Improve Balance Ability Research Articles

A Review of the Effect of Resistance Exercise on Development of Anaerobic and Balance Performance in Adolescent Footballers

Background: The resistance exercises underpin the strength and power development of muscle activation in adolescent footballers. Objective: The study purposed to review the effectiveness of different resistance exercise models on improving anaerobic and balance characteristics among young football players. Methods: A systematic search of Scopus, SPORT Discus, and the Web of Science was undertaken to identify the study content using a combination of searches related to resistance exercise, balance, and anaerobic performance. Titles and abstracts were used to search for keywords, and data were extracted using the subject characteristics, training intervention, measurement, and outcomes. Results: Fourteen studies were identified that investigated the effects of resistance programs on the anaerobic and balance characteristics. A combination of plyometric and regular football training significantly improved the anaerobic characteristics, and balance performance in young footballers. Based on high-quality evidence, anaerobic and balance performance enhancement appears after conducting resistance exercises for approximately eight weeks, with two to three sessions on alternate days a week. The volume consists of 2-3 sets per exercise, 6-12 repetitions per set, and intensity was classified as moderate to high, with one repetition maximum. Conclusion, Integrating resistance exercise into the regular training sessions improves the anaerobic performance of young footballers, such as jumping, sprinting, and changing direction, while improving balance ability, indicated by reducing the center of pressure area side-asymmetry and sway speed during unipedal and bipedal leg stance.

Physical function, physical activity, and health-related quality of life among Japanese children aged 8–12 years

Background Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is indicative of an individual’s overall health status, and identifying factors that influence HRQOL is important in improving HRQOL. This study investigated associations between the physical function, with focus being placed on the balance ability, and HRQOL. Methods This cross-sectional study assessed HRQOL using the Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory. Based on their total, physical, and psychosocial HRQOL scores, participants were divided into higher and lower score groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify physical function that affect HRQOL. Results This study included 323 Japanese children aged 8–12 (167 girls, mean age 10.5 ± 1.4 years). The analysis revealed that the total score correlated with balance ability (odds ratio 1.030; p = 0.017) and cardiorespiratory fitness (odds ratio 0.963; p = 0.004). Physical scores correlated with lower body muscle strength (odds ratio 1.020; p = 0.029) and balance ability (odds ratio 1.034; p = 0.006). Psychosocial scores correlated with balance ability (odds ratio 1.024; p = 0.042) and cardiorespiratory fitness (odds ratio 0.972; p = 0.023). Conclusion Notably, the balance function was tied to all HRQOL scores among physical functions. The results suggest that improving balance ability is important for maintaining and improving HRQOL.

Comparing the effects of aquatic-based exercise and land-based exercise on balance in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Balance plays a crucial role in the daily activities of older adults. Aquatic-based exercises (AE) are widely conducted as an alternative to land-based exercises (LE). Previous studies have compared AE and LE as effective ways to improve balance and have yielded inconsistent results. Therefore, this review aimed to compare the effects of AE and LE on balance function in older adults. Electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase, were searched. Randomized controlled trials published from January 2003 to June 2023 were included following predetermined criteria. Data extraction was carried out by two independent reviewers. Data synthesis was conducted using RevMan 5.3 software. The fixed-effect model or random-effect model was chosen based on the results of the heterogeneity test. Meta-analysis for the effect sizes of balance outcomes was calculated as standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. This review was registered at PROSPERO CRD42023429557. A total of 29 studies involving 1486 older adults (with an average age of 66.2years) were included. Meta-analysis results indicated that AE could improve balance ability based on two tests: the Berg balance scale (BBS: SMD = 1.13, 95% CI 0.25 to 2.00, p = 0.01, I2 = 94%) and the 30-s chair stand test (30 CST: SMD = 2.02, 95% CI 0.50 to 3.54, p = 0.009, I2 = 96%). However, there were no significant differences between the AE group and the LE group in terms of the 6-min walking test (6 MWT: SMD = 0.13, 95% CI -0.16 to 0.43, p = 0.38, I2 = 62%) and time up to go test (TUGT: SMD = 0.44, 95% CI -0.44 to 0.91, p = 0.07, I2 = 85%). Older adults with different health conditions have different gains in different balance measurements after AE intervention and LE intervention. Although this was influenced by participant health status, transfer effects, sample size, and other factors, AE offers better benefits than LE for improving balance function in older adults.

