Improvement In Overall Health Research Articles

Effectiveness of Combined Pulmonary Rehabilitation and Progressive Muscle Relaxation in Treating Long-Term COVID-19 Symptoms: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) and additional progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) techniques in patients with long-term COVID-19 symptoms. Methods: We included 61 patients with long COVID-19 symptoms and randomly assigned them to two groups: PR only (group 1 with 30 subjects) and PR with PMR (group 2 with 31 subjects). The PR program consisted of gradual aerobic conditioning, strength training, and breathing exercises. Group 2 received additional 20 min daily sessions of progressive muscle relaxation techniques. Results: Following a 21-day intervention, it was observed that both groups had noteworthy improvements in lung function, exercise capacity, and sleep quality with statistical significance (p < 0.0001). Group 2 showed significant improvements in overall health (as measured by the General Health Questionnaire-12), patient health (as assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9), general anxiety levels (as indicated by the Generalized Anxiety Disorders Scale-7), and sleep quality (as measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), with statistical significance (p < 0.0001), compared to group 1. Moreover, the statistical analysis demonstrated no significant difference in exercise capacity improvement between group 1 and group 2, as indicated by a p-value of 0.1711. Conclusions: The addition of progressive muscle relaxation to pulmonary rehabilitation significantly enhances mental health outcomes, particularly in reducing anxiety and improving sleep quality, for patients with long-term COVID-19 symptoms. These findings suggest that incorporating PMR into PR programs offers a valuable non-pharmacological approach to improving overall patient well-being during long-term COVID-19 recovery.

Controlled Inhalation of Tetrahydrocannabinol-Predominant Cannabis Flos Mitigates Severity of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms and Improves Quality of Sleep and General Mood in Cannabis-Experienced UK Civilians: A Real-World, Observational Study

Introduction: Approximately 4% of the UK population experiences PTSD. Individuals must exhibit symptoms across four clusters to receive a diagnosis: intrusion, avoidance, altered reactivity, and altered mood. Evidence suggests that cannabinoid agonists such as nabilone and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) may alleviate PTSD symptoms. We investigated the safety and effectiveness of THC-predominant cannabis flowers for inhalation to manage PTSD symptoms in a real-world setting. Methods: We analysed data from the UK patient registry, T21. Validated questionnaires were used to collect PROMs for health-related quality of life (HRQoL), mood/anxiety, sleep, and PTSD-specific symptoms. Inclusion criteria were (i) a confirmed diagnosis of PTSD, (ii) completed PROMs questionnaires at baseline and at the 3-month follow-up, and (iii) received a prescription for a chemotype 1 (THC-predominant) cannabis flower. Results: Fifty-eight patients were included, 34 of which also had PROMs recorded at 6 months. Most were males (65.5%) with an average age of 39.2 years who had previously used cannabis illicitly (95.6%). At 3 months, participants reported significant improvements in overall health, mood, and sleep quality (p < 0.001) but not in the proxy for HRQoL (p = 0.052). Similarly, participants reported substantial benefits in managing intrusion symptoms (p < 0.001), mood alterations (p < 0.001), and reactivity alterations (p = 0.002), which were sustained or further improved at 6 months. Participants did not report any side effects associated with CBMPs. Conclusions: Inhalation of THC is well tolerated and useful for managing symptoms of PTSD in cannabis-experienced individuals. However, further research is needed to evaluate the long-term safety and outcomes of controlled inhalation of CBMP in patients naïve to cannabis.

A qualitative evaluation of a fentanyl patch safer supply program in Vancouver, Canada

BackgroundThe ongoing overdose crisis in Canada has prompted efforts to increase access to a “safer supply” of prescribed alternatives to the unregulated drug supply. While safer supply programs predominantly distribute hydromorphone tablets, the Safer Alternatives for Emergency Response (SAFER) program in Vancouver, Canada offers a range of prescribed alternatives, including fentanyl patches. However, little is known about the effectiveness of fentanyl patches as safer supply. Drawing on the perspectives and experiences of program participants, we sought to qualitatively evaluate the effectiveness of the SAFER fentanyl patch program in meeting its intended aims, including reducing risk of overdose by decreasing reliance on the unregulated drug supply. MethodsAs part of a larger mixed-methods evaluation of SAFER, semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 17 fentanyl patch program participants between February 2022 and April 2023. Thematic analysis of interview data focused on program engagement, experiences, impacts, and challenges. ResultsThe flexible program structure, including lack of need for daily dispensation, the extended missed dose protocol, and community pharmacy patch distribution fostered engagement and enhanced autonomy. Improved management of withdrawal symptoms and cravings due to steady transdermal dosing led to reduced unregulated drug use and overdose risk. Participants also experienced economic benefits and improvements in overall health and quality of life. However, skin irritation and patch adhesion issues were key barriers to program retention. ConclusionOur findings demonstrate the value of including fentanyl patch safer supply in the substance use continuum of care and offer insights for innovations in delivery of this intervention.

