Improvement In Left Atrial Function Research Articles

Assessment of Left Atrial Function in Ischemic Heart Patients before and after Cardiac Rehabilitation Using Speckle Tracking Echocardiography

Abstract Background Coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the most common forms of heart disease. It affects the heart by restricting or blocking the flow of blood around it. This can lead to anginal pain or myocardial infarction. Exercisebased cardiac rehabilitation aims to restore people with CHD to health through combination of exercise with education and psychological support. Aim of the Work to evaluate left atrial function in ischemic patients before and after cardiac rehabilitation using speckles tracking. Patients and Methods The study included 60 individuals who were recruited from Ain Shams University hospital. All patients were recruited from the cardiac rehabilitation unit. These patients had recent MI that was successfully revascularized one month before inclusion. They were recruited in the period between December 2019, and complete in December 2020, Echocardiography (including 2D STE for assessment of LA function) was performed at baseline, and after a 3-month follow-up for all patients. Results This result reveal that CR could improve LV global and regional function and should be used routinely as a part of management of patient after acute myocardial infarction, also LA function improved Regarding LA diameter (considered as the standard single plane dimension of left atrium) dropped from 36.93 ± 4.60 mm to 33.85 ± 4.86 after CR showing highly significant change, Left atrial volume index (LAVI) dropped from 20.63 ± 8.05 mL/m2 to 17.40 ± 6.37, after CR, Showing highly significant changes, Peak atrial longitudinal strain mean value and systolic strain rate median, both improved significantly (p < 0.001) after cardiac rehabilitation, with the former increasing from 15.21 ± 5.49 cm/s to 20.69 ± 8.13 cm/s and the latter increasing from 0.4 (0.25 ‒ 0.75)s-1 to 0.65 (0.5 ‒ 1.1) s-1. after CR. Conclusion Speckle tracking imaging of left atrium has proved to be a feasible and reproducible tool for the assessment of left atrial mechanics. With significant improvement in left atrial function after 3 months of exercise training CR program.

The Improvement of Left Atrial Function after Twelve Weeks of Supervised Concurrent Training in Patients with Heart Failure with Mid-Range Ejection Fraction: A Pilot Study.

Left atrial dysfunction is associated with exercise intolerance and poor prognosis in heart failure (HF). The effects of exercise training on atrial function in patients with HF with mid-range ejection fraction (HFmrEF) are unknown. The purpose of the present study was to assess the effects of a supervised concurrent training (SCT) program, lasting 12 weeks, on left atrial function of patients with HFmrEF. The study included 70 stable patients, who were randomly assigned into two groups: SCT with (three sessions/week) or a control (CON) group directed to follow contemporary exercise preventive guidelines at home. Before starting the training program and at 12 weeks, all patients performed an ergometric test, a 6 min walk test, and echocardiography. Between-group comparisons were made by analysis of variance (ANOVA). At 12 weeks, the duration of the ergometric test and distance walked at 6 min walk test presented a significant greater increase in SCT compared to the control (between-group p 0.0001 and p 0.004 respectively). Peak atrial longitudinal strain and conduit strain presented an increase of 29% and 34%, respectively, in the SCT, and were unchanged in CON (between-group p 0.008 and p 0.001, respectively). Peak atrial contraction strain increased by 21% in SCT, with no changes in CON (between-group p 0.002). Left ventricular global longitudinal strain increased significantly in SCT compared to control (between-groups p 0.03). In conclusions, SCT improved left atrial and left ventricular function in HFmrEF. Further studies are needed in order to verify whether these favourable effects of SCT on LA function are sustained and whether they will translate into clinical benefits for patients with HFmrEF.

Effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and their combination on left atrial strain and arterial function

