Improvements In Production Methods Research Articles

The economic importance of the peanuts production chain

The importance and economic representativeness of the peanut production chain has grown exponentially in recent years, tending to gain more market share. Background: The study had as its theme the question: What is the economic, technological, social and environmental relevance of the peanut production chain for Brazil? Objective: Conduct a survey of information and data that allow inferring the economic, social and environmental importance of the peanut production chain for Brazil in the global scenario. Methods: The methodology applied was exploratory research "ad hoc" in exploratory theoretical essay of qualitative approach, and analytical descriptive in the report of the findings. Results: Exports grow on a logarithmic scale, in 2020 it had revenues of US$ 427.8 million. The sector generates 42 thousand jobs, and the culture makes it possible to meet social and environmental demands. Conclusions: The adoption of technologies and the improvement of production methods are essential for the continuous progress of the sector with the creation of jobs and the adhesion of new producers, with an increasingly sustainable production, with less environmental impact and reduction of fertilizer waste, with expansion of the productive capacity per planted bushel.

Research on the Impact of Rural Population Structure Changes on the Net Carbon Sink of Agricultural Production-Take Huan County in the Loess Hilly Region of China as an Example

People are the fundamental purpose and driving force of agricultural development. The changes in population structure can directly affect social and economic development of rural areas and the entire process of agricultural production. This paper takes Huan County in the Loess Hilly Region of China as the evaluation object, the townships as the evaluation unit, the change of rural population structure as the key point, and the agricultural production as the mediating factor, to study the mechanism of agricultural net carbon sinks. The results show: 1) From 2009 to 2018, the number of rural labor force in Huan County was seriously lost, the quality of the labor force was steadily improved, and the age of the labor force was increased. The number of agricultural employees dropped from 72.6 to 49.4%. The number of people with high school education or above increased from 9.7 to 15.1%. Those over working age who participated in the labor force rose from 5.2 to 8.3%. 2) The Loess Hilly Region in the northwest of Huan County was “grain-trending,” and the River Valley and Plain Area in the southeast was “grain-removing.” The input structure index both increased first and then decreased. and the Loess Hilly Region was more dependent on the fertilizer. 3) The rural population structure affects the agricultural net carbon sink by affecting the planting structure index and the input structure index. The rural population quantity and quality structure have a significant positive effect on the agricultural net carbon sink, while the population age structure has a significant negative effect on the agricultural net carbon sink. 4) From the mediating effect, the loss of population can cause fluctuations in the agricultural net carbon sink. The improvement of population quality will promote the growth of the agricultural net carbon sink, and the aging of the population will cause the decline of the agricultural net carbon sink. 5) The return of the labor force, the improvement of labor force quality, the improvement of production methods, technological innovation, and skill training are the main ways to increase agricultural net carbon sinks and reduce emissions. This paper can lay a solid foundation for realizing the overall emission reduction target of agricultural production in the Loess Hilly Region.

German Students’ Perception of Bioeconomy – An Exploratory Study

In the present society, the concept of bioeconomy emerged due to the need for a sustainable and responsible change regarding the impact mitigation of several factors on the environment. The rising consumption and the resulting emission of pollutants are interconnected with both economic and population growth. Therefore, measures must be taken using new technologies and solutions, improvement of production methods and the necessary transformation of society through education. Several universities have aligned with the demands and needs of the present and future society regarding sustainability, called ‘transformative universities’. A high-quality education system is a prerequisite to sustainable and transformational efforts as well as transparent, participative processes and a close dialogue and cooperation between science, economy, politics and civil society. The purpose of this research is to bring more awareness, receptivity and responsiveness to the problems of society with a focus on bioeconomy. Therefore, this article is divided into three sections. The first part comprises a summary of bioeconomy related to education and the role of higher education institutions in societal transformation processes. The second part contains the quantitative and qualitative analysis and evaluation of the results of an explorative online survey about the perception of bioeconomy and sustainability of students exemplified by students from two German universities. The third part concludes the article with a summary of findings and prospects for further researches in this area. This research is useful especially for public and educational institutions, organisations that have a direct or indirect impact on the environment, and other stakeholders interested in environmental conservation.

