Improvement In Overactive Bladder Symptoms Research Articles

Resolution of Overactive Bladder Symptoms After Anterior and Apical Prolapse Repair.

Patients often present with both overactive bladder (OAB) and pelvic organ prolapse (POP) concerns. It is unknown whether treatment of POP improves OAB. This study aimed to evaluate whether OAB improves after anterior/apical POP repair for anterior wall prolapse. This was a prospective study of women with anterior/apical prolapse at or beyond the hymen and concomitant OAB symptoms, undergoing apical repair. Overactive bladder severity was evaluated with the Urogenital Distress Inventory-6 (UDI-6) questionnaire and the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire-7 preoperatively and 2, 6, 12, and 24 weeks postoperatively. The primary outcome was a reduction of ≥11 points or greater on the UDI-6 at 6 months. Those who reported an ≥11-point reduction were termed responders. Multivariable regression analyses were performed to evaluate factors associated with reduction in OAB symptoms after POP surgery. A total of 117 patients met the criteria for analysis, with 79.5% reporting improved OAB symptoms after POP repair at 6 months. There were no preoperative differences between groups. The mean preoperative UDI-6 and Incontinence Impact Questionnaire-7 scores were higher in the responder group (51.1 ± 16.8 vs 26.4 ± 15.1 [P < 0.001] and 44.6 ± 23.8 vs 22.8 ± 21.4 [P = 0.001], respectively), and the presence of detrusor overactivity was lower (29.0% vs 54.2%, P = 0.02). After regression, a higher preoperative UDI-6 total was associated with an increased likelihood of symptom improvement at 6 months (adjusted odds ratio, 1.14 per point [1.08-1.19]), whereas detrusor overactivity on preoperative urodynamics was associated with a decreased likelihood of OAB symptom improvement (adjusted odds ratio, 0.10 [0.02-0.44]). Overactive bladder symptoms improve in the majority of patients undergoing apical repair for anterior/apical prolapse beyond the hymen.

Regular and Irregular Use and Reasons for Discontinuation of Solifenacin Therapy in Patients with Overactive Bladder Managed by Urologists.

Solifenacin, a selective muscarinic receptor antagonist, is one of the best-tolerated and most effective medicines that relieve storage symptoms in patients with an overactive bladder (OAB). However, the persistence of solifenacin in daily clinical practice remains far below that reported in clinical trials. This study aimed to analyze the adherence of patients to the therapy and the reasons for solifenacin discontinuation and non-regular use in OAB patients managed by urologists. Data concerning non-compliance and the discontinuation of solifenacin, along with the reasons, were collected during two consecutive visits for 64,049 OAB outpatients. Over the two visits, 81.6% of the patients continued therapy, and 88.6% were taking solifenacin regularly. An age ≥ 75 yrs., the male sex, a rural or small-city dwelling, and a prescription of ≥10 mg predicted therapy continuation. The female sex, a higher education, a short or long duration of an OAB, and a non-idiopathic OAB predicted regular use. The persistence of nycturia and urinary incontinence during therapy predicted both discontinuation and non-regular use. Dissatisfaction with therapy was the most frequent reason for discontinuation. In conclusion, an initial prescription of solifenacin at a low dose reduces the chance of OAB symptom improvement and results in more frequent discontinuation. A high rate of discontinuation related to dissatisfaction suggests unrealistic expectations for OAB patients and insufficient education by urologists.

