Improvement Of Road Infrastructure Research Articles

Integration of Sustainable Development Goals into the Popalia Village Government Work Plan

This research aims to analyze the integration of SDG values into the Popalia Village Government Work Plan. This research uses an inductive qualitative analysis. Inductive analysis is an approach that begins with field facts, analyzes them based on relevant theories and arguments, and ultimately yields a conclusion. The results show that integrating the SDGs into the Popalia Village Government Work Plan has significantly contributed to village development. At the input stage, the active participation of the community in formulating work programs has reflected an inclusive approach that considers the needs and aspirations of the residents. In terms of outputs, tangible progress has been made in developing village infrastructure and health services, although some programs have yet to materialize fully. The impact of the Village Government Work Plan implementation has been positively felt by the community, especially in improving road infrastructure which enhances access and mobility. These results show that the integration of SDGs into the Popalia Village Government Work Plan has successfully created changes impacting the community’s quality of life. However, there are still challenges to overcome for more comprehensive success. Therefore, it is recommended that the Popalia Village Government intensify efforts to complete the unimplemented Village Government Work Plan programs, prioritizing initiatives that directly impact improving the community’s quality of life. Relevant community organizations are expected to support the village government through collaboration and mobilizing additional resources to ensure the sustainability and expansion of programs aligned with the SDGs. The villagers are also encouraged to actively participate in every stage of the Village Government Work Plan, from planning to evaluation, to ensure that the initiatives align with their needs and aspirations. Enhancing communication and coordination among all stakeholders is vital to overcoming existing challenges and maximizing the positive impact of integrating SDGs into the development of Popalia Village.

Relative improvements between roads and railways and economic performance: A panel data analysis

Prior studies indicate that expanding the length of roadways and railways has a beneficial effect on economic performance. Nevertheless, the requirement for land transport infrastructure, which offers different degrees of accessibility and mobility, to facilitate economic expansion differs based on a country's stage of development. The present study has two objectives. Firstly, it is essential to ascertain the required investment for different types of land transport infrastructure to facilitate different stages of economic performance. Secondly, the objective is to examine the impact of different forms of land transportation infrastructure on economic performance by means of urbanization and exports. To highlight these concerns, a fixed-effects panel linear regression analysis was conducted on a panel consisting of 50 countries spanning the years 1980–2018. In countries with lower levels of urbanization and exports, improvements to road infrastructure, especially roads with high accessibility, are of greater importance for economic performance compared to the improvement of railways. Nevertheless, as urbanization and exports rise, the comparative impact of improvements in road infrastructure on economic performance in relation to improvements in railway infrastructure diminishes. Railway improvements have a more significant effect on economic performance compared to road improvements, owing to increased urbanization and export rates. During these stages of development, high-mobility roads are more crucial for economic performance compared to high-accessibility roads. The conclusion of the research examined a variety of policy recommendations derived from our findings, which are applicable to different levels of urbanization and exports.

Analysis of road traffic accidents and casualties associated with electric bikes and bicycles in Guangzhou, China: A retrospective descriptive analysis