Estrategia de Innovación, Calidad y Rendimiento en el Sector de Servicios

STRUCTURED ABSTRACT1) Objective: The present research aims to identify how the innovative strategy affects the organizational performance and quality in processes of service sector organizations in Colombia, taking into account their production process improvements, and organizational methods. 2) Method: It was used the Survey of Development and Technological Innovation (EDIT) created by the Administrative National Department of Statistics DANE, collecting 19 subsectors and a total of 5.848 companies. 3) Theoretical Framework: This research is settled in the competitive strategy, resource based view of the firm, and innovation theory. 4) Results: Finding that the innovative strategy benefits the improvement in the quality of processes and this in turn becomes the engine of organizational performance. 5) Conclusions: The Colombian services sector represents an important sector for economic growth, the innovative strategy becomes the determining factor to create value in the processes and offer quality services that promote sector organizations as the best in each area. However, for the smaller organizations in each service sector, higher levels of investment are required that allow them to make improvements in production methods and continuous organizational methods; investment in scientific, technological and innovation activities must have all sources of financing that translate into substantial changes in services. 6) Contributions: This research allows to understand for the service sector and their particular context the importance to have an innovation strategy with scarce resources to improve performance and quality. The innovation strategy affects both cases, the organizational performance is better in the organizations of the service sector, which means that their sales levels increase every time they generate substantial improvements in methods of providing services, distribution, delivery or logistic system, which we have called production methods, and second, in the quality of processes of these companies, improving routines within the organization, internal improvements called improvements in organizational methods are generated improvements in the quality of each process, this effect for organizations is translated into certifications that impact on the final customer who acquires the service.Key Words: Innovation Strategy, Innovation, Organizational Performance, Service Industry, Quality Management.JEL: M1, M10, L8 REGULAR ABSTRACT: The present research aims to identify how the innovative strategy affects the organizational performance and quality in processes of service sector organizations in Colombia, taking into account their production process improvements, and organizational methods. It was used the Survey of Development and Technological Innovation (EDIT) created by the Administrative National Department of Statistics DANE, collecting 19 subsectors and a total of 5.848 companies. Finding that the innovation strategy benefits the improvement in the quality of processes and this in turn, becomes the engine of organizational performance. The Colombian services sector represents an important sector for economic growth, the innovative strategy becomes the determining factor to create value in the processes and offer quality services that promote sector organizations as the best in each area. However, for the smaller organizations in each service sector, higher levels of investment are required that allow them to make improvements in production methods and continuous organizational methods; investment in scientific, technological and innovation activities must have all sources of financing that translate into substantial changes in services.Key Words: Innovation Strategy, Innovation, Organizational Performance, Service Industry, Quality Management.JEL: M1, M10, L8

Androgynous Style in Fashion

Fashion styles are closely related to their social and cultural background. Clothing is a product of materials and ideas. Clothing satisfies people physically and psychologically. Androgynous style is not a recent development; it was, is and will continue to be popular, which is special in fashion history. Androgynous style is prevailing currently. Despite its appearance, androgynous style is closely connected to social and cultural influences, for example, mass media, lifestyles and improvements in production methods in the clothing industry. In this paper, there is a deep examination of androgynous style, the significance of and reasons for its popularity with societies from the past up to today.

Ethical Analysis of the Use of GM Fish: Emerging Issues for Aquaculture Development

Improvements in production methods over the last two decades have resulted in aquaculture becoming a significant contributor to food production in many countries. Increased efficiency and production levels are off-setting unsustainable capture fishing practices and contributing to food security, particularly in a number of developing countries. The challenge for the rapidly growing aquaculture industry is to develop and apply technologies that ensure sustainable production methods that will reduce environmental damage, increase productivity across the sector, and respect the diverse social and cultural dimensions of fish farming that are observed globally. The aquaculture industry currently faces a number of technology trajectories, which include the option to commercially produce genetically modified (GM) fish. The use of genetic modification in aquaculture has the potential to contribute to increased food security and is claimed to be the next logical step for the industry. However, the potential use of these technologies raises a number of important ethical questions. Using an ethical framework, the Ethical Matrix, this paper explores a number of the ethical issues potentially raised by the use of GM technologies in aquaculture. Several key issues have been identified. These include aspects of distributive justice for producers; use of a precautionary approach in the management of environmental risk and food safety; and impacts on the welfare and intrinsic value of the fish. There is a need to conduct a comparative analysis of the full economic cycle of the use of GM fish in aquaculture production for developing countries. There is also a need to initiate an informed dialogue between stakeholders and strenuous efforts should be made to ensure the participation of producers and their representatives from developing nations. An additional concern is that any national licensing of the first generation of GM fish, i.e., in the USA, may initiate and frame an assessment cycle, mediated by the WTO, which could dominate the conditions under which the technology will be applied and regulated globally. Therefore, an integrated analysis of the technology development trajectories, in terms of international policy, IPR, and operational implications, as well as an analysis of a broader range of ethical concerns, is needed.