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background We investigated the effects of insulin, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA), sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) and their combination on left atrial function of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and we searched for a relation with arterial function. Patients and methods A total of 201 patients (59,5±9,1 year old, 161 male) with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with metformin were randomized to insulin (n= 50 served as controls), liraglutide (n=51), empagliflozin (n=50) or their combination (GLP-1RA+SGLT- 2i) (n= 50) as add-on. We measured at baseline and 6 months posttreatment: (a) perfused boundary region of the sublingual arterial microvessels (marker of endothelial glycocalyx thickness), (b) pulse wave velocity (PWV) and central systolic blood pressure, (c) global left ventricular Longitudinal strain, (d) left atrial strain. Results Six months after intervention, all patients improved left atrial reservoir strain (GLP1RA 30,7±9,3 vs 33,9±9,7%, p = 0,011/SGLT2i 30±8,3 vs 32,3±7,3%, p = 0,04/ GLP1&SGLT2i 29,1±8,7 vs 31,3±8,2, p = 0,007) in comparison with controls (33±8,3% vs 32,8±7,4, p = 0,829). Also, patients treated with GLP1RA and their combination improved left atrial conduction strain (p<0.05). GLP-1RA or GLP-1RA+SGLT-2i provided a greater improvement in GLS compared with insulin or SGLT-2i (controls –18,5±3,9% vs − 19,1±3%, p = 0,202/GLP1RA –18,2±4,1% vs –19,1±3,5%, p = 0,03/SGLT2i –19±4,1% vs − 19,1±3,8%, p = 0,764/GLP1&SGLT2i –16,7±3,9% vs –17,5±4,3%, p = 0,026). SGLT-2i or GLP-1RA and SGLT-2i showed a greater decrease of PWV (Controls 12,06±3,02 vs 11,62±2,79 m/sec, p = 0,142/ GLP1 11,54±2,91 vs 11,45±2,52 m/sec, p = 0,822/ SGLT2 11,86±2,51 vs 11,33±2,28 m/sec, p = 0,047/ GLP1&SGLT2 12,01±2,46 vs 10,85±1,79 m/sec, p = 0,021) and central and brachial systolic blood pressure than insulin or GLP-1RA. At baseline, there was a correlation of LA reservoir strain with PWV (r =−0,209, p = 0,008), central SBP (r =−0,151, p = 0,030), EF (r=0,214, p = 0,004), GLS (r =−0,279, p = 0,009). At 6 months follow up, there was a correlation of LA reservoir strain with PWV (r=0,217, p = 0,003), central SBP (r =0,214, p = 0,004), EF (r=–0,221, p = 0,049), GLS (r =0,275, p = 0,014). Conclusions Treatment with GLP-1RA, SGLT-2i, and their combination for 6 months showed a greater improvement of left atrial function compared to insulin treatment in parallel with improvement arterial and myocardial function.

Left Atrial Function Predicts Atrial Arrhythmia Recurrence Following Ablation of Long-Standing Persistent Atrial Fibrillation.

Left atrial (LA) function following catheter or surgical ablation of de-novo long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) and its impact on AF recurrence was studied in patients participating in the CASA-AF trial (Catheter Ablation vs. Thoracoscopic Surgical Ablation in Long Standing Persistent Atrial Fibrillation). All patients underwent echocardiography preablation, 3 and 12 months post-ablation. LA structure and function were assessed by 2-dimensional volume and speckle tracking strain measurements of LA reservoir, conduit, and contractile strain. Left ventricular diastolic function was measured using transmitral Doppler filling velocities and myocardial tissue Doppler velocities to derive the e', E/e', and E/A ratios. Continuous rhythm monitoring was achieved using an implantable loop recorder. Eighty-three patients had echocardiographic data suitable for analysis. Their mean age was 63.6±9.7 years, 73.5% were male, had AF for 22.8±11.6 months, and had a mean LA maximum volume of 48.8±13.8 mL/m2. Thirty patients maintained sinus rhythm, and 53 developed AF recurrence. Ablation led to similar reductions in LA volumes at follow-up in both rhythm groups. However, higher LA emptying fraction (36.3±10.6% versus 27.9±9.9%; P<0.001), reservoir strain (22.6±8.5% versus 16.7±5.7%; P=0.001), and contractile strain (9.2±3.4% versus 5.6±2.5%; P<0.001) were noted in the sinus rhythm compared with AF recurrence group following ablation at 3 months. Diastolic function was better in the sinus rhythm compared with the AF recurrence group with an E/A ratio of 1.5±0.5 versus 2.2±1.2 (P<0.001) and left ventricular E/e' ratio of 8.0±2.1 versus 10.3±4.1 (P<0.001), respectively. LA contractile strain at 3 months was the only independent predictor of AF recurrence. Following ablation for long-standing persistent AF, improvement in LA function was greater in those who maintained sinus rhythm. LA contractile strain at 3 months was the most important determinant of AF recurrence following ablation. URL: https://www. gov; Unique identifier: NCT02755688.

Left atrial function and not volume predicts mid-to-late atrial fibrillation after mitral valve repair.

Patients undergoing surgical mitral valve repair (MVr) for degenerative mitral regurgitation are at risk of even late postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF). Left atrial (LA) function has been shown superior to LA volume in evaluating the risk of AF in diverse cardiac conditions. We therefore investigated the prognostic value of LA function and volume in predicting mid-to-late postoperative AF after MVr (>30 days postoperatively). We retrospectively identified all patients who underwent MVr for degenerative mitral regurgitation between 2012 and 2019 at our institution. Exclusion criteria were preoperative AF, concomitant procedures, re-operations, missing or insufficiently processable preoperative echocardiograms and missing follow-up. LA function and volume measurements were conducted using speckle-tracking strain echocardiographic analysis. Postoperative LA function was measured in a subgroup with sufficient postoperative echocardiograms. We included 251 patients, of whom 39 (15.5%) experienced AF in the mid-to-late postoperative period. Reduced LA strain parameters and more than mild preoperative tricuspid regurgitation were independently associated with mid-to-late postoperative AF. LA volume index had no association with mid-to-late postoperative AF in univariable analysis and did not improve the performance of multivariable models. Patients with mid-to-late AF exhibited diminished improvement in LA function after surgery. In MVr patients, LA function (but not volume) showed independent predictive value for mid-to-late postoperative AF. Including LA function into surgical decision-making and approach may identify patients who will benefit from earlier intervention with the aim to prevent irreversible LA damage with consequent risk of postoperative AF.