IntroductionElectric bicycles (e-bikes) and bicycles in large Chinese cities have recently witnessed substantial growth in ridership. According to related accident trends, this study analyzed characteristics and spatial distribution in the period when e-bike-related accidents rapidly increased to propose priority measures to reduce accident casualties. MethodsFor e-bike- and bicycle-related accident data from the Guangzhou Public Security Traffic Management Integrated System, linear regression was used to examine the trends in the number of accidents and age-adjusted road traffic casualties from 2011 to 2021. Then, for the period when e-bike-related accidents rapidly increased, descriptive statistics were computed regarding rider characteristics, illegal behaviors, road types, collision objects and their accident liability. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Bonferroni's multiple comparison test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Finally, the density distribution of accidents was presented, and Moran's I (MI) was used for assessing spatial autocorrelation. Hotspots were identified based on an optimized hotspot analysis tool. ResultsBetween 2011 and 2021, the number of accidents and casualty rate (per 100,000 population) increased for e-bikes but decreased for bicycles. After 2018, e-bike-related accidents increased rapidly, and bicycle-related accidents plateaued. Accident hotspots were concentrated in central city areas and suburban areas close to the former. Three-quarters of accidents occurred in motorized vehicle lanes. Most occurred on roads without physically segregated nonmotorized vehicle lanes. More than three-fifths of the accidents involved motor vehicles with at least four wheels. The prevalence (per 100 people) of casualties among e-bike rider victims and cyclist victims accounted for 92.0 % and 96.5 %, respectively. A total of 71.6 % of e-bike-related accidents involved migrant workers. Riding in motorized vehicle lanes was the most common illegal behavior. ConclusionsAlthough e-bike-related and bicycle-related accidents presented similar characteristics, the sharp increase in e-bike-related accidents requires attention. To improve e-bike safety, governments should develop appropriate countermeasures to prevent riders from riding on motorways, such as improving road infrastructure, adjusting the driver's license system and addressing priority control areas.

ANALISIS NILAI CBR SEBAGAI PARAMETER KRITIS UNTUK PERENCANAAN JALAN RAYA

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Infrastructure development is one indicator of a country's progress that cannot be ignored. Road infrastructure is an important part of the transportation system that connects different locations, facilitates human mobility, and transports goods. In the construction and maintenance of road infrastructure, soil plays a crucial role, so the condition and strength of the soil must be considered. Soil plays a significant role in construction as it serves as the foundation or base for building structures. Soil that has sufficient strength to support road loads will facilitate road construction. This study was conducted to determine the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) value, so that appropriate actions can be taken to construct roads based on local soil conditions. The CBR method is commonly used in soil geotechnical testing for road planning. This method involves laboratory testing of soil samples to determine the California Bearing Ratio (CBR). The results show a CBR value of 22.5%, which falls under the category of very good. This indicates that there is no need for improvement efforts in the construction of the Jl. Panglima Besar Sudirman, Dsn. Bolawen Ds. Tiron Kec. Banyakan Kab. Kediri highway, allowing resources to be allocated to other areas in need of road infrastructure improvements to enhance accessibility and overall regional development.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Mapping Road Surface Type of Kenya Using OpenStreetMap and High-resolution Google Satellite Imagery

Identifying road surface types (paved or unpaved) can ensure road vehicle safety, reduce energy consumption, and promote economic development. Existing studies identified road surface types by using sensors mounted on mobile devices and high-resolution satellite images that are not openly accessible, which makes it difficult to apply them to large-scale (e.g., national or regional) study areas. Addressing this issue, this study developed a dataset of road surface types (paved and unpaved) for the national road network of Kenya, containing 1,267,818 road segments classified as paved or unpaved. To accomplish this, this study proposes a method that integrates crowdsourced geographic data (OpenStreetMap) and Google satellite imagery to identify road surface types. The accuracy, recall, and F1 score of the method were all above 0.94, validating the effectiveness of the method. The data sources of the method are freely available, and the method may be applied to other countries and regions. The dataset developed based on the method can provide data support and decision support for local governments to improve road infrastructure.

The influences of human factors on road accidents in Romania in the period 2013 – 2022.

The main objective of the study is to establish a correlation between the main causes of road traffic accidents in Romania and “human factors”. The aim of the study is to show that accidents are attributed exclusively to human mistakes in a higher percentage than. The data used in the research are taken from the database of the Traffic Police-for Road traffic accidents during 2013-2022 and from the database of the Romanian Road Authority - ARR - for road safety inspections during 2018-2021. From the perspective of human factors, the research will give answers on the nature of the causes that lead to the production / favouring of road accidents in Romania and will propose solutions to address road risks to improve road infrastructure safety. As a case study, the research will focus on the human factors that contribute to road accidents on National Road 2. Compared to other national roads, on DN 2 road accidents occur with the highest number of fatalities, approximately 8.28% of all road deaths nationwide. The analysis of findings from road safety inspection reports carried out on DN2 shows that there is a correlation between road infrastructure non-conformities and causes of road traffic accidents.