Enhancing the Development and Growth of Infant Cerebral Palsy Rats Using Selective Spinal Manipulations.

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a refractory pediatric disease with a high prevalence, high disability rate, and difficult treatment. A variety of treatments are currently used for CP. The treatment involves drug and non-drug therapy. Traditional Chinese medicine external therapy is a very distinctive treatment method in non-drug therapy. As one of the external therapies of traditional Chinese medicine, massage is used in treating cerebral palsy and has good efficacy, small side effects, and strong operability. As a part of TCM external therapy, selective spinal manipulation can effectively promote the growth and development of infant rats with cerebral palsy.The operation was mainly divided into four steps: first, the rubbing method was applied to the spine and both sides of the spine for 1 min. The pressing and kneading method was applied to the spine for 5 min, and the muscles on both sides of the spine for 5 min. Second, pressing and kneading the sensitive local acupoints in the spine for 2 min were performed. Thirdly, the affected limb was treated by twisting method for 1 min. Fourth, the rubbing method was applied to a midline from the forehead to the back of the brain for 1 min. This study aimed to use selective spinal manipulation to treat infant rats with cerebral palsy. The weight, Rotarod test, Foot-fault score, and growth hormone of infant rats with cerebral palsy were detected to understand the effect of selective spinal manipulation on the growth and development of infant rats with cerebral palsy. The results showed that it can promote weight gain, improve balance ability and motor function, promote growth and development of infant cerebral palsy rats, promote growth hormone secretion, and increase the temperature of sensitive parts of the back.

Effects of Aquatic Exercise and Floor Curling on Balance Ability and Lower Limb Muscle Strength in Children with Intellectual Disabilities: A Pilot Study in China.

Children with intellectual disabilities often face challenges in balance ability and lower limb muscle strength, which negatively impact their daily lives and motor function. Therefore, it is crucial to enhance the balance ability and lower limb muscle strength of children with intellectual disabilities. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a 12-week aquatic exercise and floor curling intervention on the balance ability and lower limb muscle strength of children with intellectual disabilities. Forty-two participants were randomly assigned to the aquatic exercise group, floor curling group, and control group. The aquatic exercise and floor curling groups received a 12-week intervention, while the control group engaged in supervised free activities. The participants' balance ability and lower limb muscle strength were assessed using the Berg Balance Scale and a muscle strength testing device before and after the intervention. The results showed significant improvements in balance ability and lower limb muscle strength for both the aquatic exercise group and the floor curling group after the intervention. The aquatic exercise group demonstrated an average improvement of 10.84% in balance ability and an overall average improvement of 16.28% in lower limb muscle strength. The floor curling group showed an average improvement of 9.04% in balance ability and an overall average improvement of 15.67% in lower limb muscle strength. These improvement results were statistically significant (p < 0.05) and ranged from medium to large effect sizes (d = 0.5~0.8). The findings of this study validate the positive effects of aquatic exercise and floor curling on the balance ability and lower limb muscle strength of children with intellectual disabilities. These interventions can be considered effective approaches for functional rehabilitation in children with intellectual disabilities.

