Improvement Of Human Capital Research Articles

How Does Digital Finance Stimulate Urban Innovation in China? The Perspective of Human Capital and Consumption Upgrading

ABSTRACT Existing literature has mainly focused on the impact of digital finance on urban innovation, while they rarely explore the channel from the composite perspective of supply and demand in innovation activities. This study aims to explore how digital finance affects urban innovation in China, based on the exploration of factor supply and market demand channels. Through using panel data from 286 cities in China over the period 2011–2020, this paper empirically checks the role of digital finance in urban innovation. The estimation indicates a significant beneficial influence of digital finance on urban innovation in China after a series of robustness tests. The mechanism analysis suggests that digital finance promotes urban innovation by relying not solely on the improvement of human capital, but also on the advancement of market consumption. These findings deepen our understanding about how digital finance stimulates urban innovation in developing countries.

Understanding the impact of mining activities and human capital improvement on achieving sustainable development goals; evidence from East Luwu, Indonesia

Understanding the impact of mining activities and human capital improvement on achieving sustainable development goals; evidence from East Luwu, Indonesia

Boosting agricultural green development: Does socialized service matter?

Agricultural socialized service is gradually emerging as a new stimulus for enhancing the agricultural production environment. However, their precise impact on improving the agricultural ecological environment and promoting the green development of agriculture remains incompletely understood. Therefore, leveraging panel data spanning from 2003 to 2020 across 31 provinces in China, this study utilizes the bidirectional fixed effect model, moderating effect model, and spatial Durbin model to systematically assess the influence of agricultural socialized services on agricultural green development and its spatial ramifications. The findings show that (I) agricultural socialized services significantly contribute to promoting agricultural green development, particularly in regions with lower aging demographics. (II) The application of the spatial Durbin model reveals that this promotional effect does not exhibit significant spatial spillover effect. (III) The role of agricultural socialized services in fostering agricultural green development can be significantly enhanced by advancements in land transfer, agricultural technological innovations, and the improvement of rural human capital. In conclusion, the study provides a set of policy recommendations that include government financial support, facilitating land transfer, improving rural education and technical training, and promoting green production technologies to effectively promote agricultural green development.

Digital economy development and export upgrading: Theoretical analysis based on Chinese experience

AbstractThe development of the digital economy in China has not only led to a revolution in science and technology and its industry transformation but also affected China's export upgrading. This article uses the provincial‐level panel data of China's export products from 2012 to 2019 to explore the impact and mechanism of digital economy development on export upgrading. The result shows that the development of the digital economy generally promotes the technical complexity of exports, which is more significant in regions with higher resource allocation efficiency. The mediation effect test finds that the development of the technology market and human capital improvement are the two basic paths of the digital economy to promote export upgrading. The conclusion is still valid after a series of robustness tests, such as replacing the explanatory variables and using instrumental variables.

Digital Infrastructure and Increasing Farmers’ Income: A Quasi-Natural Experiment Based on the “Broadband China” Strategy

Digital infrastructure serves as a significant catalyst for economic advancement, capable of narrowing the digital gap that exists between urban, rural, and regional areas. And it enables more people to enjoy the convenience brought by digitalization, and promote social inclusion and equality. This study employs the "Broadband China" strategy as a quasi-natural experiment and employs a progressive Difference-in-Differences (DID) model to investigate the effects of digital infrastructure on increasing farmers' income. The findings of the study indicate that the development of digital infrastructure can assist in increasing farmers’ income. The establishment of digital infrastructure has greatly facilitated industrial rationalization, non-agricultural employment and human capital improvement in rural areas, provided farmers with more business opportunities and employment options, and contributed to the realization of rural revitalization and common prosperity. This research provides empirical support to gain a more profound insight into the significance of digital advancement to rural economic growth, and also provides a useful reference for relevant policy formulation.