Pothole Sensing System for vehicles

Potholes are a serious hazard to motorcyclists and often lead to accidents and injuries. To solve this problem, the proposed system is designed to proactively identify potholes on the road surface and provide the driver with an early warning, allowing them to safely navigate and avoid potential hazards. This system aims to develop a robust pothole detection system for vehicles using advanced sensing technology, including ultrasonic sensors, gyroscope sensors and Global Positioning System. The system uses state-of-the-art sensor technology mounted on the vehicle, strategically placed to sense the road ahead. Whether using ultrasonic sensors, radar systems or microwaves, each technology offers unique advantages in terms of range, accuracy and environmental resistance. By continuously monitoring the road surface, the sensors can detect deviations indicating potholes regardless of lighting conditions. Upon detecting a pothole, the system activates the alarms integrated into the motorcycle interface and alerts the rider via visual or audio signals. These warnings prompt the rider to adjust their speed or maneuver, minimizing the risk of accidents or bike damage. In addition, the system can be extended with a data logging capability to record the location and characteristics of potholes, facilitating proactive road maintenance and infrastructure improvements. In conclusion, the proposed pothole detection system provides a proactive solution to reduce the risks associated with the occurrence of potholes in driving. Utilizing advanced sensor technology and intuitive warning mechanisms, the system allows riders to navigate confidently and safely, contributing to a safer and more enjoyable riding experience. Key Word: Pothole; Ultrasonic; Safety; Road; Vehicle.

Determining Priorities for Handling Environmental Road Sections in Palu City (Case Study in West Palu District)

Palu City has numerous roads, including environmental road networks, where the function of many environmental roads has decreased due to heavy traffic and damaged road structures. The improvement of environmental road infrastructure is a complex issue that requires objective policymakers. Sometimes, the work carried out to address environmental issues on roads is not prioritized effectively. To tackle this problem, a research study was conducted to determine the priority order for handling environmental roads in the West Palu sub-district of Palu City. The study used a multi-criteria analysis approach to determine priorities, where the criteria were weighted based on input from respondents from government agencies related to road infrastructure. The criteria used to determine priorities in this research were road conditions, traffic volume, land use, and development planning deliberation proposals. The criteria for road conditions and traffic volume were given the highest priority weighting with weight values of 39.10% and 28.10%, respectively. This was followed by the development planning deliberation proposal criteria at 21.50% and land use criteria at 11.30%. By weighting criteria and scoring criteria based on operational criteria variables, the analysis obtained the top 5 priority orders for handling environmental road sections on Jl. Srikaya. Lr. Sirsak II Kel. Kamonji, Jl. Mas Mansyur Lr. Kel. Baru, Jl. Samudra II Lr. II Kel. Lere, Jl. Lasoso Lr I Kel. Lere and Jl. Durian Lr. Kel. Kamonji.

Road Maintenance Planning of the Fier-Vlore Road Axis, based on the Assessment and Forecast of AADT and Los Service Level

The relevance of this study lies in the fact that maintaining roads in good condition is an important condition for ensuring the safety and comfort of road traffic, as well as the economic development of the region. The aim of the study is to develop a method for planning road maintenance along the Fier-Vlore axis based on the assessment and forecast of the level of service AADT and LOS in order to improve the quality and safety of road traffic. The AADT and LOS service level estimation and forecast method is used to determine the performance of road networks and identify problem areas. The results of this study indicate that in the next 10 years, the level of service on this section of the road will be satisfactory and will be classified as “C”. However, after 2027 until 2032, the service level is expected to decline to category “D” and “E”, which could potentially lead to restrictions in manoeuvring and an increase in traffic accidents. In addition to reducing the distance, the construction of this Fier-Vlore Road has a significant impact both in reducing transport costs and in reducing the stress and anxiety caused by the old road. The main goal of the road is to provide comfort, safety, minimum cost and sustainability to the environment. In general, the use of the AADT and LOS Service level estimation and forecast method has significant practical value for planning investments in road maintenance and road infrastructure improvement.