Sleep and aberrant eating behaviors in metabolic/bariatric presurgical candidates

BackgroundMetabolic/bariatric surgery (MBS) is the most effective treatment for obesity, yet many factors influence successful individual weight loss. Among those are a variety of health behaviors that are assessed in the process of presurgical psychological evaluations, including eating pathology and sleep disturbance (both of which are relatively common among surgical candidates). ObjectivesThis study aims to examine the relationship between sleep, binge eating, and night eating behaviors among individuals seeking MBS. SettingMedical center and private psychological practice in Mississippi. MethodsPatients (N = 311) seeking presurgical psychological evaluations for bariatric surgery completed self-report measures. Of these, 83.0% were females and 70.7% of those with ethnicity data identified as White. Average body mass index (BMI) in the sample was 46.5 (standard deviation [SD] = 8.02). Correlations between variables were calculated and examination of the indirect effect of sleep disturbance on night eating as mediated by binge eating was conducted. ResultsSleep disturbance, binge eating, and night eating were significantly associated (b = .22–.45). Mediation analysis yielded a significant indirect effect, indicating that binge eating propensity explains the relationship between impaired sleep and night eating symptoms (b = .09, standard error [SE] = .03, confidence interval [CI]: .04–.18). ConclusionsThe observed relationship between sleep disturbance, night eating, and binge eating among bariatric candidates provides implications for future research and treatment approaches. Specifically, additional attention to sleep disturbance in the presurgical assessment process and consideration of sleep hygiene as a potential target for intervention may facilitate improvements in overall health, adjustment, and sustained weight loss.

Impressive Short-Term Improvement in Functional Outcome and Quality of Life after Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) in the Orthogeriatric Patient in a Prospective Monocentric Trial.

Background/Objectives: Osteoarthritis (OA) represents the most frequent chronic joint disease worldwide. Facing an aging population, resulting from the demographic change, the number of primary total hip arthroplasties (THA) will further increase. Although the geriatric patient strongly differs from the younger one, the current literature on elective orthopedic surgery in the geriatric patient is scarce. This work analyses, whether geriatric patients receiving primary THA significantly improve in terms of their (1) mobility and functional outcome and (2) health-related quality of life at four to six weeks as well as three months postoperatively. Methods: In a prospective study design, we analyzed 101 geriatric patients with osteoarthritis of the hip receiving primary THA. The study is part of the ongoing "Special Orthopaedic Geriatrics" (SOG) trial, which is funded by the German Federal Joint Committee (GBA). In addition to a preoperative comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA), the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) and the EQ5D-5L were imposed preoperatively (t0), at four to six weeks (t1), and at three months (t2) postoperatively. Results: The 101 enrolled patients had a mean age of 78.1 ± 4.9 years. The total WOMAC score and almost all subcategories significantly improved at four to six weeks as well as three months postoperatively in comparison to the preoperative results (p < 0.001). The same was observed for the EQ-5D-5L, showing significant improvement in overall health at both time points (p < 0.001) and all subcategories (p < 0.05). Conclusions: This study implies that a geriatric patient benefits as much from elective primary THA as a younger patient. However, the preoperative comprehensive geriatric assessment with screening for risk factors is of utmost importance. Regarding the aging population, a lot of effort is needed to obtain more knowledge about geriatric patients receiving elective orthopedic surgery.

