Capacity Building Improvement Research Articles

How do storm surge disaster losses affect economic development?: Perspectives from disaster prevention and mitigation capacity

Storm surge disasters have caused devastating losses to coastal areas, making disaster prevention and mitigation capacity (DPMC) critical in promoting high-quality and sustainable economic development. In this paper, the systematic construction of a comprehensive index of storm surge disaster losses (SSDLs) and DPMC in China is described respectively. Then, panel fixed effect and threshold models are established to explore the relationship between SSDLs and economic growth, in particular, the moderating effect of DPMC. Our results reveal that, from 2006 to 2019, SSDLs exhibit an inverted N-shaped trend, with losses gradually decreasing from south to north. DPMC has been increasing but has visible spatial differences. Notably, SSDLs have a significant negative impact on economic development in China's coastal areas, however, DPMC can play an effective role in mitigating and regulating these negative shocks. With the continuous improvement of China's disaster prevention and mitigation system, SSDLs can be largely offset. Heterogeneity analysis shows that DPMC is most effective in the sample with a high SSDL, low DPMC, and in the southern marine economic circle in China. Further, the robustness tests are ensured by replacing measurement method, replacing GDP per capita with night-time lighting data, and replacing econometric models. Importantly, our study highlights the crucial non-linear role of DPMC in reducing the losses caused by storm surge disasters and promoting sustainable economic development. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers to improve capacity building and subjectivity, regional cooperation and ensure the economic resilience of coastal areas in the face of storm surge disasters.

Peran Kepala Desa dalam Mewujudkan Pembangunan Desa yang Berkelanjutan: Sebuah Studi Literatur Kasus-kasus di Indonesia

The purpose of this study is to analyze the important role of village heads in achieving sustainable village development in Indonesia. The study employs a qualitative research approach, utilizing a literature review method to explore and synthesize various studies, articles, journals, and reports related to the village heads' roles. The data collection was conducted through a systematic literature search using relevant keywords such as "village head role," "sustainable village development," "community participation," "local resource management," "village-owned enterprises (BUMDes)," and "SDGs in villages." The gathered data were then analyzed using thematic analysis to identify key themes related to the village heads' roles in managing development, encouraging community participation, and implementing sustainable development policies. The study concludes that village heads play a multifaceted role in planning and managing village development, facilitating community participation, and ensuring transparent and accountable management of village funds. However, challenges remain, particularly in terms of corruption risks and equitable community participation. The findings emphasize the need for improved capacity building for village heads and stronger support from the government to achieve sustainable development goals at the village level.

Evaluating the World Health Organization's SkinNTDs App as a Training Tool for Skin Neglected Tropical Diseases in Ghana and Kenya: Cross-Sectional Study.

Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) affect over 1.5 billion people worldwide, primarily impoverished populations in low- and middle-income countries. Skin NTDs, a significant subgroup, manifest primarily as skin lesions and require extensive diagnosis and treatment resources, including trained personnel and financial backing. The World Health Organization has introduced the SkinNTDs app, a mobile health tool designed to train and be used as a decision support tool for frontline health care workers. As most digital health guidelines prioritize the thorough evaluation of mobile health interventions, it is essential to conduct a rigorous and validated assessment of this app. This study aims to assess the usability and user experience of World Health Organization SkinNTDs app (version 3) as a capacity-building tool and decision-support tool for frontline health care workers. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Ghana and Kenya. Frontline health care workers dealing with skin NTDs were recruited through snowball sampling. They used the SkinNTDs app for at least 5 days before completing a web-based survey containing demographic variables and the user version of the Mobile Application Rating Scale (uMARS), a validated scale for assessing health apps. A smaller group of participants took part in semistructured interviews and one focus group. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS with a 95% CI and P≤.05 for statistical significance and qualitative data using ATLAS.ti to identify attributes, cluster themes, and code various dimensions that were explored. Overall, 60 participants participated in the quantitative phase and 17 in the qualitative phase. The SkinNTDs app scored highly on the uMARS questionnaire, with an app quality mean score of 4.02 (SD 0.47) of 5, a subjective quality score of 3.82 (SD 0.61) of 5, and a perceived impact of 4.47 (SD 0.56) of 5. There was no significant association between the app quality mean score and any of the categorical variables examined, according to Pearson correlation analysis; app quality mean score vs age (P=.37), sex (P=.70), type of health worker (P=.35), country (P=.94), work context (P=.17), frequency of dealing with skin NTDs (P=.09), and dermatology experience (P=.63). Qualitative results echoed the quantitative outcomes, highlighting the ease of use, the offline functionality, and the potential utility for frontline health care workers in remote and resource-constrained settings. Areas for improvement were identified, such as enhancing the signs and symptoms section. The SkinNTDs app demonstrates notable usability and user-friendliness. The results indicate that the app could play a crucial role in improving capacity building of frontline health care workers dealing with skin NTDs. It could be improved in the future by including new features such as epidemiological context and direct contact with experts. The possibility of using the app as a diagnostic tool should be considered. RR2-10.2196/39393.