An Assessment of the Possibility of Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles to Identify and Map Air Pollution from Infrastructure Emissions

Sustainable development and the creation of smart, green cities requires cooperation in many scientific fields, including those related to ecology, mobility, or sustainable management, among others. Environmental protection is a particularly important element here. Atmospheric pollution, due to air movements, spreads over very large areas; therefore, air quality monitoring is crucial to ensure protection from harmful substances. One of the most severe sources of air pollution, accounting for as much as approximately 25% of total annual emissions within the EU, is road transport. Therefore, the European Union has set an ambitious target to reduce total emissions to 55% for cars and 50% for vans by 2030. In recent years, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have become increasingly popular in many scientific fields, including environmental protection and photogrammetry. The use of UAVs to identify harmful pollutants allows them to gain an advantage over conventional detection methods, due to the possibility of remote (therefore safe for humans), faster, and area-based measurements. Given the ever-expanding scale of the use of this technology, this paper presents the possibilities of using UAVs to identify and visualize (map) pollution. The examples presented in the foreign literature, as well as our own research, in imaging the altitude distribution of air pollutants; gaseous pollutants: C6H6, HCHO, SO2; and particulate matter: PM1, PM2.5, PM10 demonstrate the validity of such measures. This research was carried out in the area of one of Poland’s key A4 highways. The maps obtained allow for an area-wise and altitude-wise presentation of one of the significant air pollutants in the EU. In addition, they can be a valuable source of information for the implementation of future projects and the improvement of road infrastructure, thus contributing to the reduction of air pollution and the creation of so-called “green cities”.

ANALISIS DAMPAK LINGKUNGAN DARI KINERJA RUAS JALAN IMAM BONJOL KABUPATEN ACEH BARAT TERHADAP TINGKAT KEBISINGAN

The improvement of urban road infrastructure is a crucial aspect of development, yet it is often accompanied by environmental impacts that need careful consideration. One of the environmental issues that arises is noise pollution, especially in urban areas experiencing high growth in the transportation sector. The research aims to evaluate the relationship between road service levels and noise levels. The analysis of the data reveals that the highest peak hour volume occurs on Mondays from 12:00 to 12:15, with a value of 133.8 vehicles per hour (vph), followed by Sundays from 16:00 to 16:15 with 130.7 vph. The road capacity reaches 1484.05 vph with a Volume-to-Capacity Ratio (DS) of 0.101 (DS &lt; 0.75), indicating good service levels. The free-flow speed of vehicles on Imam Bonjol street is 34.06 km/h. Overall, the road is categorized at service level B. However, the noise level generated by vehicles around this road is quite high, exceeding the established quality standards ranging from 58 to 63 dB. The highest values occur on weekdays, especially during peak hours, indicating that traffic volume and surrounding activities influence noise levels. Noise exceeding the standard limits can have negative impacts on human health and environmental comfort.