Effectiveness of Integrated Mindfulness-Based Fitness Training Program in Ameliorating Physical Symptoms and Survivor Concerns in Patients With Breast Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Patients with breast cancer typically experience both mental and physical distress after aggressive treatments. Some studies have explored the use of integrated interventions, such as mindfulness-based or exercise-based approaches, to reduce these symptoms. However, the results of these studies have been conflicting. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an integrated mindfulness-based fitness training (MBFT) program in addressing overactive bladder, fear of cancer recurrence, and female sexual function in patients with breast cancer. Fifty patients with breast cancer were either assigned to an 8-week MBFT group or a waitlist control group. The postintervention and preintervention scores were compared using descriptive analysis of the data set, as well as paired and independent t tests. There was no significant improvement in overactive bladder symptoms. Significant differences were observed in survivor concerns for items related to future diagnostic tests (t = 2.667, P = .024; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.120-1.335), another type of cancer (t = 2.667, P = .024; 95% CI, 0.120-1.335), cancer coming back (t = 4.183, P = .002; 95% CI, 0.297-0.975), dying (t = 2.609, P = .026; 95% CI, 0.093-1.180), and my health (t = 2.887, P = .016; 95% CI, 0.104-0.805). A significant difference was found in the item measuring overall sexual life satisfaction (t = -3.162, P = .013) and sexual desire (MBFT vs waitlist control group, 2.00 vs 1.18; P = .023). Mindfulness-based fitness training interventions were effective in enhancing the well-being of patients with breast cancer by reducing fear of recurrence and enhancing sexual function. These findings support the use of MBFT as complementary therapy. Healthcare providers should carefully assess the individual needs and preferences of each patient and tailor interventions accordingly. In addition, integrating multiple approaches may be more effective in reducing distress.

Urinary beta 3-adrenoceptor as a diagnostic biomarker for overactive bladder in women

This study was to investigate urinary beta 3-adrenoceptor concentration as a biomarker for overactive bladder (OAB) and predictor of treatment outcomes in women receiving the beta 3-adrenoceptor agonist mirabegron. The study comprised 50 women identified with OAB and 35 women considered as healthy controls. All women with OAB received daily dosage of 50 mg of mirabegron for 12 weeks. Bladder diaries, OAB-related questionnaires, and global response assessment scale (GRAS) data were collected. Urinary beta 3-adrenoceptor concentration was measured through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All OAB-related questionnaires and GRAS indicated improved posttreatment urinary health. After mirabegron treatment, the frequency of micturition and urgency episodes decreased, but the urinary beta 3-adrenoceptor/creatinine (Cr) ratio increased. The urinary beta 3-adrenoceptor/creatinine ratio was identified as a sensitive biomarker for OAB with a confidence interval of 0.656 to 0.856 (p < 0.001). A negative correlation (− 0.431, p = 0.040) between this biomarker and health-related quality of life (HRQL) scores. The Beta 3-adrenoceptor/Cr levels increased significantly in the treatment-responsive group, while they remained unchanged in the unsatisfactory outcome group. This study shows that 12 weeks of mirabegron treatment improves OAB symptoms and HRQL. Furthermore, urinary beta 3-adrenoceptor concentration may be a diagnostic biomarker for OAB.

Percutaneous Tibial Nerve Stimulation in the Treatment of Refractory Idiopathic Overactive Bladder Syndrome: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Overactive bladder (OAB) is a syndrome defined as urinary urgency, accompanied by increased frequency and nocturia with or without urge incontinence, in the absence of urinary tract infection or other obvious pathology. The standard therapies are anticholinergic agents, selective beta-3 adrenoreceptor agonists, or intradetrusor injections of botulinum toxin (BTX-A). For patients with contraindications for BTX-A or drug therapies, percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) may be used. PTNS shows fewer side effects than anticholinergic drugs and costs less than BTX-A. The primary outcome of this study was to assess the efficacy of PTNS in women with refractory OAB. Women with refractory OAB undergoing PTNS at our tertiary referral center from 2017 to 2019 were included. The validated German Female Pelvic Floor Questionnaire and a micturition protocol were filled out before and after PTNS. PTNS was applied weekly for 12 weeks. Improvements in OAB symptoms were seen in daily micturition frequency, urgency, and urgency incontinence from pre- to post-PTNS (p < 0.006). Impairments to quality of daily life were significantly (p < 0.0002) less severe after PTNS. There was a significant reduction in daytime voiding frequency from a median of nine to five (p < 0.0001). Substantial reductions in OAB symptoms, daily micturition frequency, urgency, and urgency incontinence were found in patients with refractory OAB after PTNS.

Bladder neck incompetence could be an etiology of overactive bladder syndrome in women with stress urinary incontinence after anti-incontinence surgery: insights from transrectal sonography.

