Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world, ranking the first cause of death. In recent years, the incidence and mortality of patients with lung cancer have increased significantly. Western medicine generally adopts traditional treatment methods such as surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, but there are inevitable adverse reactions and side effects in all of them, and new treatment methods are urgently needed to control its development. With the continuous improvement of medical technology, immunotherapy has gradually flourished in the medical field. Traditional Chinese medicine can achieve the purpose of tumor treatment by regulating the tumor immune microenvironment. This paper explores the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of lung cancer from the etiology, pathogenesis and the role of traditional Chinese medicine in lung cancer immunity, and puts forward new ideas to provide reference for clinical practice.