A Cross-sectional Study on the Pattern of Skull Fractures in Fatal Two-wheeler Road Traffic Accidents at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Northeastern India

Introduction: Death due to Road Traffic Accidents (RTA) is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in a developing country like India. As there is a paucity of literature on the nature and type of injuries in RTAs in the locality of Upper Assam, a retrospective study on postmortem cases of fatal two-wheeler accidents was conducted to address the magnitude of the problem. Aim: To analyse different types of skull fractures and causes of death among two-wheeler RTAs at tertiary care Hospital in Northeast India. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted in the mortuary of Assam Medical College, Dibrugarh, Assam, India, for a period of one year from August 2020 to July 2021. The records of all RTA cases involving twowheeler motorcycles brought for postmortem examination during this period were studied for parameters including age, gender distribution, cause of death, type of skull fracture, intracranial haemorrhage, and time of occurrence, and analysed using descriptive statistics. Results: There were 532 fatal RTA cases recorded, out of which 292 involved two-wheelers (54.89%). Males (87.67%) outnumbered females (12.33%). The most affected age group was between 21-30 years with a total of 98 cases (33.56%), followed by 31-40 years with 68 cases (23.29%). Skull fracture was present in 103 cases (35.27%). Fissured fracture was the most common type seen in 64 cases (62.14%) followed by depressed fracture in 19 (18.45%). The most common single bone fracture was of the Temporal bone in 44 cases (42.72%), followed by frontal bone in 18 (17.48%). Coma was the most common cause of death, seen in 214 cases (73.29%), followed by haemorrhagic shock in 42 (14.38%). Subdural Haemorrhage (SDH) alone was the most common intracranial haemorrhage found in 159 cases (74.30%), followed by Extradural Haemorrhage (EDH) alone in 7 cases (3.27%). Conclusion: Injuries to the skull and brain are the leading cause of death in RTAs. Adequate measures should be taken to prevent mortality and morbidity, achievable through strict enforcement of road safety measures, awareness among the people, and improving road infrastructure along with emergency medical services.

Analysis of Flexible Pavement Structural Behavior Considering Decreased Subgrade Resilient Modulus

This research focuses on the subgrade resilient modulus and its significance in investigating flexible pavements. The study compares results obtained from two distinct flexible pavement structures, utilizing numerical analysis using FLAC3D softawere. Four decreasing levels of subgrade resilient modulus (PF50, PF25, PF10, and PF5) were examined. Our findings reveal that the decrease in subgrade resilient modulus has a more pronounced effect on the GB/GB structure compared to the GB/GNT structure, with the latter demonstrating superior performance. By assessing subgrade resilient modulus, this research contributes to a better understanding and improving road infrastructure investigation not only in Algeria but also in broader contexts

An Analytical Study Predicting Future Conditions and Application Strategies of Concrete Bridge Pavement Based on Pavement Management System Database

South Korea is implementing various policies to address the aging of infrastructures and improve road infrastructure management. Moreover, numerous research projects aiming at the development of necessary technologies for the proper implementation of these policies are underway. This study specifically aims to overcome existing problems in bridge pavement maintenance, such as the inaccuracy of future condition predictions and the selection of incorrect evaluation indicators. Our goal is to provide a new approach for the improved management of the bridge pavement management system (BPMS). To address the issues of accuracy in future condition prediction and evaluation indicator selection within the existing maintenance system, we utilized particle filtering, a Kalman filter method among machine learning techniques. This method allows for the prediction of future conditions, based on the nonlinearly collected bridge pavement conditions within BPMS. Furthermore, we proposed a systematic bridge pavement management strategy. This strategy utilizes traffic volume (ESALs; equivalent single axle loadings), a factor that can influence the future condition of bridge pavement, in correlation with the future condition predicted through particle filtering within BPMS.

Regional differences and determinants of environmental efficiency in China's road transportation industry

The spatial imbalance of road transportation hinders environmental efficiency (EE) improvement. Moreover, the driving factors and evolutionary characteristics of EE regional differences remain unclear. To clarify these, we calculate the EE of thirty Chinese provincial road transportation industries from 2008 to 2020. We also investigate regional difference decomposition and EE evolution trends while exploring the drivers of EE in three regions. The results show that the overall EE presented a fluctuating upward trend and evident spatial differences. Transvariation intensity was the primary source of the widening gaps in provincial EEs nationwide. Additionally, technological progress and increasing water and railway transport contribute to improving the eastern region's EE while decreasing the EE of the central region. Rising population scale improves the EE of the eastern and central regions, while strict environmental regulation improves the western region's EE. Road infrastructure improvements prominently increase the EEs in all three regions.