Using IUCN Best Practice Principles to Evaluate National Park Management: A Zambia Case Study

Over the last three decades, a series of best practice principles have been advanced by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) to guide national park management policy and practice. This study investigates how these best practice principles have informed the management of Zambia’s national parks. We performed qualitative and quantitative thematic content analysis on 23 park management documents and found that, for the most part, the reported performance of Zambia’s national parks is not well aligned with IUCN best practice principles. We argue that improved alignment with IUCN principles can provide a realistic and positive foundation to increase opportunities for national parks to meet their local and international conservation goals. Improved data collection, along with meaningful public access to information will enhance decision making and public participation in national park management. Strengthened public participation will ensure consideration of multiple perspectives and adoption of processes that enable national park authorities to address conservation challenges that span socio-ecological boundaries. Improved capacity building will provide the necessary technical skills and knowledge to ensure effective coordination and implementation. The results show that park management plans are duly submitted with little expectation of implementing them. More often than not, performance reality does not match policy rhetoric. The study highlights the urgent need for national park management to articulate clear goals and action steps with mechanisms to implement them.

Healthcare professionals’ intention to adopt mobile phone-based SMS and its predictors for adherence support and care of TB patients in a resource-limited setting: a structural equation modelling analysis

ObjectiveTo assess healthcare providers’ intentions and the associated factors to use mobile phone-based short message service (SMS) to support adherence and care of tuberculosis (TB) patients in the Oromia region...

A Quantitative Study on the Factors Influencing Implementation of Cybersecurity Laws and Regulations in Pakistan

The phenomenon of law implementation has received limited attention, despite the clear evidence that it is influenced by various factors prevalent in the country, and these factors can have an impact on and obstruct the effective implementation of legislation. The primary objective of this study was to analyze the critical factors that impact the implementation of cybersecurity laws in developing nations, such as Pakistan. The prevalence of corruption, a major hindrance to the implementation of cybersecurity laws and regulations, emerged as the most influential factor in Pakistan. Additionally, factors such as discrimination, illicit conduct, expertise, ambiguity, and public confidence significantly influenced the implementation of cybersecurity laws in Pakistan. A survey was conducted among managers from banking and IT firms to collect data samples on the factors that could potentially impact the implementation of the law. The findings from a sample of 172 respondents revealed that corruption, discrimination, illicit conduct, and ambiguity appeared to have a significant negative influence on cybersecurity law implementation, whereas expertise and public confidence emerged to have a significant positive influence on the implementation of cybersecurity laws in Pakistan. This study suggests that the government of Pakistan should consider various measures such as providing training, improving capacity building, fostering institutional cooperation, strengthening legislative conviction, and promoting global collaborations to enhance the implementation of cybersecurity.

Are trained family planning service providers competent? analyzing the results of diagnostic workshops to improve capacity building in family planning

Are trained family planning service providers competent? analyzing the results of diagnostic workshops to improve capacity building in family planning

An overdue catalyst: Limitations imposed by COVID-19 improved capacity building in community-led environmental education in Madagascar.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus brought many primatology research programs and conservation efforts to a halt. After Madagascar closed its borders during March 2020, many on-site international project leaders and researchers returned to their home countries when their programs were delayed or canceled. Madagascar remained closed to travelers until November 2021, when it reopened to international flights. The 20-month absence of international researchers allowed many local Malagasy program staff, wildlife professionals, and community leaders to step into new leadership roles and responsibilities. Many programs that already had strong Malagasy leadership and meaningful collaborations with local communities flourished, while others either swiftly strengthened these attributes or faced challenges from pandemic-related travel restrictions. Here, we describe how the coronavirus pandemic events of 2020-2021 initiated long-overdue shifts in outdated models of internationally led primate research and education projects in communities living alongside primates at risk of extinction. We discuss the benefits and challenges of pandemic-induced changes within five primatological outreach projects, as well as how we can use these experiences to improve community-led environmental education and conservation awareness in the future.