Place-based policies and local human capital accumulation: Evidence from China's special economic zone program

This paper examines the effects of a prominent place-based policies in China, special economic zones (SEZs), on human capital accumulation. Using a cohort difference-in-differences (DID) analysis and population census data, we find that exposure to the SEZ program led to an average increase of 0.14 years of education. Further investigation reveals that increases in educational expenses and inflow of highly educated talent are important factors in human capital improvement. We also find that the effects are only significant for females and senior high school education.

“Recovery is about change, so you have to change everything”: Exploring the evolution of recovery capital among women in substance use disorder treatment

Recovery capital is a framework in addiction research aiming to understand substance use disorder recovery holistically by considering individuals' access to resources across the four domains of human, physical, social, and community capital. Each domain is opposed by negative capital. The underrepresentation of women's experiences in substance use research and the limited understanding of substance use treatment's effect on recovery capital limits our understanding of how treatment programs can support women in developing and maintaining recovery capital. This secondary qualitative analysis of data collected from the RENEW study explores the experiences of n = 19 women enrolled in substance use disorder treatment in Connecticut at baseline. Interviews occurred at two time points three months apart between February 2020 and April 2021 and discussed participants' experiences with treatment and the resources they have access to early in recovery. Thematic analysis identified four main themes related to recovery capital development. First, the direct effects of treatment, defined as clinical pathways to recovery capital, promoted resource growth primarily in the domains of human and physical capital. Second, non-clinical pathways, including indirect effects of treatment, facilitated maintenance of treatment-related improvements in human, social, and community capital. Third, interactions between domains promoted recovery capital resource growth across domains. Finally, goals and expectations for treatment motivated resource development across study time points. This study's findings have important implications for operationalization of the recovery capital framework and highlight the importance of more robust integration of non-clinical interventions to improve the experiences of women in treatment for substance use disorders.

EXPORTING ACTIVITY IN RURAL REGIONS: DOES IT DIFFER FROM URBAN REGIONS? EVIDENCE FROM POLAND

Limited export potential can impede growth prospects. While core regions serve as hubs of globalization, the question remains as to how rural regions can increase their exports. By identifying the factors that enhance the export competitiveness of rural regions, particularly in comparison to urban regions, we can steer them towards sustainable development and overcome constraints related to remoteness. However, there is no simple or shortcut way of increasing exports in rural regions. It still requires long-term investments, improvements in human capital, inflows of foreign-owned entities, and advantageous operations of special economic zones. Social capital has a positive impact on exports at the regional level, but its effect could not be acknowledged in the subsets of regions. What should rural regions prioritise? Investing in human capital and promoting non-agricultural economic activities that have a greater impact on rural exports than urban ones.

Epidemics, disease control, and China’s long-term development

This study examines the impact of historical disease burden on the development of contemporary China. Using historical records spanning nearly six centuries, we construct a county-level dataset for the distribution of epidemics in China. Our results indicate that historical disease pressure has a positive impact on long-term economic development. This positive association withstands rigorous testing through a series of robustness checks. Furthermore, we find that earlier institutional development in disease control and the improvement in human capital are effective channels. The establishment of disease prevention centers facilitated the early adoption of modern disease control systems, which, in turn, enhanced public health, education, and productive activities.

Corruption Vs Human Development: An Empirical Analysis

Background: Corruption is a significant issue facing the modern world. Corruption hinders social, political, economic, and environmental growth, causing inequality and a decrease in public spending. Research demonstrates that corruption adversely affects human capital improvement, ecological sustainability, and political frameworks, hindering progress at both high and low levels. Method: This paper examines the relationship between corruption and human development and how each influences the other, using 2018 data from 100 countries. This study uses a linear regression model and statistical methods like goodness of fit, hypothesis testing, and correlation coefficients to look into how the Corruption Perception Index (CPI) and the Human Development Index (HDI) affect each other. Result: The corruption perception index (CPI) and the human development index (HDI) have an important positive correlation (0.7708). Models explain 62.08% of HDI variation and 57.28% of CPI variation, depending on regression analysis. This implies that higher CPI (less corruption) notably enhances HDI (human development), and vice versa. Discussion: Findings show a strong correlation between higher human development (higher HDI) and lesser corruption (higher CPI), which has a major impact on social and economic circumstances. Though several countries have progressed with decreasing corruption, perceptions across the world remain unchanged, and numerous fields are still experiencing difficulties. Conclusion: This study's findings demonstrate a significant inverse relationship between corruption and human development. With the goal of fighting corruption and enhancing human development, it emphasizes the importance of a wide range of indicators, including technical developments, institutional reforms, and international cooperation.