To investigate the prevalence of bladder neck incompetence (BNI) and the anatomic differences between different types of urinary incontinence (UI) and overactive bladder (OAB) by transrectal sonography, and to investigate these differences among those with stress UI (SUI) or mixed UI (MUI) who exhibited de novo or persistent OAB symptoms following anti-incontinence surgery. A retrospective analysis was conducted on a total of 184 patients with SUI, MUI, urge UI (UUI), or OAB dry who underwent transrectal ultrasound between 2017 and 2022. The presence of BNI and urethral incompetence assessed by transrectal ultrasound were recorded in all included patients, and recorded preoperatively and postoperatively among patients with SUI and MUI who underwent anti-incontinence surgery. Among the patients, 91%, 84%, 76%, and 71% exhibited BNI in MUI, SUI, UUI, OAB dry group, respectively. Significantly higher rate of patients with BNI were found in MUI than in OAB dry group. Patients with OAB symptoms after anti-incontinence surgery exhibited significantly higher rates of BNI and urethral incompetence than those who did not have postoperative OAB symptoms. Among MUI patients with preoperative BNI, significantly lower rate of postoperative BNI and urethral incompetence was observed in individuals who had improved OAB symptoms after surgery, compared to those without improvement. A higher BNI rate was observed in the MUI group. A significantly higher BNI rate was observed in women with OAB symptoms after anti-incontinence surgery. Patients with MUI had improved OAB symptoms if BNI was successfully corrected after anti-incontinence surgery.

A Retrospective Cohort Study on the Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Improvement of Overactive Bladder Symptoms in Women with Pelvic Organ Prolapse.

Overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms are common in women with pelvic organ prolapse (POP), but the explanation is unclear. It is also uncertain whether OAB symptoms improve or persist after POP reduction. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors for OAB symptoms in women with POP, and to compare the improvement of OAB symptoms among women in three treatment groups: pelvic floor exercise, pessary, and surgery. This retrospective cohort study included patients who visited our urogynecology clinic from January 2016 to December 2020. The Pelvic Floor Bother Questionnaire was used to evaluate selected pelvic floor symptoms (OAB and POP). Demographic characteristics and clinical findings, including Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification System and number of prolapsed compartments, were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify risk factors for OAB symptoms in women with POP. Subgroup analyses were performed in 533 patients to evaluate the improvement of OAB symptoms following POP treatment. A total of 754 patients were analyzed. The incidence of OAB symptoms was 70% (533/754) and two-thirds (65%) reported moderate to severe bother. The lowest points of the anterior wall (OR 0.60; 95% CI 0.41-0.87; p = 0.01), longer perineal body (OR 0.78; 95% CI 0.21-0.76; p = 0.02), and previous vaginal delivery (OR 2.10; 95% CI 1.14-3.89; p = 0.02) were identified as significant risk factors. In the subgroup analyses, improvement in OAB symptoms was observed in 36.6% (195/533) of women who underwent POP treatment. Compared with pelvic floor exercise, pessary (OR 1.40; 95% CI 0.94-2.07; p = 0.10) and surgery (OR 1.30; 95% CI 0.80-2.12; p = 0.28) had higher odd ratios but the effects were not significant. The prevalence of OAB symptoms in women with POP was high at 70%. Improvement in OAB symptoms was observed in one-third of women who underwent POP treatment. However, there were no significant differences between the treatment methods.

Comparison of Mirabegron and Vibegron in Women With Treatment-Naive Overactive Bladder: A Randomized Controlled Study

ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy and safety of mirabegron versus vibegron in postmenopausal women with treatment-naïve overactive bladder (OAB). MethodsWe conducted a prospective randomized controlled study of women with treatment-naïve OAB. The patients received mirabegron or vibegron at 50 mg daily for 12 weeks by a stratified randomized method. The OAB symptom score (OABSS) and quality of life (QOL) index were evaluated before and 4 and 12 weeks after the treatment. The patients’ 3-day voiding diary and postvoided residual urine volumes were evaluated before and 12 weeks after the treatment. ResultsOf 213 patients initially enrolled in this study, 199 patients were randomized to the mirabegron group (n = 97) or vibegron group (n = 102). Twelve weeks after the treatment, OABSS, QOL index, the numbers of micturition, urgency episodes, incontinence episodes, and voided volume per 24 hours were significantly improved compared with the baseline in both groups, and there was no significant difference in the rate of change in both groups. The postvoid residual urine volume was not significantly different in the 2 groups at 12 weeks. Discontinuation because of adverse effects was observed in 6.2% of patients in the mirabegron group and 6.8% in the vibegron group, with no significant difference between 2 groups. ConclusionBoth mirabegron at 50 mg and vibegron at 50 mg improved OAB symptoms and the parameters of voiding diary equally in postmenopausal women with treatment naïve OAB.