Effectiveness of comprehensive rehabilitation of patients with impaired respiratory muscle strength after coronavirus pneumonia

Aim. The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a comprehensive rehabilitation program for patients experiencing reduced respiratory muscle strength following coronavirus pneumonia.Materials and methods. This prospective, ran-domized study enrolled 55 individuals (average age 66.1±6.4 years; 21.8% males and 78.2% females) who had recovered from COVID-19. The rehabilitation regimen included 10 sessions of respiratory exercises, 10 chest massage treatments, and 3 sessions of osteopathic adjustment. Assessments of respiratory function and respiratory muscle strength were conducted both before the initiation of rehabilitation and upon its completion.Results. Initial complaints included rapid fatigue, dyspnea under physical strain, vertigo, headaches, chest pain during respiration, and disrupted sleep patterns. Participants were categorized into two groups: males and females. Both groups demonstrated a decrease in expiratory muscle strength by a factor of 1.2 and inspiratory muscle strength by 1.6, compared to normative values. Spirometry indicated impaired lung function across all participants. Post-rehabilitation, a marked improvement in overall health and a reduction in complaint severity were observed. Rehabilitation routing scales showed a decrease in condition severity from 2-3 points to 1-2 points, alongside a statistically significant increase in respiratory muscle strength, enhanced oxygen saturation, and restored lung function.Conclusion. Our proposed comprehensive rehabilitation program, incorporating osteopathic manipulation, respiratory exercises, and massage, successfully shifts the pathological breathing pattern to a physiological one, strengthens respiratory muscles, and reinstates lung function. This leads to improved exercise, reduced anxiety and depression levels, and enhanced quality of life for post-COVID-19 pneumonia patients.

A Three-Year Cross-Sectional Analysis of Depression, Anxiety, and Quality of Life in Patients with Post-COVID-19 Syndrome.

This study explores the longitudinal psychosocial impact of Long-COVID syndrome, also known as Post-COVID-19 syndrome, characterized by enduring symptoms after coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection, over the years 2020, 2021, and 2022. It aimed to examine the variations in depression, anxiety, and quality of life among Post-COVID-19 patients during these years, hypothesizing significant inter-year differences reflecting the pandemic's evolving influence. Conducted at Victor Babes Hospital for Infectious Diseases and Pulmonology, Romania, this cross-sectional research involved 324 patients diagnosed with mild to moderate COVID-19, assessed six months post-hospitalization. Standardized instruments, namely Short Form (SF-36) for quality of life, Generalised Anxiety Disorder Assessment (GAD-7) for anxiety, and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) for depression, were utilized. The study observed a consistent average patient age of around 55 years across the years. A notable increase in COVID-19 vaccination rates was recorded, rising from 20.9% in 2020 to over 70% in 2022 (p<0.001). Trends in key post-COVID symptoms like fatigue and cognitive issues varied over the years. Importantly, there was a consistent decrease in feelings of sadness or depression, with scores declining from 7.3 in 2020 to 4.8 in 2022 (p<0.001). The SF-36 survey indicated a steady improvement in overall health, reaching 55.8±7.1 in 2022 (p=0.035). Both GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scores showed significant reductions in anxiety and depression over the years, with p-values of 0.030 and 0.031, respectively. Factors such as smoking status, substance use, and the initial severity of COVID-19 infection were significantly associated with depression levels. The findings suggest that despite persistent physical symptoms, Long-COVID patients experienced enhancements in mental well-being and quality of life over the studied period. The increasing vaccination rates might have contributed to this improvement. Addressing modifiable risk factors like smoking and substance use could further optimize post-COVID care and mental health outcomes.

Side Effects of COVID Vaccination among the Residents of Shimla

Objective; To study the side effects of COVID-19 vaccines among the patients visiting health centre at Shimla. Methods: Patients visiting the health centre were enquired about the side effects of COVID-19 vaccine experienced by them. Results: 38% felt no side effects, neither after 1st dose, nor after 2nd dose. 2% reported improvement in overall health. 18% reported side effects after 2nd dose. 43% experienced side effects after 1st dose. 38% felt no side effects.33% had fever. 8% had body pain, 6% had pain in the arm, 5% had weakness and fatigue.2% had joint pains. 1% each had pain in legs, hypertension, giddiness, stiffness in body and diarrhoea. 1% had clotting. 1% each experienced increase in appetite and improvement in body pains after the vaccination. Conclusions; Majority of the patients had either no side effects or only mild side effects and some had reported in improvement in overall heath. Practical implications: This study demonstrated that benefits of vaccination greatly outweigh the risks.