The Relationship Between Private and Public Investment in Developing Countries with Different Levels of Human Capital

Theoretical background: Public capital goods can directly boost the productivity of private capital equipment, thus, increasing the profitability of private investment. In addition, in developing countries, public capital has an indirect effect on the rate of return on private capital because it facilitates the accumulation of human capital. Through these channels, the negative consequences of an increase in interest rates associated with fiscal expansion can be offset, and the crowding-out effect of public investment can be reversed. Purpose of the article: The aim of this paper is to reassess the extent to which public investment crowds in or crowds out private fixed capital expenditure in developing economies. Research methods: Panel data on 89 developing countries from the period 1970–2015 and several estimation methods are used. Care of the endogeneity problem was taken, slope heterogeneity assumption was relaxed and several measures of educational attainment were used. Main findings: The crowding-in phenomenon is found to be stronger in countries with low levels of education and health. It seems that the positive productivity enhancing effect of public investment on private investment is partially offset by the decrease in the income share of physical capital in countries that witness improvements in human capital. Public capital accumulation in countries which have achieved high human development is less effective, meaning that public investment should precede non-investment spending on education and health.

Expenditure on Human Capital and Economic Growth: Evidences form Nepal

Human capital expenditure is critical to utilizing and profiting from all of the country's resources. Economists have acknowledged that human capital improvement and usage are critical to a nation's economic prosperity. The research article investigates the relationship between human capital spending and Nepal's economic growth. The study analyzed data from 1985 to 2022 to investigate experimentally the relationship between Nepal's human capital spending and GDP. The study uses a variety of macroeconomic indicators, such as GDP as a measure of economic growth, capital expenditure on education, recurrent expenditure on education, health expenditure, higher education enrollment, and school enrollment. LNRGDP serves as both the explanatory variable and the dependent variable in the study's use of regression analysis. The Unit Root Test, OLS Estimation, Unit Root Residual and Error Correction Approach, and Econometric Analysis are all included. The results of the regression show that higher enrollment has a positive effect while capital expenditure on education has a negative impact on GDP. Spending on ongoing education, health, and school enrollment has no statistically significant effect on GDP. A long-term, positive correlation between the investment in human capital and economic growth is found by the cointegration test. According to the findings, funding higher education is essential for fostering Nepal's economy. In addition, the study highlights the significance of policymakers carefully considering resource allocation for education and human capital development in order to ensure the nation's sustainable growth

Management Strategy of the Indonesia Juara Program for Local Economy in the Regions of Bulukumba, Bone, and Makassar

This research evaluates the Indonesia Juara Program aimed at community empowerment in villages in South Sulawesi. The program focuses on developing the physical, social, and human capital of villages to enhance well-being and economic sustainability. A qualitative approach was used to gather data from three pilot villages of the Indonesia Juara Program from August to December 2022. The results indicate that the program has significantly enhanced village self-reliance by emphasizing the development of local skills, knowledge, and capacity. Social capital was strengthened through active community participation, improved communication networks, and trust-building. Human capital improvement was achieved through relevant education and training. This program provides a foundation for long-term progress and prosperity in villages, highlighting the role of families in rural development and making a meaningful contribution to community empowerment.

Professional knowledge infusion and service performance within outbound consultant-supplier interfaces in Tanzania’s construction industry: can networking and stakeholder support play cards?