Pre- versus Post-Menopausal Onset of Overactive Bladder and the Response to Vaginal Estrogen Therapy: A Prospective Study

Background and Objectives: This study examined the utility of local estrogen therapy for improving urinary symptoms in women diagnosed with Overactive Bladder allied to the time of onset of urinary symptoms whether pre- or post-menopausal. Materials and Methods: Subject to informed consent, menopausal women diagnosed with Overactive Bladder (OAB) and Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause (GSM) were enrolled at three urogynecological units. OAB symptoms were scored using the Global Pelvic Floor Symptoms Bother Questionnaire (GPFSBQ), with explicit attention to question number 3 that specifically addresses the presence or absence of urgency and the Patient Perception of Intensity of Urgency Scale (PPIUS). The Vaginal Health Index (VHI) was used to assess the vaginal mucosa trophism. Exclusion criteria included: Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) ≥ stage II, urinary tract infection or disease, diabetes, inflammatory diseases, use of diuretics, alcohol or drug addictions, neurological and/or psychiatric disorders, and other precluding conditions. Women were treated with local estrogens for 3 months and re-evaluated. Results: Forty-three post-menopausal women were enrolled. Of these, ten women developed OAB symptoms before menopause (Group I) and 33 developed symptoms after menopause (Group II). Following local estrogen therapy, based on the Global Pelvic Floor Symptoms Bother Questionnaire, improvement of OAB symptoms was reported by 20% of patients in Group I (p = 0.414) and 64% of patients in Group II, (p = 0.002). Based on the PPIUS scale, diminution in urinary urgency was experienced by 20% of patients in Group I (p = 0.68) and 66% of patients in Group II (p = 0.036). Improved VHI scores were graded statisticaly significant in both groups (Group I in 100% of women, p = 0.005 vs. 76% in Group II, p = 0.004). Conclusions: Our results indicate that local estrogen therapy is more effective in women who develop OAB after menopause.

Vaginal Hormone Therapy for Conditions of the Lower Urinary Tract.

Up to half of postmenopausal women experience genitourinary symptoms secondary to hormone deficiency, and there is little consensus on the use of vaginal hormone therapy (VHT) for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in these patients. This is a review of the scientific literature in the last decade evaluating the use of VHT for disorders of the lower urinary tract including overactive bladder (OAB), stress urinary incontinence (SUI), recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI), and interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (ICS/BPS). Vaginal estrogen therapy improves OAB symptoms in postmenopausal women, but results are mixed when VHT is used in combination with other treatments. There is inconclusive or limited data for the use of VHT to treat SUI and IC/BPS. Vaginal estrogen and prasterone (DHEA) therapies have demonstrated efficacy as treatment modalities for patients who experience recurrent UTIs. VHT preparations show efficacy for the treatment of certain LUTS and can be considered in carefully selected patients when clinically indicated.

Acupuncture for treating overactive bladder in adults.

Acupuncture for treating overactive bladder in adults.

Does treatment of lichen sclerosus improve overactive bladder symptoms?

Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic disease which mainly affects the vulvar area in women. A few studies have shown a possible relationship between LS and overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms, but no studies have investigated whether OAB symptoms improve after initiating treatment of LS. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the treatment of LS also improves OAB symptoms in women newly diagnosed with LS. This was a prospective cohort pilot study based on questionnaires from women newly diagnosed with LS and with symptoms of OAB. Women above the age of 18 who were newly diagnosed with LS were included. The women completed two questionnaires on OAB at inclusion and after 3months. The questionnaires consisted of the validated questionnaires OAB-q (33 questions, maximum score 198) and ICIQ-OAB (8 questions, maximum score 56). All women initiated treatment with local steroid by the time of the LS diagnosis. A total of 40 women were included, and 13 women dropped out during the data collection time. Comparing month 0 to month 3 for the remaining 27 women, a mean difference at 28.8 points was observed for OAB-q and a mean difference of 5.7 points was observed for ICIQ-OAB. Both results showed a statistically significant difference after 3months (p < 0.05). A total of 92.6% (25/27) of the women improved their symptoms. Treatment with local steroid might improve OAB symptoms in women newly diagnosed with LS.