Ayurvedic approach to manage Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome with Yoga Basti - A Case Study

A 31year old unmarried woman came to OPD of PTSR department of IAS&amp;R, Kurukshetra with clinical features such as irregular menses, weight gain and excessive hair growth over face, abdomen and thighs, mood swings, insomnia, acne on face, bloating etc. Patient was a diagnosed case of PCOD as she had already visited allopathic hospitals. Her USG report shows multiple small follicles in Necklace pattern in bilateral ovaries. Hormone test shows LH-FSH ratio value &gt;2.50. Lipid profile shows derangement of Triglycerides (187.00 mg/dl), HDL (26.70mg/dl), VLDL cholesterol (37.40mg/dl). She has undergone hormonal therapy for 3 months and later discontinued the treatment this case was managed by tablet Sukumar Kashaya, Kanchnar Guggul, Dashmoolarishta and Kaumaryasava along with Yoga Basti with the Sahacharadi Taila mixed with Murchhit Til Tail and Erandamooladi Niruha Basti and Matra Basti with Sahacharadi Taila mixed with Murchhit Til Tail. This treatment gave very promising results with improvement of overall health of the patient.

Intermittent fasting promotes rejuvenation of immunosenescent phenotypes in aged adipose tissue.

The aging of white adipose tissue (WAT) involves senescence of adipose stem and progenitor cells (ASPCs) and dysregulation of immune cell populations, serving as a major driver of age-associated adipose dysfunction and metabolic diseases. Conversely, the elimination of senescent ASPCs is associated with improvements in overall health. Intermittent fasting (IF), a dietary intervention that incorporates periodic cycles of fasting and refeeding, has been reported to promote weight loss and fat mass reduction and improve glucose and insulin homeostasis in both murine and human studies. While previous studies have assessed the effects of IF on obesity-associated metabolic dysfunction, few studies have examined the aging-specific changes to ASPCs and immune cell populations in WAT. Here, we show that IF in 18-20-month-old mice reduced senescent phenotypes of ASPCs and restored their adipogenic potential. Intriguingly, IF-treated mice exhibited an increase in adipose eosinophils, which has been reported to be associated with improved WAT homeostasis and immunological fitness in aged mice. The observed cellular and metabolic changes suggest that IF may be a feasible lifestyle regimen to reduce cellular senescence which could result in attenuation of downstream aging-induced WAT dysfunction and metabolic diseases.

Toxicity Risk Assessment Due to Particulate Matter Pollution from Regional Health Data: Case Study from Central Romania.

Air pollution poses one of the greatest dangers to public well-being. This article outlines a study conducted in the Central Romania Region regarding the health risks associated with particulate matter (PM) of two sizes, viz., PM10 and PM2.5. The methodology used consists of the following: (i) an analysis of the effects of PM pollutants, (ii) an analysis of total mortality and cardiovascular-related mortality, and (iii) a general health risk assessment. The Central Region of Romania is situated in the Carpathian Mountains' inner arch (consisting of six counties). The total population of the region under investigation is about 2.6 million inhabitants. Health risk assessment is calculated based on the relative risk (RR) formula. During the study period, our simulations show that reducing these pollutants' concentrations below the new WHO guidelines (2021) will prevent over 172 total fatalities in Brasov alone, as an example. Furthermore, the potential benefit of reducing annual PM2.5 levels on total cardiovascular mortality is around 188 persons in Brasov. Although health benefits may also depend upon other physiological parameters, all general health indicators point towards a significant improvement in overall health by a general reduction in particulate matter, as is shown by the toxicity assessment of the particulate matter in the region of interest. The modality can be applied to other locations for similar studies.

Effects of Mind-Body Qigong Exercise on Overall Health, Fatigue/Sleep, and Cognition in Older Chinese Immigrants in the US: An Intervention Study with Control.

Culturally relevant exercises may help improve health and address disparities faced by older immigrants due to language and cultural barriers. Few studies have focused on such exercise interventions among older Chinese immigrants at US daycare centers. We conducted a 10-week nonrandomized controlled trial in older Chinese immigrants in Philadelphia, US. The intervention group practiced Chinese Qigong (Baduanjin) 5 days a week guided by trained research assistants and video instructions. The control group maintained their usual daily activities. We collected self-report assessments on overall health, sleep, and fatigue and implemented two computerized cognitive tests measuring psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) and memory twice, preintervention and postintervention. Repeated measures general linear model (GLM) and paired samples t-tests were used for data analyses. Eighty-eight older adults (Qigong, n = 53; control, n = 35) with an average age of 78.13 (SD = 5.05) were included. Groups showed no significant differences at baseline evaluation. After the 10-week exercise, the intervention group showed significant improvements in overall health (p=0.032), fatigue (p < 0.001), and cognitive functions including memory (p=0.01), response speed (p=0.002), and response time (p=0.012) on the PVT, as well as marginally significant benefits in sleep (p=0.058). Between-group comparisons identified significant group-by-time interactions in health (p=0.024), sleep (p=0.004), fatigue (p=0.004), and memory (p=0.004). We revealed significant positive effects of Qigong in older Chinese immigrants across multiple health domains. Findings highlight the potential of a culturally relevant exercise in addressing health disparities.