Relational view theory emphasizes the significance of networking with supply chain partners to secure access to knowledge and other scarce resources. However, despite substantial consultant-supplier interactions in Tanzania, there is limited knowledge that is infused among the Architecture, Engineering and Construction professionals, which may have a negative impact on service performance. Using a survey dataset of 163 consulting service-based organisations (SBOs) in Tanzania, this study postulates and empirically examines the mediating role of knowledge infusion on the relationship between outbound knowledge networking intention, stakeholder support and service performance. The structural equation model results reveal that, while knowledge networking intention and stakeholder support exert varying positive effects on service performance, the direct and indirect effects become significant and positive when mediated by knowledge infusion. Thus, construction SBOs must reinforce their professional competencies such as embedding axiomatized knowledge and codified product specifications, in order to transform their internal capacity, attain robust decision-making, continuous improvement of human capital, innovation and (sustained) competitive advantage towards service performance.

Industrial robots and firm innovation: big data evidence from China

PurposeRobots are widely used in industrial manufacturing and service industries around the world. However, most of the previous studies on industrial robots use data at the national or industry level in the context of developed countries. This study examines the impact of imported industrial robots on firm innovation at the firm level in China.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on a large dataset of more than three million records in China, including non-publicly traded small and medium firms, the authors adopt a difference-in-differences method to investigate the impact and channels of industrial robots on firm innovation.FindingsThe authors find that the application of industrial robots increases firm innovation. Two possible channels are identified through which robots promote innovation: alleviation of financial constraints and the improvement of human capital. Further analysis shows that the effect of robots on innovation is more pronounced for firms that are highly dependent on external financing, belong to high-tech industries, import high-end robots, have insufficient supply of skilled labor and private firms (non-SOEs). The authors also find that industrial robots increase the firms' innovation quality and the marginal contribution of innovation to firms' total factor productivity.Originality/valueThis study provides big data evidence of the unintended positive consequences of industrial robots on firm innovation. The results are helpful to clarify the controversy of industrial robots. It also has important implications for government industrial policy making, firm innovation and human resource management.

How can China’s coal cities achieve high-quality development?—An empirical study based on the “resource curse” hypothesis

The relationship between the utilization of natural resources and high-quality economic growth has always been a concern of the academic community. China’s coal cities to varying degrees suffer from population outflow, economic stagnation or even negative growth, precipitous drop in housing prices, serious environmental damage, and other problems. There is a negative correlation from the perspective of location between the enrichment of coal resources and economic development in China, confirming the existence of coal “resource curse” in China’s interprovincial scope. Through establishing quantitative models. This article analyzes the transmission mechanism of the nonlinear impact of coal industry development on regional total factor productivity (TFP) from the 2 paths of industrial structure evolution and factor allocation efficiency. The sample panel data of 44 coal cities in China from 2003 to 2017 are examined to empirically test the impact of coal industry development in China’s coal cities on TFP and its transmission mechanism. In the coal industry development, the service industry is being squeezed out to some degree, while the manufacturing industry is suffered from “double deindustrialization” and severe shrinkage. Such an industrial structure transformation is one of the transmission paths of “resource curse.” The development of human capital (HC) and finance has a threshold effect on the impact of the coal industry development on the TFP of coal cities. The excessive growth of coal industry has a restraining effect on the development level of HC and finance that influences the efficiency of resource allocation, resulting in failure of such industries to promote the TFP. With the improvement of HC and finance sectors in coal cities, the development of coal industry has promoted the TFP. Therefore, this article holds that the government should aim at improving the efficiency of factor allocation, formulate scientific and reasonable industrial adjustment policies, upgrade industrial structure, and actively develop manufacturing and producer services. Meanwhile, in the process of coal city development, it should pay attention to improving HC input, actively develop green finance industry to promote the development of capital market, and promote the green transformation of coal industry. Actively develop new sources of energy. The sustainable development of coal cities should be guided according to different life cycle stages in order to achieve healthy and sustainable development and break the “resource curse.”

Post-Keynesian economics and social policy: equality of opportunity or equality of place?