Ultrasound Evaluation of Mid-Urethral Sling Position: A Potential Predictor of Outcomes and Adverse Effects

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate mid-urethral sling (MUS) position and its association with postoperative outcomes and complications. Design: This was a prospective cohort study. Ninety-two women who underwent MUS procedure with a median follow-up period of 11 months (interquartile range 5–24 months) were recruited. Participants/Materials, Setting, Methods: Two-dimensional trans-labial ultrasound with an endovaginal probe was used to visualize the urethral length (UL), sling distance to the bladder neck (BN) and to the urethra longitudinal smooth muscle (LSM). Results: Mean sling-LSM, UL, and sling-BN distances were 5.97 ± 2.04 mm, 28.66 ± 3.19 mm, and 18.85 ± 4.46 mm, respectively. Sling position relative to BN (proximal vs. middle vs. distal) was not associated with surgery outcomes and complications; however, mean sling-LSM in patients with exposure (4.3%) was significantly higher compared to those who did not experience exposure (8.80 ± 1.9 mm vs. 5.8 ± 2.0 mm, p = 0.048). Moreover, the mean sling-LSM distance was associated with patient satisfaction (5.87 ± 2.0 mm in satisfied patients with VAS > 6 vs. 6.29 ± 2.1 mm in unsatisfied patients, p value = 0.043). Likewise, patients who had worsened or showed de novo overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms (8.8%) had significantly higher mean sling-LSM distance compared to patients with improved OAB symptoms (6.52 ± 2.0 mm vs. 5.37 ± 1.9 mm, p = 0.007). Mean sling-LSM distance was lower in patients with recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI), voiding dysfunction, and improved stress urinary incontinence, whereas patients with dyspareunia after surgery had higher mean sling-LSM distance; however, these differences were not statistically significant. Limitations: Both trans-obturator and retropubic procedures with or without concomitant prolapse surgery were assessed. Heterogeneity of the study population and pelvic floor ultrasound being performed by a single urogynecologist were the limitations of the current study. Conclusions: Ultrasound visualization of MUS is feasible and has the potential to predict outcomes and complications. High sling-LSM distance was associated with exposure, and low sling-LSM distance with increased satisfaction rate, probability of voiding dysfunction, and recurrent UTI.

PD38-12 LONG-TERM PATIENT-REPORTED OUTCOMES OF VIBEGRON FOR OVERACTIVE BLADDER: ANALYSES FROM THE EMPOWUR EXTENSION TRIAL