Efficacy of sensory-based static balance training on the balance ability, aging attitude, and perceived stress of older adults in the community: a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundThis study explores the effect of sensory-based static balance training on the balance ability, aging attitude, and perceived stress of older adults in the community. It provides a practical basis for the in-depth implementation and revision of the community health management model.MethodsA randomized controlled intervention study was conducted from 2022 to 2023. A total of 72 older adults were recruited and randomly divided into an intervention group (36 individuals) and a control group (36 individuals). Balance ability (measured by the Short Physical Performance Battery and One Leg Stand Test), aging attitudes, and perceived stress were assessed at baseline and at the 12-week and 24-week follow-ups. Repeated-measures ANOVA and generalized estimating equations were used to compare outcome measures.ResultsSensory-based static balance training was beneficial for balance ability and aging attitude among participants in the intervention group. At the end of the intervention, participants in the intervention group showed significant improvements in SPPB scores and OLST scores compared with the control group (FSPPB = 12.347, P = 0.001, Waldχ2OLST = 45.530, P < 0.001), as well as significant differences in aging attitudes (FAAQ = 18.549, P < 0.001). Multiple comparisons at different time points in the intervention group reveal a significant intervention effect (FSPPB = 29.211, Waldχ2OLST = 80.428, FAAQ = 45.981, all P < 0.05). However, the difference in perceived stress before and after the intervention was not significant (FCPSS = 2.876, P = 0.095).ConclusionsSensory-based static balance training significantly improved balance ability and aging attitudes among older adults in the community. The effect on perceived stress among older adults in the community was not significant.Trial registrationRegistered in the Chinese Clinic on 04/06/2022. The registration number is ChiCTR2200060541.

Electroacupuncture protects against the striatum of ischemia stroke by inhibiting the HMGB1/RAGE/p-JNK signaling pathways

The striatum (Str) is injured 20 min after permanent ischemic stroke, leading to neurological deficits. Here, we aimed to explore the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on ischemic stroke and elucidate the possible underlying mechanism. Rat permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) model, EA treatment, sham-EA (SEA) treatment, beam-balance test, hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, Nissl staining, immunofluorescence staining, and Western blot were used to investigate the role of EA in pMCAO. The results showed that balance ability and motor coordination were obviously injured after pMCAO. EA improved balance ability and motor coordination in pMCAO rats. EA reduced striatal injury by reducing the expression of high-mobility group box 1(HMGB1)/receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE)/phosphorylated C-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK), whereas SEA did not. Thus, EA plays a neuroprotective role during pMCAO injury, which may be related to the inhibition of HMGB1/RAGE/p-JNK expression.

Research on the Progress of Applying Virtual Reality Technology in Preventing Falls in the Elderly

The primary cause of injury and death in the elderly has been reflected in fall the elderly, so the application of reasonable and effective prevention strategies has great significance in reducing the risk of fall in the elderly. The research progress of virtual reality technology applied in preventing fall in the elderly at home and abroad over the years was systematically reviewed in this study. The mechanism of the technology in preventing fall in the elderly was mainly elaborated from five aspects of improving balance ability, gait disturbance, cognitive impairment, muscle strength and the fear psychology of falling. The purpose of this thesis is to broaden the research ideas of medical personnel on the prevention of fall of the elderly, provide more effective clinical practice plans, reduce the occurrence of fall, and guarantee the safety of the elderly.

Tai Chi for fall prevention and balance improvement in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

As the population ages, the health of older adults is becoming a public health concern. Falls are a significant threat to their health due to weakened balance. This study aims to investigate the beneficial effects of Tai Chi on fall prevention and balance improvement in older adults. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials related to Tai Chi, falls, and balance ability, searching PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases from their establishment until December 31, 2022. Two independent reviewers performed the search, screening of results, extraction of relevant data, and assessment of study quality. This study followed the PRISMA guidelines for systematic review and meta-analysis. Totally 24 RCTs were included for meta-analysis, and the results showed that Tai Chi can effectively reduce the risk of falls in older adults (RR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.71 to 0.82) and decrease the number of falls (MD [95% CI]: -0.26 [-0.39, -0.13]). Tai Chi can also improve the balance ability of older adults, such as the timed up and go test (MD [95% CI]: -0.69 [-1.09, -0.29]) and the functional reach test (MD [95% CI]: 2.69 [1.14, 4.24]), as well as other balance tests such as single-leg balance test, Berg balance scale, and gait speed (p < 0.05). Subgroup analysis showed that Tai Chi is effective for both healthy older adults and those at high risk of falls (p < 0.001), and its effectiveness increases with the duration and frequency of exercise. In addition, the effect of Yang-style Tai Chi is better than that of Sun-style Tai Chi. Tai Chi is an effective exercise for preventing falls and improving balance ability in older adults, whether they are healthy or at high risk of falling. The effectiveness of Tai Chi increases with exercise time and frequency. Yang-style Tai Chi is more effective than Sun-style Tai Chi. https://clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier CRD42022354594.