This article shows that post-Keynesian economics is more closely tied to the proposal of equality of place rather than that of equality of opportunity. More precisely, it advocates for the approach of utilizing equality of place as a means to attain equality of opportunity. These are two conceptions of social policy. Equality of opportunity distinguishes between poor and non-poor, and state intervention is focused on poor people. This mode of intervention promotes individuals’ improvements in human capital, assuming that the poor can reach the position they want through a competitive process. In contrast, the idea of equality of place is intertwined with the concept of decommodification and supply-side subsidies. It envisions a scenario in which markets might not ensure that people can access fundamental rights. Consequently, it suggests an alternate role for state intervention. Because some heterodox and post-Keynesian authors have identified with the principle of equality of opportunity, it is important to clarify the nature of the relationship between social policy and post-Keynesian economics. The principle of equality of place can provide a framework of social policy that is consistent with the tenets of the post-Keynesian tradition.

Analisis Pembangunan Pasraman Sebagai Pembinaan Masyarakat Di Kecamatan Fena Leisela, Kabupaten Buru, Provinsi Maluku

This research provides an overview of the necessity for developing pasraman as a vehicle for religious education, especially for young Hindu generation and the community in Fena Leisela Sub District, Buru District, of Maluku Province. The discussions in this research are: 1) How is the Public Perception espacially community in Fena Leisela Sub District about it; and 2) How is the real potential of Community for concern issues. The aim of this research is to ansure that Community in Fena Leisela Sub District can build Pasraman as a vehicle for educate the Community. In other word the developing of this pasraman is very important because there are still a lot of Hindu people in that region who do not understand the teachings of Hinduism. When the Pasraman can be build then the convertation will not heven in the Community. The theories used in this research are 1) Swot Analysis Theory, 2) Human Capital Improvement Theory, and 3) Development Theory. The method in this research is a description method, with the qualitative approach. Research data, especially primary data carried out by directly discussion in the field by with several Hindu religious figures or institutions and community leaders. On the contrary, the secondary data have got from some references to support the results of research. The results of concern research namely: Community have understood the benefits of establishing Pasraman in Fena Leisela Sub District; the Community have ability to develop the Pasraman; They also have ability to maintain pasraman security; Land for developing Pasraman have been ready; Availability of the Teacher candidates for Pasraman have fullfil the standar; Curriculum for Pasraman generally have been developed by the government and community should add the row material for specific identity value; Controler for Pasraman have been ready per-standart.

Is the Social Safety Net a Long-Term Investment? Large-Scale Evidence From the Food Stamps Program.

We use novel, large-scale data on 17.5 million Americans to study how a policy-driven increase in economic resources affects children's long-term outcomes. Using the 2000 Census and 2001-13 American Community Survey linked to the Social Security Administration's NUMIDENT, we leverage the county-level rollout of the Food Stamps program between 1961 and 1975. We find that children with access to greater economic resources before age five have better outcomes as adults. The treatment-on-the-treated effects show a 6% of a standard deviation improvement in human capital, 3% of a standard deviation increase in economic self-sufficiency, 8% of a standard deviation increase in the quality of neighbourhood of residence, a 1.2-year increase in life expectancy, and a 0.5 percentage-point decrease in likelihood of being incarcerated. These estimates suggest that Food Stamps' transfer of resources to families is a highly cost-effective investment in young children, yielding a marginal value of public funds of approximately sixty-two.

Realities on livelihood resources of poor households living along Tien River affected by landslide in Tan Binh and Tan Quoi Commune, Thanh Binh District, Dong Thap Province

On the realities of increasingly serious impacts of landslides on poor households along Tien River, it is necessary to do research about their livelihood resources, thereby proposing solutions to improve their living conditions. Research is conducted by direct survey questionnaire method of 135 households at the poverty level (poor, near-poor households and those with difficult circumstances) affected by landslides in Tan Binh and Tan Quoi Commune, Thanh Binh District, Dong Thap Province. The research result shows that most of their livelihood resources are deficient and mainly reliant on human capital, financial and social capital. To improve adaptive capacity of these households, the improvement of human, financial and social capital is an urgent solution to be invested and supported to them.