Evaluation of a New Integrative Health and Wellness Clinic for Veterans at the San Francisco VA Health Care System: A Mixed-Methods Pilot Study.

The Integrative Health and Wellness Clinic (IHWC), established in 2019 at the San Francisco VA Health Care System, is an interdisciplinary clinic consisting of a medical provider, dietician, physical therapist, and psychologist trained in complementary and integrative health (CIH) following the VA Whole Health model of care. Veterans with complex chronic conditions seeking CIH and nonpharmacologic approaches are referred to the IHWC. This study evaluated the clinic's acceptability and feasibility among veteran patients and its preliminary impact on health and wellbeing, health-related goals, and use of CIH approaches. Mixed methods were used to assess patient-reported outcomes and experiences with the IHWC. Participants completed surveys administered at baseline and 6-months and a subset completed a qualitative interview. Pre- and post-scores were compared using t-tests and chi-square tests. Thirty-five veterans completed baseline and 6-month follow up surveys. Of these, 13% were women; 24% < 50 years of age, and 44% identified as racial/ethnic minorities. Compared to baseline, at 6 months, there were significant (P < .05) improvements in overall health, physical health, perceived stress, and perceived helpfulness of clinicians in assisting with goal attainment; there was a trend toward improved mental health (P = .057). Interviews (n = 25) indicated satisfaction with the interdisciplinary clinical model, support of IHWC providers in goal attainment, and positive impact on physical and mental health. Areas for improvement included logistics related to scheduling of multiple IHWC providers and referrals to other CIH services. Results revealed significant improvement in important clinical domains and satisfaction with interprofessional IHWC clinic providers, but also opportunities to improve clinic processes and care coordination. An interdisciplinary clinic focused on CIH and Whole Health is a feasible and acceptable model of care for veterans with complex chronic health conditions in the VA healthcare system.

FRI017 Precision-engineered Activin And GDF Ligand Trap HS235: A Novel Lean Mass-preserving Treatment for Obesity

Abstract Disclosure: G. Schang: Employee; Self; 35Pharma Inc. M. Poujol de Molliens: Employee; Self; 35Pharma Inc. E. Brûlé: Employee; Self; 35Pharma Inc. C. Chauvet: Employee; Self; 35Pharma Inc. J. Denis: Employee; Self; 35Pharma Inc. A. Sours: Employee; Self; 35Pharma Inc. V. Ganesh: Employee; Self; 35Pharma Inc. G. Tremblay: Employee; Self; 35Pharma Inc. J. Schoelermann: Employee; Self; 35Pharma Inc. M. O'Connor-McCourt: Employee; Self; 35Pharma Inc. Introduction: Novel anti-obesity medications including incretin mimetics have revolutionized the pharmacotherapy of obesity and type 2 diabetes, leading to unprecedented weight loss and clinically meaningful improvement of glucose metabolism and cardiometabolic health. However, this loss of fat mass is accompanied by undesirable loss of lean body mass (LBM) which can account for 15 - 40% of overall weight loss. Loss of LBM by incretin-based therapies negatively impacts resting metabolic rate, leading to a weight loss plateau and often unsustainable results. The preservation, or even increase, of LBM is therefore a desirable treatment goal for obesity pharmacotherapy and improvement of overall health. Activins and growth differentiation factors (GDFs), which are members of the TGF-beta superfamily, are validated targets controlling body composition and metabolism. Specifically, blockade of activins and GDFs has anabolic effects in metabolically active tissues such as skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue, while reducing white adipose tissue mass. Therefore, specific and selective blockade of activins and GDFs represents a novel anti-obesity treatment strategy which can act orthogonally to current anti-obesity medications. Aims and objectives: HS235 is an activin receptor ectodomain-based (ActR) Fc-fusion protein that has been rationally designed to attain optimal inhibition of ligands controlling body composition in obesity. Methods: A structure-assisted rational molecular engineering approach coupled with cell-based potency screening was employed to design HS235. In vivo target engagement and pharmacodynamic response to HS235 were assessed in mice by quantifying metabolic biomarkers including muscle hypertrophy, muscle and fat gene expression, as well as plasma metabolites. To further validate the anti-obesogenic potential of HS235, diet-induced obese (DIO) mice were injected with HS235, an incretin mimetic, or a combination of both. Fat mass, LBM, glucose metabolism, exercise tolerance, and biomarker readouts were assessed at the end of study. Results: In cell-based assays, HS235 potently and selectively neutralized activins and GDFs implicated in body composition. This translated to complete in vivo target engagement and pharmacodynamic response. In a DIO mouse model, both HS235 and the incretin mimetic significantly improved metabolic parameters and decreased fat mass, but only HS235 increased LBM, while incretin-based treatment led to LBM loss. Importantly, the addition of HS235 to the incretin mimetic prevented this loss of LBM. Conclusion: Potent and selective inhibition of activins and GDFs by HS235 represents a novel LBM preserving weight loss strategy. Collectively, these data support the development of HS235 as a novel anti-obesity agent that may also complement currently approved incretin-based medications. Presentation: Friday, June 16, 2023