Capacity Building for Effective Services Delivery of Library Staff in Festus Aghagbo Nwako Library (FANL), Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka

The study surveyed capacity building for effective service delivery of library staff in Festus Aghagbo Nwako library (FANL), Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. It adopted a case study research design. Five research questions and five purposes of study, guided the research. The population of the study was made up of 107 library staff. Total enumeration technique was used so there was no sampling. The instrument for data collection was questionnaire titled “Capacity Building for Effective Service Delivery Questionnaire (CBFESDQ)”. Out of the 107 questionnaires administered 90(84.1) were returned and found useful for analysis. Data was analysed using frequencies, percentages and mean scores. The findings of the study revealed that the methods used in capacity building in FANL were job rotation (72%), coaching (77%), seminars (87%) and workshops (91%). It also found that the contents of capacity building programs that enhance library staff services delivery were training on OPAC, SDI, manual/ online cataloguing, library management, readers’ services, ICTs in libraries, digitalization of library resources, current awareness services and institutional repository management. The study revealed that that the capacity building influenced services delivery to a high extent(3.44). It also found that the problems associated with capacity building of library staff are financial problem, insufficient administrative commitment and absence of capacity building policy or framework. Finally, the study found that the strategies for improving capacity building of library staff for effective service delivery are proper funding, improved administrative commitment and provision and implementation of capacity building policy. The study recommended that the university library management should improve on the capacity building Programme for their staff to enable them acquire new skills for effective service delivery.

Oceans of plenty? Challenges, advancements, and future directions for the provision of evidence-based fisheries management advice.

Marine population modeling, which underpins the scientific advice to support fisheries interventions, is an active research field with recent advancements to address modern challenges (e.g., climate change) and enduring issues (e.g., data limitations). Based on discussions during the ‘Land of Plenty’ session at the 2021 World Fisheries Congress, we synthesize current challenges, recent advances, and interdisciplinary developments in biological fisheries models (i.e., data-limited, stock assessment, spatial, ecosystem, and climate), management strategy evaluation, and the scientific advice that bridges the science-policy interface. Our review demonstrates that proliferation of interdisciplinary research teams and enhanced data collection protocols have enabled increased integration of spatiotemporal, ecosystem, and socioeconomic dimensions in many fisheries models. However, not all management systems have the resources to implement model-based advice, while protocols for sharing confidential data are lacking and impeding research advances. We recommend that management and modeling frameworks continue to adopt participatory co-management approaches that emphasize wider inclusion of local knowledge and stakeholder input to fill knowledge gaps and promote information sharing. Moreover, fisheries management, by which we mean the end-to-end process of data collection, scientific analysis, and implementation of evidence-informed management actions, must integrate improved communication, engagement, and capacity building, while incorporating feedback loops at each stage. Increasing application of management strategy evaluation is viewed as a critical unifying component, which will bridge fisheries modeling disciplines, aid management decision-making, and better incorporate the array of stakeholders, thereby leading to a more proactive, pragmatic, transparent, and inclusive management framework–ensuring better informed decisions in an uncertain world.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11160-022-09726-7.

Livelihood Resilience Perception: Gender Equalisation of Resettlers from Rural Reservoirs—Empirical Evidence from China

Hydropower engineering has brought unprecedented benefits to the world while causing massive displacement of people. Since the implementation of the Post-Relocation Support (PReS) policy for reservoir resettlers in China in 2006, the distribution of perceived livelihood resilience by gender of resettlers has gradually become more equal. Based on data from a survey of rural reservoir resettlers’ livelihoods in nine regions of Guizhou Province, China, this data examines the distribution of resettlers’ perceived livelihood resilience across genders using logit regression and then explores the contribution to gender equality. The empirical results show that, unlike previous studies, household economic conditions do not bring about more gender differences in perceived livelihood resilience among resettlers (gender contribution ratio = 1.12). Gender differences in perceived livelihood resilience among resettlers were influenced by household workforce levels (e.g., gender contribution ratio = 1.23 at high workforce levels), education level (e.g., contribution ratio = 1.87 in primary education), and resettlement methods (e.g., contribution ratio = 4.53 at external resettlement). The implementation of the PReS policy also contributes to the gender equality of these resettlers’ perceived livelihood resilience. For rural resettlers in different regions with different livelihoods, resettlement patterns, capital, and gender differences of resettlers should be understood through different livelihood resilience perspectives. Improving capacity building of resettlers’ livelihoods resilience through site-specific, participatory development and resource interoperability to promote high quality, sustainable and simultaneous development in resettlement areas and reservoirs.