Soy sauce and vanilla odors improve balance ability in children

AbstractOlfactory stimulation promotes motor activity in adults. However, the effect of odor stimulation on children's motor activity is not well understood. In this study, given the importance of feeding behavior in children, and the involvement of balance ability in that behavior, we examined the effects of soy sauce and vanilla odors, as food‐related olfactory stimuli, on balance ability in 67 healthy, normal developing children aged 3–6 years. The participants were randomly divided into water (control), soy sauce, and vanilla groups, and their balance ability was assessed before and after olfactory stimulation using the Functional Reach Test (FRT). The results showed that the soy sauce and vanilla odor exposure extended the reaching distance and forward shift in the center of gravity in the FRT, indicating that food odors improved the balance ability of children.Practical ApplicationsWe have shown that soy sauce and vanilla odors improve balance ability in children. Such odor stimulation could be useful for children with cerebral palsy who have balance disorders. A better understanding of the neural mechanisms that link olfactory stimulation with motor activity will facilitate the therapeutic application of odors for children with motor disorders.

Meta-analysis of the effect of whole-body vibration training on the improvement of limb function in patients with Parkinson's disease.

This study aimed to systematically evaluate the effect of whole-body vibration (WBV) training on the improvement of limb function in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). An electronic search was performed on the databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, SCI-hub, ScienceDirect, Embase, IEEE, Medline, Wiley, ClinicaIKey, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP database, Chinese Medical Association, and CBM Database from inception to May 2022 to collect randomized controlled studies on whole-body vibration training for patients with Parkinson's disease. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted the data, and evaluated the quality of the literature, then used ReviewManager 5.4 software for quantitative statistical analysis, including heterogeneity test, sensitivity analysis, risk of bias assessment, combined outcome index effect size and effect size inspection. A total of 9 studies were included in the meta-analysis, including 346 patients, 174 patients in the control group and 172 patients in the observation group. Meta-analysis results showed that, compared with conventional physical therapy or drug therapy alone, whole-body vibration reduced the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRSIII) score and significantly improved the motor function of patients with Parkinson's disease [MD=-2.39, 95% CI (-4.41, -0.37), Z=2.14 (p=0.23)]. Moreover, whole-body vibration significantly improved the walking stability of Parkinson's patients [MD=-1.96, 95% CI (-2.71-1.21), Z=1.17 (p=0.03)]. However, its improvement in balance ability [MD=-0.06, 95% CI (-0.77, 0.65), Z=1.07 (p=0.19)] and daily living ability [MD=0.03, 95% CI (-1.68, 0.74), Z=0.24 (p=0.87)] of patients, it was not t statistically significant. Compared with conventional therapy, WBV has certain advantages in improving the balance function and gait performance of PD patients, but the effect on balance ability and daily living ability is not significant. Thus, more high-quality research is required for further verification.

Dance/movement therapy for improving balance ability and bone mineral density in long-term patients with schizophrenia: a randomized controlled trial

Fractures are common accidents for long-term hospitalized patients with schizophrenia (SZ) in psychiatric hospitals, and once they occur, patients usually endure the pain of fractures for a long time. Accumulating evidence has supported the implementation of dance/movement therapy (DMT) as a promising intervention for patients with SZ. However, no research has been conducted to investigate its role in balance ability in SZ. This study was designed to investigate the efficacy of a 12-week DMT intervention in bone mineral density and balance ability in patients with SZ using a randomized, controlled trial design. A total of 58 veterans with SZ were randomly assigned to the DMT intervention group (n = 29) and the treatment-as-usual (TAU) group (n = 29). Bone mineral density (BMD) and balance ability were measured in both groups at two measurement points (at baseline and at the end of Week 12). We found that patients in the DMT intervention group had significant improvements in BMD and balance ability compared with the TAU group by using repeated measures analysis of variance. Treatment with DMT demonstrated a significant improvement in BMD from baseline to week 12 (0.03, 95% CI: 0.01–0.05). For the Berg total score and static and dynamic balance, the mean changes in the DMT group were 7.3 (95% CI: 5.6–9.0), 4.0 (95% CI: 0.9–7.1), and 3.7 (95% CI: 2.6–4.8), respectively. Regression analysis showed that baseline BMD was a significant predictor of improvement in BMD from baseline to week 12 in the DMT group (β = 0.58, p < 0.001). Our results suggest for the first time that DMT intervention may be effective in beneficially regulating BMD and balance ability in SZ patients.