Effect of helmet wearing regulation on electric bike riders: a case study of two cities in China

Abstract Objectives Electric bikes (e-bikes) are widely used for commuting and delivery in China. With the rapid increase in e-bikes on the road, related accidents have become crucial issues threatening the public. This research aims to explore the protection effect of helmet wearing regulation and investigate some factors influencing head injury with reference to two case cities in China, obtaining enlightment to protect e-bike riders. Methods The traffic police-reported crash data cover the periods before and after the implementation of helmet wearing regulations in Taizhou (with data from 2017 to 2019) and Nanning (with data in 2020) of China. Preliminary statistical analysis, logistic regression and chi-square test with a Bonferroni correction were applied in the research. Results Lack of helmets was common among victims in the context of high helmet wearing rate among general e-bike riders in Taizhou, indicating that fatality could be avoided to some extent by wearing helmets. Specifically, helmet wearing could reduce the probability of suffering fatal head injury by 6.4%. After the regulation implementation in Taizhou, the fraction of fatal head injury decreased from 89% to 79%, remaining at a high level, which indicates that other measures in addition to helmet wearing regulation should be taken. According to the results of Nanning, mandatory regulation worked more effectively than encouraged regulation in terms of reducing head injury. Conclusions Mandatory helmet wearing regulation is highly recommended to policymakers to reduce head injury among e-bike riders. Measures in addition to helmet wearing regulation, e.g., enhancing law-abiding awareness and improving road infrastructure, should be considered to further protect e-bike riders.

Vision-based investigation of road traffic and violations at urban roundabout in India using UAV video: A case study

In the past decade, the number of vehicles in India has increased exponentially; however, road infrastructure has not scaled proportionately. As a result, road traffic problems such as congestion on urban roads, dangerous traffic violations, and road accidents have increased significantly. Due to limited road infrastructure, traffic violations (human errors) have intensified in densely populated urban areas. This paper presents a case study (at a multi-lane urban roundabout in Ahmedabad city, India) and the methodology based on computer vision to investigate road traffic and violations using drone/UAV-based aerial video. You Only Look Once-YOLOv7 is used for vehicle detection, and Simple Online and Real Time Tracking-SORT for tracking vehicles. Our methodology divides the road scene (roundabout) into certain zones. We then formulated the dictionary, which maps the traffic violations under Motor Vehicle Driving Regulations - MVDR/ Motor Vehicle Act - MVA and the movement of the vehicle (zone traversal sequences). Using the zone-based methodology, we could also probe other road traffic data such as the count of vehicles, speed of vehicles, rate of traffic flow, and congestion. Based on our results, we also infer some of the possible causes of traffic violations in terms of problems/limitations of road infrastructure. As per our analysis, around 23.26% of vehicles committed traffic violations. We detected traffic violations related to lane indiscipline, driving against the authorized flow of traffic, parking violations, and over-speeding within the roundabout. Our methodology of investigating road traffic and violations can be used for road infrastructure improvement, law enforcement drives, and policy making, for road traffic safety, in developing and densely populated countries.

Enhancing Road Infrastructure Financing in Malawi: A Comprehensive Analysis &amp; Recommendations