Redefining Role of Stakeholders in Restoring Hydrological Function and Conservation of Biodiversity of Nipa-Nipa Grand Forest Park, Southeast Sulawesi

The Nipa-Nipa Grand Forest Park is a conservation forest area in Southeast Sulawesi. This park has potency of hydrological function and serves as the lungs of Kendari City. Its existence is currently used by residents for agriculture, clean water sources, settlements, and tourism without proper regulation and supervision. Therefore, it has potentially caused monopoly, unilateral control, and conflicts. In line with that, the lack of awareness and initiative from the community and stakeholders in maintaining the sustainability of the Nipa-Nipa Forest triggers uncontrollable damage. This study aims to restore hydrological function and conservation of the Nipa-Nipa by redefining role of stakeholders involved in its governance by using the Participatory Action Research (PAR). This method’s actions consist of participatory mapping, planning, and agreements. The outputs of this approach were an increase of community participation in Nipa-Nipa management, the improved capacity building of Forest Conservation Farmers Groups (KTPH), the enactment of new regulations of the implementation of the Nipa-Nipa Forest Park, and the ratification of the MoU between the Farmers Group (KTPH) and the Nipa-Nipa Forest Management Unit (UPTD). The results of this study were developing a strategy for a better governance system, involving stakeholders in decision making, developing equal and harmonious government-community relations, and developing land-use planning that meets environmental conservation, and small sustainable business development.

WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE: IMPLICATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE USE ON KARST TERRAIN

The scarcity of freshwater is a critical issue that continuously is considered to be important around the world. The availability of freshwater steadily decreases because of growing population, high water demand and global climate change. Underground streams water and aquifers within karst terrain is assessed as an substantial factor of water supply systems in karst areas, and in the case that is assessed in this paper as well. Therefore, water management on karst area is essential to solve water deficiency problems, particularly during dry season. In this paper, management of karst spring water is discussed based on some cases from Citatah karst. Management of spring water is the main object of this paper that use mix method design, incorporating a qualitative and a quantitative approach. Result showed that inadequate human resource, infrastructure, database system; lack assertiveness, supervision and instrument of rules implementation; and low level of awareness and participation are found as the main factor of poor management of karst spring water at Citatah karst. However, better management could be attained by improving capacity building, strengthening monitoring capabilities, formulation of groundwater policy, implementing economic and financial instruments, improving participatory management and applying sustainable technology for agricultural and domestic water use.

COVID-19 infodemic and digital health literacy in vulnerable populations: A scoping review.

BackgroundPeople from lower and middle socioeconomic classes and vulnerable populations are among the worst affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, thus exacerbating disparities and the digital divide.ObjectiveTo draw a portrait of e-services as a digital approach to support digital health literacy in vulnerable populations amid the COVID-19 infodemic, and identify the barriers and facilitators for their implementation.MethodsA scoping review was performed to gather published literature with a broad range of study designs and grey literature without exclusions based on country of publication. A search was created in Medline (Ovid) in March 2021 and translated to Medline, PsycINFO, Scopus and CINAHL with Full Text (EBSCOhost). The combined literature search generated 819 manuscripts. To be included, manuscripts had to be written in English, and present information on digital intervention(s) (e.g. social media) used to enable or increase digital health literacy among vulnerable populations during the COVID-19 pandemic (e.g. older adults, Indigenous people living on reserve).ResultsFive articles were included in the study. Various digital health literacy-enabling e-services have been implemented in different vulnerable populations. Identified e-services aimed to increase disease knowledge, digital health literacy and social media usage, help in coping with changes in routines and practices, decrease fear and anxiety, increase digital knowledge and skills, decrease health literacy barriers and increase technology acceptance in specific groups. Many facilitators of digital health literacy-enabling e-services implementation were identified in expectant mothers and their families, older adults and people with low-income. Barriers such as low literacy limited to no knowledge about the viruses, medium of contamination, treatment options played an important role in distracting and believing in misinformation and disinformation. Poor health literacy was the only barrier found, which may hinder the understanding of individual health needs, illness processes and treatments for people with HIV/AIDS.ConclusionsThe literature on the topic is scarce, sparse and immature. We did not find any literature on digital health literacy in Indigenous people, though we targeted this vulnerable population. Although only a few papers were included, two types of health conditions were covered by the literature on digital health literacy-enabling e-services, namely chronic conditions and conditions that are new to the patients. Digital health literacy can help improve prevention and adherence to a healthy lifestyle, improve capacity building and enable users to take the best advantage of the options available, thus strengthening the patient’s involvement in health decisions and empowerment, and finally improving health outcomes. Therefore, there is an urgent need to pursue research on digital health literacy and develop digital platforms to help solve current and future COVID-19-related health needs.

