these IS models to identify the visual view of performance in RI are precise and are not strategized toward railway utilize and do not give prescriptive evaluation. The issue is no transition development and the absence of industry capacity to do the transition phases. This research focuses on the technology parameters influencing the adaption of IS to assist decision-makers, administrative bodies, and IS analysis to approach the advantages of its continued and expected improvement in the RI.