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 May 2022PD38-12 LONG-TERM PATIENT-REPORTED OUTCOMES OF VIBEGRON FOR OVERACTIVE BLADDER: ANALYSES FROM THE EMPOWUR EXTENSION TRIAL David Staskin, Susann Varano, Heather Greene, Elizabeth Thomas, and Jeffrey Frankel David StaskinDavid Staskin More articles by this author , Susann VaranoSusann Varano More articles by this author , Heather GreeneHeather Greene More articles by this author , Elizabeth ThomasElizabeth Thomas More articles by this author , and Jeffrey FrankelJeffrey Frankel More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000002596.12AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Overactive bladder (OAB) may significantly impact quality of life (QoL) if not managed well. Vibegron is efficacious for OAB, shown in the 12-week phase 3 EMPOWUR trial and in the 40-week EMPOWUR extension trial. Vibegron showed significantly greater improvements vs placebo at week 12 in OAB questionnaire (OAB-q) scores and Patient Global Impression (PGI) scores, 2 patient-reported outcome (PRO) tools concerning QoL. This analysis of the EMPOWUR extension trial investigated the long-term effect of vibegron on QoL. METHODS: Patients completing EMPOWUR could enter the 40-week extension (NCT03583372) and continue vibegron 75 mg or tolterodine 4 mg extended release or be randomly assigned treatment 1:1 (if previously on placebo). The OAB-q (health-related QoL [HRQL] total [comprising coping, concern, sleep, social interaction] and symptom bother) and PGI items (Severity, Control, Frequency, Leakage, Change) were completed at baseline and at weeks 12, 24, and 52. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze change from baseline at week 52 in OAB-q HRQL total and subscale scores and PGI subscale scores among patients receiving 52 weeks of active treatment. RESULTS: Overall, 298 patients (n=164, vibegron; n=134, tolterodine) and 300 patients (n=166, vibegron; n=134, tolterodine) had evaluable change from baseline at week 52 OAB-q and PGI scores, respectively. Baseline PRO scores were similar between treatment groups. Improvements in OAB-q scores seen in the 12-week trial were maintained for the 40-week extension for patients continuing on vibegron for 52 weeks (Table). Improvements from baseline in the PGI subscale scores from the 12-week trial were also maintained with continuing treatment in the 40-week extension; at week 52, 69.9% of patients receiving vibegron experienced ≥1-category improvement in PGI-Severity; 69.9%, PGI-Control; 74.4%, PGI-Frequency; 74.8%, PGI-Leakage; and 67.6%, PGI-Change (Table). CONCLUSIONS: Consistent with long-term improvements in OAB symptoms and a favorable safety and tolerability profile, vibegron for 52 weeks was associated with sustained and patient-perceived meaningful improvements in OAB-q and PGI scores in the EMPOWUR extension trial. Source of Funding: Urovant Sciences © 2022 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 207Issue Supplement 5May 2022Page: e650 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2022 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information David Staskin More articles by this author Susann Varano More articles by this author Heather Greene More articles by this author Elizabeth Thomas More articles by this author Jeffrey Frankel More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...

Mirabegron attenuates porcine ureteral contractility via α1-adrenoceptor antagonism

The β3-agonist mirabegron is thought to induce relaxation of the detrusor muscle, contributing to the improvement of overactive bladder symptoms. There has been recent interest in purposing mirabegron as a medical expulsive therapy drug to improve the passage of smaller kidney stones by relaxing the ureteral smooth muscles. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of mirabegron on the activity of the ureter. Additionally, we investigated the receptor and mechanisms through which mirabegron exerts these effects. In vitro agonist-induced responses of isolated porcine distal ureteral tissues were measured in the absence and presence of mirabegron in organ bath experiments. The responses were expressed as frequency, area under the curve and maximum amplitude. Mirabegron at concentrations of 100 nM and lower failed to suppress phenylephrine- or 5-HT-induced contractions in the porcine ureteral strip. Mirabegron at 1 μM and 10 μM produced a rightward shift of phenylephrine concentration–response curves in these tissues. This effect of mirabegron (10 μM) was not present in 5-HT concentration–response curves. The mirabegron effect on phenylephrine-induced contractions was also not abolished by β-adrenoceptor antagonist SR 59230A (10 μM), β-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol (10 μM), α2-adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine (30 nM), and nitric oxide synthase inhibitor l-NNA (10 μM). The present results show that mirabegron suppresses ureteral contractile responses in the porcine ureter via α1-adrenoceptor antagonism, since their effects were not present when the tissues were contracted with 5-HT. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects by mirabegron were not affected by β3-adrenoceptor antagonists.

Clinical Correlation Between Overactive Bladder and Allergy in Children.

Background:The International Children's Continence Society defines overactive bladder (OAB) as a clinical syndrome characterized by urgency of urination usually accompanied by frequent urination and nocturia symptoms. This study aims to explore the correlation between overactive bladder (OAB) and allergy in children.Method:The clinical characteristics of 918 patients diagnosed with OAB from January 2020 to March 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Risk factors for OAB were analyzed using logistic regression analysis, and the effect of desloratadine in the treatment of OAB was evaluated.Results:The incidence of allergic cough or allergic rhinitis in the mild OAB group was higher than the moderate–severe group. Urodynamics demonstrated that the proportion of patients with a sensitive bladder in the overactive detrusor group was significantly higher than the non-overactive detrusor group. The effective rate of treatment of OAB in patients complicated with allergies and taking desloratadine was 90.14%, which was significantly higher than in patients who were not taking desloratadine, and blood IgE level was a risk factor of ineffective treatment with desloratadine.Conclusion:OAB is correlated with allergies in children, and desloratadine can effectively improve OAB symptoms.