Purpose: This research study aims to critically analyze the effectiveness of Malawi’s road funding model, identify its strengths and weaknesses, and propose sustainable and innovative road funding model for improving road infrastructure financing in the country. Background: The inadequate state of road infrastructure in Malawi has hindered economic growth, connectivity, and social well-being. The existing road funding model faces challenges in generating sufficient funds for infrastructure development, maintenance, and rehabilitation. This study seeks to address these challenges and provide insights for a more effective and sustainable road financing approach. Methodology: A comprehensive mixed-methods approach was employed, combining qualitative and quantitative research techniques. Stakeholder perceptions were collected through surveys and interviews to assess the current road conditions and funding model’s performance. Budgetary evaluations and expert interviews were utilized to analyze the financial dynamics and governance aspects of road infrastructure financing in Malawi. Results: The evaluation of the road funding model highlighted a significant perception gap between desired and actual infrastructure quality, with stakeholders rating road conditions as poor. The research projected a substantial funding shortfall of US$3.5 Billion by 2037, equivalent to 28% of Malawi’s GDP, due to growing demand and inadequate financing. Despite efficient revenue collection mechanisms, the model struggled to meet infrastructure development needs. Given the critical findings of this study, the study recommends the integration of Public – Private Partnership (PPPs) to leverage private investment thereby reducing the fiscal burden on the government. Additionally, introducing a dedicated road fund sourced from multiple revenue streams such as fuel taxes, road tolls, and international donor funds could diversify and stabilize funding sources. A governance oversight committee comprising financial experts, policymakers, and community representatives should be instituted to ensure transparency and effectiveness in fund allocation and utilization

Improvement of road infrastructure on the example of the Center-South transport corridor of the Akchatau-Akzhal section

The study investigates the enhancement of road infrastructure in the Center-South transport corridor of the Akchatau-Akzhal section, addressing the challenges posed by rapid road pavement deterioration due to increased traffic flow. By analyzing the natural and climatic conditions of the area, optimal concentrations of additives were determined to improve the properties of bitumen and asphalt concrete, with a focus on increasing strength and durability. Specifically, the addition of monoethanolamine to bitumen at a concentration of 0.08% led to notable improvements in key properties. The needle penetration depth at 25°C decreased from 80 to 71, indicating enhanced consistency. Moreover, the ring and ball softening point increased from 52 to 56, demonstrating increased resistance to temperature variations. Stretchability at 40 improved from 65 to 70, highlighting enhanced flexibility and durability. The study emphasizes the critical importance of quality construction and regular maintenance to ensure the durability and resilience of road networks to various factors. By utilizing innovative technologies and materials, such as modified binders with additives, the study showcases the potential to significantly enhance the performance, safety, and efficiency of road networks while reducing costs and environmental impact. The findings underscore the need for continued research and implementation of optimized solutions to improve road infrastructure sustainability and longevity.

ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN NILAI DERAJAT KEJENUHAN MENGGUNAKAN MODEL GREENSHIELD, GREENBERG DAN UNDERWOOD TERHADAP MKJI 1997 PADA JALAN PERKOTAAN TIPE 2/2 UD (STUDI KASUS RUAS JALAN SALEH SUNGKAR AMPENAN KOTA MATARAM)

If the population increases and the total traffic flow also increases without being matched by an adequate increase and improvement of road infrastructure, it will result in an increase in the degree of saturation which is a parameter in determining the performance of a road section. One of the roads affected by the population growth is the Saleh Sungkar road which is an urban road type 2/2 UD. The Greenshield, Greenberg and Underwood models are the 3 models used to determine the relationship between volume (flow), speed (speed) and density (density). The relationship between flow, speed and density is used to determine or determine the mathematical value of the capacity of a road section and the degree of saturation. This study aims to determine the comparison of the degree of saturation of Jalan Saleh Sungkar which is an urban road using the Greenshield, Greenberg and Underwood models against MKJI 1997. From the results of the analysis, it was obtained that the degree of saturation using the Indonesian Road Capacity Manual (MKJI 1997) was 0.53, so Jalan Saleh Sungkar was at the level of sevice "C" (stable flow, but the speed and motion of the vehicle were controlled, the driver was limited in choosing the speed). Meanwhile, the degree of saturation based on the Greenshield model is 0.55, the Greenberg model is 0.72 and the Underwoods model is 0.60. Both MKJI 1997 and the three models are still at level of service "C".