792 FULL EVALUATION OF LEFT ATRIAL FUNCTION AFTER MITRACLIP IMPLANTATION

Abstract Objective interventional edge-to-edge repair by MitraClip ™ is widely demonstrated to be able to reduce the degree of MR in patients with high surgical risk. The left atrial (LA) dysfunction in patients with severe MR is associated with poor prognosis and its changes after MV repair is reported in several studies. While, little is known about the full evaluation of the LA function by Two-dimensional speckle echocardiography tracking (2D STE) Materials and methods from March 2015 to December 2021, clinical and echocardiographic data of 67 patients with MR who underwent Mitraclip™ implantation in our division were evaluated for LA function. Strain Reservoir (S_R), Conduit Strain (S_Cd), Contractile Strain (S_Ct), LA emptying Fraction (LAEF_4CH), LAESV (Left atrial end-systolic volume), LAEDV (Left atrial end-diastolic volume) at baseline, at 1 month, at 6 months and 1 year of follow up were assessed. The variation of continuous variables was evaluated using a student T test for paired data. The categorical variables between baseline, at 1 month, at 6 months and 1 year of follow up were evaluated using the ANOVA test. The Multiple Bonferroni test comparison was conducted as a post hoc analysis P values &amp;lt;0.05 were considered significant. Results the etiology of the MR was primary in 29,2% and secondary in 70,8% of the included patients. The MR degree was 3+ in 16,9% of patients and 4+ in 81,5%. When compared to baseline at 6 months and 1 year a statistically significant improvement was observed for LAEF_4CH (p 0.006 and &amp;lt;0.001) and at 1 year for S_R (p 0.013) and S_Cd (p 0.033). When compared at 1 month the S-R improvement was observed at 6 months and 1 year (shown in Table 1). Finally, no significant changes were observed in S_Ct at different time point analyzed. Conclusions the MR improvement after MitraClip™ procedure allows hemodynamic changes with LA remodeling which can be detected by 2D STE through an improvement in LA function. These data emphasize the hypothesis that these echocardiographic parameters represent an advanced method to evaluate the response to device implantation.

Spontaneous left atrial echo contrast, mitral annular systolic velocity, and left atrial appendage late emptying velocity in predicting improvement of left atrial function after percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty

Spontaneous left atrial echo contrast, mitral annular systolic velocity, and left atrial appendage late emptying velocity in predicting improvement of left atrial function after percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty

Decreased left atrial function in morbid obese patients without known cardiac disease

Abstract Background Obesity is an important risk factor for atrial fibrillation and heart failure. However, little is known about the underlying pathophysiology. Left atrial (LA) dysfunction due to diastolic dysfunction and chronic volume overload may play a significant role in morbid obesity. Purpose To compare LA function in morbid obese and non-obese individuals, and secondly, to determine whether LA function in morbid obese patients improves one year after bariatric surgery. Methods Data of morbid obese patients without known cardiac disease included in the CARdiac Dysfunction In Obesity (CARDIOBESE) study were used. Patients and age- and gender matched non-obese controls underwent transthoracic echocardiography. In the morbid obese patients echocardiography was repeated 1 year after bariatric surgery. LA reservoir strain (LASr), LA conduit strain (LAScd), and LA contractile strain (LASct) were analyzed with speckle tracking using dedicated software (TomTecArena, integrated in Sectra IDS7). Results 64 morbid obese patients were compared with 46 non-obese controls. Obese patients had significantly decreased LA function compared with non-obese individuals (LASr 39.6±10.8% vs 31.3±8.3%, p&amp;lt;0.001; LAScd −24.9±8.3% vs −19.5±7.2%, p&amp;lt;0.001; LASct −14.7±5.3% vs −11.8±3.5%, p=0.002). There was no significant difference in diastolic function between the non-obese and morbid obese group (normal function 38.2% vs 52.7%, intermediate function 3.6% vs 4.5%, dysfunction 0% vs 0.9%, p=0.689). In 47 obese patients LA strain did not improve significantly 1 year after bariatric surgery, although there was a trend of improvement in all phases of LA function (LASr 31.0±8.2% vs 33.1±8.2%, p=0.089; LAScd −19.4±7.1% vs −20.4±6.6%, p=0.349; LASct −11.6±3.3% vs −12.8±5.4%, p=0.151). Conclusions Morbid obese patients without known cardiac disease have impairment in all phases of LA function. This subclinical cardiac dysfunction would have remained largely unmasked with assessment of diastolic function according to current guidelines, as shown by the comparable proportion of obese and non-obese individuals with diastolic dysfunction. LA dysfunction in obesity may therefore be an early sign of cardiac disease and a predictor for developing atrial fibrillation and heart failure. LA function did not improve one year after bariatric surgery. Longer follow-up after bariatric surgery may be needed to investigate whether improvement of LA function will occur after a longer period following weight loss surgery. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Public hospital(s). Main funding source(s): BeterKeten Outcomes of the study populationLeft atrial strain outcomes