β3-Adrenoceptor Agonist for the Treatment of Bladder Dysfunction in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

ß3-adrenergic receptor agonists (ß3 agonists) have been used in treatment of overactive bladder (OAB) and neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) in adults. However, their use in children has only recently been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for patients with NDO. As in adults, the role of ß3 agonists in children may include conditions such as OAB. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to understand the intended use, efficacy and safety of ß3 agonists in the pediatric population. A literature search was performed in February 2021 across MEDLINE®, Embase®, Scopus®, the Cochrane Library and ClinicalTrials.gov. No language restrictions were placed. All records describing the clinical use of ß3 agonists in pediatric patients (<18 years of age) were included, regardless of the methodological design or outcomes assessed. The identified records were screened by 2 independent authors. The reporting was compliant with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement. Data extraction was performed by 2 independent reviewers, blinded to each other's extractions. The data were pooled using the fixed effects model. Of 367 records identified, 8 studies were included in the review (3 prospective and 5 retrospective). ß3 agonists led to improvements in both urodynamics parameters and self-reported outcomes such as incontinence. Commonly reported side effects were headaches (3%‒5.9%), constipation (3.5%‒5.7%), rhinitis/nasopharyngitis (1.7%‒5.8%) and blurred vision (1.7%‒2.9%). Clinically meaningful changes in safety outcomes (blood pressure, heart rate, electrocardiogram-related changes, liver function) were rare. Before and after ß3 agonist use, pooled effect estimates for maximum cystometric capacity for 171 patients were mean difference of +98.84 ml (95% CI 74.72, 122.96); for complete dryness, assessment of 235 patients showed a Peto odds ratio of 8.68 (95% CI 5.22, 14.45). ß3 agonists appear to be a promising, effective and safe alternative/adjunctive therapy in management of pediatric NDO or OAB, with improvements in both objective urodynamics parameters and subjective patient-reported outcomes following their use.

PD06-10 URINARY ATP LEVELS: A POTENTIAL BIOMARKER OF OVERACTIVE BLADDER TREATMENT RESPONSE FOLLOWING ONABOTULINUM TOXIN-A INJECTIONS

You have accessJournal of UrologyUrodynamics/Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction/Female Pelvic Medicine: Female Incontinence: Therapy I (PD06)1 Sep 2021PD06-10 URINARY ATP LEVELS: A POTENTIAL BIOMARKER OF OVERACTIVE BLADDER TREATMENT RESPONSE FOLLOWING ONABOTULINUM TOXIN-A INJECTIONS Samantha Freeman, Laura Tellechea, Ilir Agalliu, Melissa Laudano, Nitya Abraham, and Sylvia Suadicani Samantha FreemanSamantha Freeman More articles by this author , Laura TellecheaLaura Tellechea More articles by this author , Ilir AgalliuIlir Agalliu More articles by this author , Melissa LaudanoMelissa Laudano More articles by this author , Nitya AbrahamNitya Abraham More articles by this author , and Sylvia SuadicaniSylvia Suadicani More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000001974.10AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Overactive bladder (OAB) is diagnosed clinically based on symptoms. However, a biomarker may help provide objective measurement of disease severity and improvement after treatment. ATP is released from the urothelium and levels tend to be higher in animal models and patients with OAB. Bladder onabotulinum toxin-A (BTX-A) injections decrease stretch-induced ATP release in animal models, yet little is known about the effect of BTX-A on human urine ATP levels. The objective of this study is to quantify changes in voided urine ATP levels and correlate with OAB-V8 symptom improvement in women treated with BTX-A injection. METHODS: Urine samples were collected and frozen on dry ice from women prior to and after 100 units of BTX-A treatment. Urine ATP levels were quantified using the luciferin-luciferase luminescent assay. OAB-V8 questionnaires were administered at time of urine collection. Women with positive urine cultures or neurogenic bladder were excluded. Degree of OAB-V8 score improvement was used to categorize participants: non-responders (change<8), mild responders (change 8-16), moderate responders (change 17-24), and marked responders (change>24). Percent change in ATP level was compared based on OAB-V8 score improvement and statistical significance was determined using the Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS: Urine was collected from 23 female patients (OAB-V8 scores 2 to 40); 7 were excluded. Median age was 53.5 years (49.5-61.5). 8 patients had chronic pain disorders, 2 patients had Type 2 diabetes, and 6 patients had prior pelvic surgery. After BTX-A injections, responders had significantly lower median ATP levels compared to non-responders at 2 weeks (p=0.0268). When patients were classified according to OAB-V8 score improvement (non-responder, mild, moderate, marked responders), the improvement directly correlated with a decrease in ATP levels (Figure 1). CONCLUSIONS: Decreases in urine ATP levels after BTX-A injections were associated with clinical improvement in OAB symptoms. This may be the result of a direct or indirect effect of BTX-A on mechanisms of urothelial ATP release and signaling. Quantification of urine ATP may provide a valuable tool to assess treatment response and guide further management. Source of Funding: N/A © 2021 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 206Issue Supplement 3September 2021Page: e103-e104 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2021 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Samantha Freeman More articles by this author Laura Tellechea More articles by this author Ilir Agalliu More articles by this author Melissa Laudano More articles by this author Nitya Abraham More articles by this author Sylvia Suadicani More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...