Distance Learning with Virtual Case-Based Collaborative Learning: Adaptation and Acceptability of Clinical Cases from an American Academic Medical Center for Education at an African Medical School

We aimed to determine whether a Case-Based Collaborative Learning (CBCL) curriculum, developed from the clinical experience of U.S.-based clinicians in collaboration with Rwandan medical faculty, is acceptable, feasible to implement, and effective as a virtual educational tool for medical students in a resource-limited, global health setting. In this CBCL distance learning education, students were actively engaged and understood the case material and asked probing and insightful questions. Course evaluations showed that 106 of the 120 total student responses (88.3%) said that the difficulty level was “about right”, while only 11/120 (9.2%) said it was “too easy” and 3/120 (2.5%) said it was “too hard” providing evidence that even though the cases were largely based on clinical encounters at an American academic medical center, they are understandable, and at the appropriate level of difficulty for Rwanda-based medical students. Qualitative analysis from student comments found the CBCL method most helpful for students to develop diagnostic frameworks, and the practice of clinical reasoning using CBCL was engaging and interactive. This method of a virtual, international CBCL approach, was feasible, effective, and acceptable for students. A large majority of students found the sessions to be of appropriate difficulty and engaging. From the global health and inter-cultural exchange perspective, this collaboration demonstrates feasibility and acceptability of international partnerships. Using virtual, video conferencing technology, similar future collaborations can improve capacity building in lower-resource settings.

Agricultural market information in developing countries: A literature review

In most developing countries, the agricultural industry has the potential to alleviate poverty at a faster rate compared to other sectors. As such, many governments have initiated policies and programme to improve agricultural performance. However, some of these projects have not achieved success because the local agricultural markets are often controlled by a small group of stakeholders who tend to hide information in the market despite having huge market power. This paper aimed to determine the issues and impacts of the lack of market information in developing countries and to provide strategies for solving such problems. Results show that the presence of an oligopsonic market system, current information and communication technology (ICTs), the lack of market infrastructure and gender limitations are the main issues related to a lack of information. In turn, lack of information leads to an inefficient agricultural market, causes negative impacts on market participants, and ultimately leads to harmful socio-economic effects. Thus, to solve these problems, it is necessary to improve capacity building, increase access to ICTs and improve market infrastructure.

Capacity building as a strategic tool for employment equity implementation in the financial sector

Orientation: Employment equity (EE) has gradually seeped into various levels of many organisations, from private to public companies and small to large companies, in both developing and developed countries.Research purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of capacity building on EE implementation with particular reference to the financial sector.Motivation for the study: The rise in demand for EE appointees and the lack of skills and reasonable accommodation of these employees in the workplace hamper EE implementation in South Africa. For this reason, a pool of employees from the designated groups remains stuck at the unskilled and semi-skilled skills levels.Research approach or design and method: This study utilised the exploratory research approach. In addition, the study adopted a quantitative research methodology. A sample size of 172 was considered appropriate for this study and returned usable responses were n = 95.Main findings: The key findings revealed that capacity building is imperative in promoting the implementation of EE in the workplace. Based on the findings of this study, it is undeniable that improved capacity building is a strong catalyst for executing EE.Practical or managerial implications: The findings of this study serve as a guide for decision-making and provide advice related to capacity building and implementation of EE to both business leaders and line management.Contribution or value-addition: The current study contributes new insights and builds the knowledge base on how capacity building influences EE implementation.

Protected Geographical Indications for EVOO in Tunisia: Towards Environmental, Social, and Economic Sustainable Development