Biotics: An emerging food supplement for health improvement in the era of immune modulation.

The involvement of the commensal microbiota in immune function is a multifold process. Biotics, such as probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and paraprobiotics, have been subjected to animal and human trials demonstrating the association between gut microbes and immunity biomarkers leading to improvement in overall health. In recent years, studies on human microbiome interaction have established the multifarious role of biotics in maintaining overall health. The consumption of biotics has been extensively reported to help in maintaining microbial diversity, enhancing gut-associated mucosal immune homeostasis, and providing protection against a wide range of lifestyle disorders. However, the establishment of biotics as an alternative therapy for a range of health conditions is yet to be ascertained. Despite the fact that scientific literature has demonstrated the correlation between biotics and immune modulation, most in vivo and in vitro reports are inconclusive on the dosage required. This review provides valuable insights into the immunomodulatory effects of biotics consumption based on evidence obtained from animal models and clinical trials. Furthermore, we highlight the optimal dosages of biotics that have been reported to deliver maximum health benefits. By identifying critical research gaps, we have suggested a roadmap for future investigations to advance our understanding of the intricate crosstalk between biotics and immune homeostasis.

The global burden of alcoholic liver disease: a systematic analysis of the global burden of disease study 2019.

Alcohol use is a major risk factor for the burden of mortality and morbidity. Alcoholic cirrhosis (AC) and alcoholic liver cancer (ALC) are most important and severe liver disease outcomes caused by alcohol use. The objectives of the current study were to investigate the global prevalence and burden of disease in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for AC and ALC, based on data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD). Incidence, prevalence, death, and DALYs for GBDs in different locations, years, sex, and age groups were estimated using DisMod-MR 2.1 and a generic Cause of Death Ensemble Modeling approach. The correlations between the age-standardized incidence rate or age-standardized death rate and gender, sociodemographic index (SDI), and alcohol usage were conducted by Generalized Linear Models. Globally, the changes of age-standardized rates of indicators were not much significant over the 30-year period. However, the changes varied widely across regions. Central Asia and East Europe contributed the highest age-standardized incidence, prevalence, death, and DALYs and increased sharply by past 30years. Generalized Linear Models (GLMs) showed male gender as a risk factor of AC, with the relative risk of incidence of 1.521 and relative risk of death of 1.503. Globally, there were improvements in overall health with regard to GBDs over the 30years. However, the prevention of AC and ALC should be promoted in middle and middle-high SDI regions, especially Central Asia and East Europe, whereas more medical resources should be provided to improve treatment levels in low SDI region.

Prevention of Poor Physical and Mental Health through the Green Social Prescribing Opening Doors to the Outdoors Programme: A Social Return on Investment Analysis.