Effects of Diamond Steps Exercises on Balance Improvement in Healthy Young and Older Adults: A Protocol Proposal.

Diamond step (DS) exercises are associated with multiple components of postural control and, thus, have the potential to efficiently improve balance ability. This study aimed to verify whether DS exercises contribute to improving balance ability. This study included 35 healthy young people and 29 older adults. DS exercises were performed continuously for 3 min, four times a week, for 1 month. Balance ability was assessed at baseline and after 1 and 2 months; eight items in total were examined: 30 s chair stand test, functional reach test, standing on one leg with eyes closed, time required for five rounds of DS, left-right DS, Y balance test, open-close stepping test, and finger-to-floor distance. The difficulty, achievement, and lightness/enjoyment of DS exercises were measured after the first practice and 1 month after beginning the exercises as subjective evaluations. Older adults showed improvement in seven of the eight items, with the exception being the one-legged stance with closed eyes. The subjective evaluation showed a decrease in the level of difficulty of DS exercises for older adults. DS exercises may improve balance by effectively utilizing various postural control strategies. These exercises can be effective and easy to implement, given their moderate difficulty level and self-efficacy.

Effectiveness of Aquatic Dual-Task Training on Balance Recovery in Individuals with Stroke: A Review

Background: One of the most common complaints following a stroke is loss of balance, which affects around half of all stroke patients. Nevertheless, there is no general physiotherapy method that proved to be more effective in improving post-stroke balance. This study aimed to investigate literature regarding the use of aquatic dual-task exercises for improving balance ability post-stroke.&#x0D; Methods: A literature search was performed with the help of Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Embase databases to select the studies related to aquatic dual-task training on balance improvement in stroke patients. The inclusion criteria were full-text published articles in English, studies that included patients above the age of 18 years with diagnosed stroke, which investigated any form of aquatic exercise therapy with a dual-task aimed at improving post-stroke balance control while comparing pre-intervention and post-intervention outcome measures.&#x0D; Results: With the help of given keywords, 573 articles were found initially. After excluding articles for various reasons, three articles were finally included in the review.&#x0D; Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that aquatic dual-task training has a positive impact on the balance improvement of stroke patients.

Effects of Virtual Reality Program on Glycated Hemoglobin, Static and Dynamic Balancing Ability, and Falls Efficacy for Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Purpose: We aimed to confirm the effects of virtual reality programs used for patients with diabetes on reducing blood glucose levels and improving physical function.Methods: In this systematic literature review and meta-analysis, literature was collected from various databases for randomized controlled trials published in Korean, Chinese, and English by May 2021. The search yielded 1,243 studies. Eight studies were selected for the systematic literature review, and six studies were included in the meta-analysis.Results: In the eight selected studies, a non-immersive virtual reality programs were employed as the intervention method. The effect size of the virtual reality programs on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was -0.40, with no significant difference between experimental and control groups. The effect size on static balancing ability was 1.04, and the effect size on dynamic balancing ability was 2.39. The effect size on falls efficacy was 0.69, and all functional outcomes differed significantly between the experimental and control groups (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;.05). A subgroup analysis of static balancing ability was performed according to the duration of the interventional virtual reality program. When the virtual reality programs lasting for more than six weeks, shows an effect size of 1.27 for static balance ability, which was statistically significant (Z=3.32, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;.001).Conclusion: Virtual reality programs for participants with diabetes did not reduce HbA1c, but improved balance ability and falls prevention efficacy. The virtual reality program is an effective method for diabetics to be interested and consistently self-care.

Effects of balance training on balance and fall efficacy in patients with Osteoporosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis.