In a globalized scenario characterized by cogent challenges, sustainable development represents a fundamental objective, according to the agenda of policymakers. This is particularly true with regard to farming, and those agricultural systems that are fully consistent with sustainability in society (health, employment), environment (methane emission, water resource and so on), and economy (source of wealth). Tunisia is one of the world’s top olive oil-producing countries. It is also the country with the largest certified organic olive-producing areas in the world. Moreover, a larger volume of Tunisian olive oil is produced using nearly organic practices, without actually being certified. Given the growing demand for certified products, Tunisia should strengthen its market position by building on its reputation for sustainable farming, through the promotion and the creation of new geographic indications for EVOO. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the impact of GIs and how such kinds of labeling can be more effective, operational, and sustainable, to support the country’s development strategy in this sector. Through an ad hoc quanti-qualitative analysis of Tunisian olive oil value chain, representative of the natural resources, the deep understanding of cultures and traditions of the country, a comprehensive and precise SWOT analysis carried out on the Tunisian olive sector has been performed. This study bears significance as it depicts a specific roadmap that should allow a better application and extension of GI’s initiatives referring to the three pillars of Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations, and by building on the position of Tunisia as an organic origin focusing on five strategic lines: organizational and institutional framework; capacity building improvement; communication and networking roles; the role of TIC and the emergence of new opportunities; financial and support products availability. The final outcome should also aim to shorten the distances between all stakeholders to achieve the goals of the 2030 Agenda in the Mediterranean basin, by removing behavioral and institutional barriers that inhibit the transformations needed to achieve more sustainable economies and societies, by means of a cross-disciplinary dialogue around olive oil chain sustainability and narrowing the gap between research and policymakers.

Lights and Shadows of the Perception of the Use of Telemedicine by Romanian Family Doctors During the COVID-19 Pandemic

IntroductionTelemedicine has emerged as a critical technology to mitigate SARS-CoV-2 infection. We aim in this work to explore how general practitioners (GPs) perceived the use of telemedicine, recently recognized and reimbursed by the Public Health Insurance House (PHIH) for primary care (PC) provision.MethodsA cross-sectional study was performed in 2020 in one county of Romania using an anonymous questionnaire that assessed physicians’ perceptions regarding teleconsultation, reliability in tele-decision, remote pathology management, pregnant women’s surveillance, patients’ satisfaction with telemedicine, the need for its further reimbursement. Bivariate correlation was used to measure associations between the investigated issues.ResultsMore than a quarter of GPs (28.6%) found it easier to address patients’ healthcare needs remotely, while 60.7% considered time-consuming teleconsultations compared to face-to-face visits. Tele-diagnostic uncertainty was expressed by 64.3% of physicians, and a quarter were confident in tele-decisions. Almost half of GPs (43%) observed patients’ satisfaction with tele-visits, while half said patients encountered difficulties using technology. A large percentage of doctors (62.5%) perceived that patients felt as well treated by virtual as in-person visit and 91.1% suggested post-pandemic reimbursement. The results of the bivariate correlation showed that physicians who perceived positive patient feedback on telemedicine were more supportive of subsequent reimbursement.ConclusionThis study showed the GPs’ positive perception of the use of telemedicine. Its adoption in PC has shed light on the shadows of the pandemic. The time-consuming nature of teleconsultations, uncertainty in tele-decisions, patients’ difficulties in using technology were seen as shadows of telecare. However, most of the GPs surveyed agreed with the need for further reimbursement. Future work should focus on innovative solutions for integrating telemedicine as complementary form of PC, the need for telemedicine-based training for GPs to improve capacity building, and patients’ perceptions of virtual care, helping to build trust and satisfaction.

Implementation of Climate and Disaster Resilience Initiative (CDRI) in Kampung Sewu, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia

Global climate change causes the occurrence of natural disasters like floods. Disaster causes a loss or other negative impacts on the community. Community resilience is necessary to increase the capability to cope with the negative impacts. Besides the local wisdom, many aspects should be improved to reduce the disaster risk. This study aimed to determine the level of community resilience facing floods in Kampung Sewu and to find out the variables that cause the level of resilience of Kampung Sewu community low. This research was conducted in Kampung Sewu, Jebres Subdistrict, Surakarta City, precisely in Neigborhood Association (RT) and Citizenz Association (RW), namely: RT 02/RW I, RT 03/RW I, RT 01/RW II, RT 02/RW II, RT 01/RW II, RT 01/RW IV, RT 01/RW VIII and RT 01/RW IX. The method used in this research was descriptive quantitative. The analysis used was Climate and Disaster Resilience Initiative (CDRI). The sampling technique was purposive sampling. The results of this study indicated that the area that had the highest level of community resilience was RT03/RW I because the location had low risk and rare from intervention of Sibat Community to anticipate of flooding. Location that had the lowest resistance level was RT01/RW IX because the location had never been flooded and there was no interference in Sibat Sewu in anticipation of flooding. Sibat Sewu educates people actively improving capacity building for community in Kampung Sewu. The variables causing low endurance were sanitation and waste disposal, education and awareness variables, disaster preparedness variables, income variables, financial and savings variables, budgetary and subsidy variables and land-use.