There is growing interest in green social prescribing and connecting with nature-based activities to promote social cohesion along with improving levels of health, wealth and well-being. The Outdoor Partnership is a third sector organisation based in North Wales offering nature based social prescribing interventions. Individuals experiencing poor mental health and wellbeing are referred from GPs, community mental health services, and third sector organisations to the 'Opening the Doors to the Outdoors' (ODO) programme which is a 12-week outdoor walking and climbing green prescribing intervention. The purpose of the ODO programme is to provide a supportive environment to increase levels of physical activity among participants leading to improvements in overall health and mental wellbeing while promoting socialisation among peers. In this evaluation of a preventative green social prescribing intervention, a mixed method social return on investment (SROI) approach used quantitative and qualitative data from ODO participants. Data collection took place from April 2022-November 2022. Mental wellbeing data was collected at baseline and at 12 weeks using the Short Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale, a social trust question, an overall health question, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire- short form. Baseline and follow-up data was available for 52 ODO participants. Results indicate that for every £1 invested in the ODO programme, social values ranging from £4.90 to £5.36 were generated.

Functional Foods: A Promising Strategy for Restoring Gut Microbiota Diversity Impacted by SARS-CoV-2 Variants.

Natural herbs and functional foods contain bioactive molecules capable of augmenting the immune system and mediating anti-viral functions. Functional foods, such as prebiotics, probiotics, and dietary fibers, have been shown to have positive effects on gut microbiota diversity and immune function. The use of functional foods has been linked to enhanced immunity, regeneration, improved cognitive function, maintenance of gut microbiota, and significant improvement in overall health. The gut microbiota plays a critical role in maintaining overall health and immune function, and disruptions to its balance have been linked to various health problems. SARS-CoV-2 infection has been shown to affect gut microbiota diversity, and the emergence of variants poses new challenges to combat the virus. SARS-CoV-2 recognizes and infects human cells through ACE2 receptors prevalent in lung and gut epithelial cells. Humans are prone to SARS-CoV-2 infection because their respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts are rich in microbial diversity and contain high levels of ACE2 and TMPRSS2. This review article explores the potential use of functional foods in mitigating the impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants on gut microbiota diversity, and the potential use of functional foods as a strategy to combat these effects.

Sex differences in outcomes of people with cystic fibrosis treated with elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor

BackgroundThere is a well described sex-disparity in outcomes of individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF), with females faring worse than males. Given the dramatic improvement in overall health of people with CF using CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator therapy, elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI), the sex-disparity in CF warrants re-examination. MethodsWe evaluated the effects of ETI use by sex prior to versus after initiation of ETI by pulmonary exacerbations (PEx), percent predicted forced expiratory volume in one second (ppFEV1), presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in sputum cultures, and body mass index (BMI). We used univariate and multivariable longitudinal regression adjusting for key confounders, such as age, race, CFTR modulator taken prior to ETI and baseline ppFEV1. ResultsWe included 251 individuals started on ETI between January 2014 to September 2022. We collected data for a mean of 5.45 years pre-ETI and 2.38 years post-ETI. We found the adjusted presence of PEx decreased more in males than females pre- to post-ETI with the odds of having a PEx in males being 0.57 (43% reduction) versus females 0.75 (25% reduction) (p = 0.049). We found no statistical difference by sex for ppFEV1, presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa or BMI pre- to post-ETI by sex. ConclusionAfter treatment with ETI, there was a greater decline in PEx in males versus females. Long-term impact of ETI by sex is still unknown, but we will need to seek ways to effectively tailor care for individuals with CF and consider pharmacokinetic studies of ETI comparing males to females.

Electroacupuncture in The Treatment of Trigeminal Neuralgia Pain

Objective: This case report aimed to examine the effectiveness of electroacupuncture (AE) in treating trigeminal neuralgia pain and improving overall health in a 43-year-old woman. Methods: The study protocol involved administering electroacupuncture to the patient twice a week for a period of four consecutive weeks. During each treatment session, needles of size 0.30x60mm were inserted into specific acupoints on the patient's face, including ST8 (Touwei), GB14 (Yangbai), SJ23 (Sizhukong), EX-HN5 (Taiyang), GB3 (Shangguan), SI18 (Quanliao), ST7 (Xiaguan), and ST6 (Jiache), using the acupoint-to-acupoint penetrative needling technique. Results: The results of this case report indicate that following eight treatments with electroacupuncture, the patient's pain was completely resolved. Additionally, the patient reported improvements in overall health, including increased energy levels, positive mood, deeper sleep, and a return to normal appetite. Furthermore, the function of the trigeminal nerve, which was previously impaired, was restored. Conclusions: This case report suggests that electroacupuncture (AE) may be an effective treatment for relieving the clinical symptoms of trigeminal neuralgia and improving trigeminal nerve function. The results of this study support the high clinical application value of AE in the treatment of this condition.