Low-Intensity Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy Promotes Bladder Regeneration and Improves Overactive Bladder Induced by Ovarian Hormone Deficiency from Rat Animal Model to Human Clinical Trial.

Postmenopausal women with ovary hormone deficiency (OHD) are subject to overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms. The present study attempted to elucidate whether low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy (LiESWT) alters bladder angiogenesis, decreases inflammatory response, and ameliorates bladder hyperactivity to influence bladder function in OHD-induced OAB in human clinical trial and rat model. The ovariectomized (OVX) for 12 months Sprague–Dawley rat model mimicking the physiological condition of menopause was utilized to induce OAB and assess the potential therapeutic mechanism of LiESWT (0.12 mJ/mm2, 300 pulses, and 3 pulses/second). The randomized, single-blinded clinical trial was enrolled 58 participants to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of LiESWT (0.25 mJ/mm2, 3000 pulses, 3 pulses/second) on postmenopausal women with OAB. The results revealed that 8 weeks’ LiESWT inhibited interstitial fibrosis, promoted cell proliferation, enhanced angiogenesis protein expression, and elevated the protein phosphorylation of ErK1/2, P38, and Akt, leading to decreased urinary frequency, nocturia, urgency, urgency incontinence, and post-voided residual urine volume, but increased voided urine volume and the maximal flow rate of postmenopausal participants. In conclusion, LiESWT attenuated inflammatory responses, increased angiogenesis, and promoted proliferation and differentiation, thereby improved OAB symptoms, thereafter promoting social activity and the quality of life of postmenopausal participants.

Gene Therapy for Overactive Bladder: A Review of BK-Channel α-Subunit Gene Transfer.

A need exists for local (ie, bladder-specific) interventions to treat overactive bladder (OAB) with low risk of unwanted postprocedural outcomes. Gene therapy targeted to leverage endogenous physiology in bladder cells may assist in restoring normal cell and organ function. Herein, we review the potential promise of gene therapy for treating OAB, focusing on gene transfer of URO-902, a non-viral naked plasmid DNA expressing the big potassium (BK) channel. We searched PubMed for articles concerning functional aspects of the BK channel and its potential use for gene transfer as local OAB treatment. Results from preclinical, phase 1, and phase 2 studies of URO-902 for erectile dysfunction and phase 1 studies of URO-902 for OAB are included. The BK channel has been extensively studied; however, URO-902 is the first gene therapy used in clinical trials directed toward treating OAB via the BK channel. In both URO-902 studies, there were no serious adverse events considered treatment related and no adverse events leading to early withdrawal. Both studies included secondary efficacy endpoints with promising results suggesting improvement in OAB symptoms, and quality of life, with use of URO-902 versus placebo. Gene therapy involving the BK channel, such as gene transfer with URO-902, has demonstrated promising safety and efficacy results in women with OAB. Findings warrant further investigation of the use of URO-902 for OAB treatment.