How to Make a DNA Chip

Microarrays are one of the hottest areas in biological research today. Microarrays have been mostly applied to nucleic acid analysis, specifically to the assessment of which genes are being expressed and at what level. Early microarrays were prepared by using photolithographic methods, which were more commonly used for integrated circuit ("computer chip") production. Hence the colloquial term "DNA chip" came into being. The completion of the sequencing of the human genome and that of many other organisms makes the determination of gene function an important next step in understanding the role of DNA in the processes of life. DNA microarrays are an excellent tool to address this question because their numerous probe sites enable the analysis of many genes simultaneously. With good experience in this initial use, many further applications of microarrays are being developed, including genotyping in research and genetic diagnosis in medicine. DNA microarrays have made abundantly clear the power of vast parallelism in biological analysis, which is raising interest in other types of microarrays (small-molecule, protein). Many applications for DNA microarrays have been developed and clearly many more will emerge through the creativity of the scientists who use them. In early studies, users produced their own microarrays. The apparent power of microarrays has demanded improvements in production methods, and technologies from physical sciences and engineering are now being applied to DNA chips. Many branches of chemistry can contribute to improved methods: from synthetic chemistry (to attach or prepare DNA), to the physical chemistry of surfaces, to analytical chemistry (to assess surface reactions).

Regulatory and Development Issues in the Demonstration of Therapeutic Equivalence for Multisource Biotech-Derived Pharmaceuticals

The exclusion of biological products (approved under the Public Health Service Act) from Title I of the Hatch-Waxman Amendments is being revisited today in the light of philosophical shifts in regulatory review, cost containment, and scientific consistency. The definition of drug versus biologic—be it scientific, legal, or administrative—is evolving and these overlapping working definitions further blur the regulatory distinction between drugs versus biologics. This is most clearly seen with the emergence of specified biotechnology products and the precedent of Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER)-approved recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid (rDNA)-derived products under Section 505 of the Food Drug & Cosmetic (FD&C) Act. Improvements in production methods, process controls, and analytical test methods have given the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) the impetus for greater harmonization in regulatory review such as the Biologics License Application (BLA), which replaced the Product License Application (PLA) and Establishment License Application (ELA). Industry and regulators collaborated to create fast-track approvals and the ‘specified biotech’ paradigm to shed the long-standing “product = process” dogma. In doing so, entire classes of biotech-derived products are being brought to market faster, and significant manufacturing changes are being supported without repeating extensive Phase III clinical studies, and as some postulate—closer to the realm of multisource (or interchangeable products) competition by noninnovator companies. Though specified biotech and comparability protocols do not equal multisource biotech, there are many common conceptual elements, parallel tracks, and intersections that support cost savings and faster route to market for noninnovator manufacturers, especially with regards to demonstrating therapeutic equivalence. Though each situation is casedependent, what are some common features that could allow the same manufacturing changes under specified biotech as those supported for noninnovator multisource biotech pharmaceuticals? Given the range of complexity of moieties under the biotech umbrella, no single approach of demonstrating therapeutic equivalence would suffice for all. It should be evaluated first on a product class basis (eg, monoclonal antibodies, interferon, fibrinolytics, etc.) and then on a case-by-case basis using a tiered approach of combined analytical characterization + pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) assessments + surrogate endpoint equivalence, if required. Assessment of immunogenicity, development

The continuing, widespread (and neglected) importance of improvements in mechanical technologies

Rosenberg's historical analyses of the varying sources and directions of technological change are confirmed by contemporary bibliometric data, in particular: (1) the growth of science-based technologies developed mainly in the R&D laboratories of large firms; (2) more pervasive improvements in production methods based on mechanical technology. The considerable importance of the latter has persisted well into the late twentieth century, but has been neglected in analysis and policy. Greater attention, in particular, should be paid to: • — more refined measures of technological activities than R&D classified by large firms' principal product groups; • — the cumulative and complementary (rather than displacing and competitive) nature of successive ‘technological paradigms’; • — the central role of mechanical, instrumentation and software technologies in the decentralised and continuous improvements in products and production methods.

CNC Machine Improves Output at BAe

EXTENSIVE improvements in production methods have been made possible in a ‘detail’ shop at the Dynamics Group of British Aerospace, Filton, by the introduction of a Pullmatic 3015/6 CNC punching machine. The machine, supplied by Pullmax of Leeds, replaced a number of manually‐operated presses, nibbling machines and bandsaws.

25th anniversary of the Dneprospetsstal works improvement of production methods and new technology

25th anniversary of the Dneprospetsstal works improvement of production methods and new technology