To appraise research evidence on the effects of balance training on balance and fall efficacy in patients with osteoporosis. Six electronic databases were searched from inception of the database to 1 August 2022, with no language restrictions, and randomized controlled trials of balance training in patients with osteoporosis were included in this meta-analysis. Two authors independently screened and reviewed the articles and assessed the methodological quality using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tools. Trial sequential analysis was conducted. A total of 10 randomized controlled trials with 684 patients were included. Three of the studies that were included had low risk of bias, 5 had moderate risk of bias, and 2 had high risk of bias. A meta-analysis demonstrated that balance training improves dynamic balance measured using the Timed Up and Go Test (mean difference (MD) = -1.86, 95% CI (-2.69, -1.02), Z = 4.38, p < 0.0001) and the Berg Balance Scale (MD = 5.31, 95% CI (0.65, 9.96), Z = 2.23, p < 0.03), static balance measured using One-Leg Standing Time (MD = 4.10, 95% CI (2.19, 6.01), Z = 4.21, p < 0.0001), and fall efficacy measured using the Falls Efficacy Scale International (MD = -4.60, 95% CI (-6.33, -2.87), Z = 5.20, p < 0.00001) were also significantly improved. Trial sequential analysis showed reliable evidence of the effects of balance training on dynamic and static balance improvement. The conclusions of this review are supported by the statistical and clinical significance of all outcomes in the meta-analysis, based on the advised minimal clinically significant differences and minimum detectable changes. Balance training may be effective in improving balance ability and reducing fear of falling in patients with osteoporosis.

Postural control exercise without using the upper limbs improves activities of daily living in patients with stroke.

Stroke is one of the most common neurological disorders worldwide. Stroke survivors have restricted activities of daily living (ADL) and lower functional independence measures (FIM) after disease onset. Recovery of postural control abilities in patients with stroke is one of the most important therapeutic goals. In this study, we examined the differences in the FIM motor items between groups that performed postural control exercises with the upper limb and those that performed postural control exercises without the upper limb. The medical records of patients with stroke admitted and discharged from the Recovery Rehabilitation Unit at Azumino Red Cross Hospital between 2016 and 2018 were reviewed. We retrospectively investigated the relationships between postural control exercises with or without upper limbs, FIM motor items at admission and discharge, and percentage of gait acquisition at discharge. Among the thirteen FIM motor items, nine (bathing, dressing the upper body, dressing the lower body, toileting, transfers [bed, chair, and wheelchair], transfers [toilet], transfers [tub or shower], locomotion, and climbing of stairs) were significantly different between the two groups (those who performed postural control exercises with the upper limb and those who performed postural control exercises without the upper limb). Patients with stroke who performed postural control exercises without the upper limbs showed a higher percentage of gait acquisition. Touch contact during quiet standing reduces body sway and the associated fluctuations. However, continual practice of postural control with a small degree of body sway for a long period after a stroke would result in decreased pressure on the sole. This may hinder postural control relearning. Touch contact also reduces anticipatory postural adjustment, which may limit the improvement in balance ability during physical exercise. Postural control exercises without the upper limbs improve postural control ability and may be beneficial from a long-term perspective.

16주간 WEBB 운동이 여성노인의 기능체력, Fullerton 상급균형능력 및 낙상효능감에 미치는 영향

This study was to investigate the effect of WEBB exercise program of elderly women that was conducted for 16 weeks on Senior Fitness Test, Fullerton Advanced Balance scale ability and falls efficacy. Among women over 65 years old who regularly visited Senior Citizens center to D Center in B city, a total in 20 participants including WEBB exercise group(n=10) and control group(n=10) were participated in exercise intervention. The frequency of exercise that used WEBB exercise program was 3 times a week and for exercise intensity, subjective in borg’s RPE 9-11 for Week 1 to 8 and subjective borg’s RPE 12-13 for Week 9-16 were used. Among a total of 11 movements were applied and used step by step and they were divided into exercise hours and number of repetitions according the level of difficulty and movements. The exercise was conducted for a total of 60 minutes, focusing on muscular strength and balance that are important for the elderly women. To process the data of this study, we drew average and standard deviation of all measured items and conducted independent t-test to verify homogeneity among groups and conducted matching sample t-test to identify significant difference of times between each group. We also conducted two-way repeated ANOVA to verify interaction effect of exercise groups and periods, and set statistical significance level as α=.05.BR The results of two-way ANOVA for 6 factors of Senior Fitness Te showed that there was an interaction effect (p0.05-0.001) between WEBB exercise group and control group in four factors of strength of lower extremity, agility, dynamic equilibrium and cardiovascular endurance. In addition, the result of two-way ANOVA for 10 factors of Fullerton Advanced Balance ability showed that there was an interaction effect(p.01) between periods and groups in terms of FAB 1, 3, 5, 6, 9 and FAB total score was a positive change in an interaction effect between periods and groups for falls efficacy.BR In conclusion, WEBB exercise program of this study made positive changes in strength of lower extremity and balance, agility as weight-bearing exercise for improving balance ability of elderly women and had preventive effect of fall as a safe and effective exercise program. Therefore, it is considered WEBB exercise can be an effective exercise prescription for the elderly living in the community as it can not only help their daily life and be a useful exercise intervention tool that can lower the risk factors of fall for the elderly.

Leg Muscle Activity and Joint Motion during Balance Exercise Using a Newly Developed Weight-Shifting-Based Robot Control System.

A novel and fun exercise robot (LOCOBOT) was developed to improve balance ability. This system can control a spherical robot on a floor by changing the center of pressure (COP) based on weight-shifting on a board. The present study evaluated leg muscle activity and joint motion during LOCOBOT exercise and compared the muscle activity with walking and sit-to-stand movement. This study included 10 healthy male adults (age: 23.0 ± 0.9 years) and examined basic LOCOBOT exercises (front-back, left-right, 8-turn, and bowling). Electromyography during each exercise recorded 13 right leg muscle activities. Muscle activity was represented as the percentage maximal voluntary isometric contraction (%MVIC). Additionally, the joint motion was simultaneously measured using an optical motion capture system. The mean %MVIC differed among LOCOBOT exercises, especially in ankle joint muscles. The ankle joint was primarily used for robot control. The mean %MVIC of the 8-turn exercise was equivalent to that of walking in the tibialis anterior, and the ankle plantar flexors were significantly higher than those in the sit-to-stand motion. Participants control the robot by ankle strategy. This robot exercise can efficiently train the ankle joint muscles, which would improve ankle joint stability.

Exercise Training to Improve Balance Ability for Individuals with Down Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

ENWEndNote BIBJabRef, Mendeley RISPapers, Reference Manager, RefWorks, Zotero AMA Bahiraei S, Nasab Firouzjah EM, Abbaszadeh A. Exercise Training to Improve Balance Ability for Individuals with Down Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Advances in Rehabilitation / Postępy Rehabilitacji. 2023. doi:10.5114/areh.2023.124256. APA Bahiraei, S., Nasab Firouzjah, E. M., & Abbaszadeh, A. (2023). Exercise Training to Improve Balance Ability for Individuals with Down Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Advances in Rehabilitation / Postępy Rehabilitacji. https://doi.org/10.5114/areh.2023.124256 Chicago Bahiraei, Saeid, Ebrahim M Nasab Firouzjah, and Aazam Abbaszadeh. 2023. "Exercise Training to Improve Balance Ability for Individuals with Down Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis". Advances in Rehabilitation / Postępy Rehabilitacji. doi:10.5114/areh.2023.124256. Harvard Bahiraei, S., Nasab Firouzjah, E., and Abbaszadeh, A. (2023). Exercise Training to Improve Balance Ability for Individuals with Down Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Advances in Rehabilitation / Postępy Rehabilitacji. https://doi.org/10.5114/areh.2023.124256 MLA Bahiraei, Saeid et al. "Exercise Training to Improve Balance Ability for Individuals with Down Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis." Advances in Rehabilitation / Postępy Rehabilitacji, 2023. doi:10.5114/areh.2023.124256. Vancouver Bahiraei S, Nasab Firouzjah E, Abbaszadeh A. Exercise Training to Improve Balance Ability for Individuals with Down Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Advances in Rehabilitation / Postępy Rehabilitacji. 2023. doi:10.5114/areh.2023.124256.