Effect ofglucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and their combination on left atrial strain and arterial function

Abstract Background We investigated the effects of insulin, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA), sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) and their combination on left atrial function of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and we searched for a relation with arterial function. Methods A total of 213 patients (59,5±9,1 year old, 161 male) with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with metformin were randomized to insulin (n=46 served as controls), liraglutide (n=40), empagliflozin (n=46) or their combination (GLP-1RA + SGLT-2i) (n=50) as add-on. We measured at baseline and 6 months posttreatment: (a) perfused boundary region of the sublingual arterial microvessels (marker of endothelial glycocalyx thickness), (b) pulse wave velocity (PWV) and central systolic blood pressure, (c) global left ventricular Longitudinal strain, (d) left atrial strain. Results Six months after intervention, all patients improved left atrial reservoir strain (GLP1RA 30,7±9,3 vs 33,9±9,7%, p=0,011 / SGLT2i 30±8,3 vs 32,3±7,3%, p=0,04 / GLP1 &amp; SGLT2i 29,1±8,7 vs 31,3±8,2, p=0,007) in comparison with controls (33±8,3% vs 32,8±7,4, p=0,829). Also, patients treated with GLP1RA and their combination improved left atrial conduction strain (p&amp;lt;0.05). GLP-1RA or GLP-1RA + SGLT-2i provided a greater improvement in GLS compared with insulin or SGLT-2i (controls −18,5±3,9% vs −19,1±3%, p=0,202 / GLP1RA −18,2±4,1% vs −19,1±3,5%, p=0,03 / SGLT2i −19±4,1% vs −19,1±3,8%, p=0,764 / GLP1 &amp; SGLT2i −16,7±3,9% vs −17,5±4,3%, p=0,026). SGLT-2i or GLP-1RA and SGLT-2i showed a greater decrease of PWV (Controls 12,06±3,02 vs 11,62±2,79 m/sec, p=0,142 / GLP1 11,54±2,91 vs 11,45±2,52 m/sec, p=0,822 / SGLT2 11,86±2,51 vs 11,33±2,28 m/sec, p=0,047 / GLP1 &amp; SGLT2 12,01±2,46 vs 10,85±1,79 m/sec, p=0,021) and central and brachial systolic blood pressure than insulin or GLP-1RA. At baseline, there was a correlation of LA reservoir strain with PWV (r=−0,209, p=0,008), central SBP (r=−0,151, p=0,030), EF (r=0,214, p=0,004), GLS (r=−0,279, p=0,009). At 6 months follow up, there was a correlation of LA reservoir strain with PWV (r=0,217, p=0,003), central SBP (r=0,214, p=0,004), EF (r=−0,221, p=0,049), GLS (r=0,275, p=0,014). Conclusions Treatment with GLP-1RA, SGLT-2i, and their combination for 6 months showed a greater improvement of left atrial function compared to insulin treatment in parallel with improvement arterial and myocardial function. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

The impact of left atrial strain parameters on systolic and diastolic improvement following TAVI

Abstract Introduction Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) can improve left ventricular (LV) mechanics and has been shown to improve long term survival. Data on the prognostic value of left atrial (LA) strain following TAVI are scarce. LA strain – a surrogate of LV filling pressure - can aid the early detection of diastolic dysfunction and correlates with the extent of fibrosis in atrial remodelling. Purpose In this multimodality study, we aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of LA function measured before hospital discharge following TAVI and to further elucidate its association with LV and LA reverse remodelling. Methods In this prospective single center study, we investigated 90 patients (mean age 78.5 years, 46.7% female) with severe, symptomatic aortic stenosis (AS) who underwent transthoracic echocardiography immediately after TAVI and 6 months later. LA and LV global longitudinal strain parameters were obtained by speckle tracking echocardiography. CT angiography (CTA) was performed for pre-TAVI planning and repeated at 6 months follow-up. LV mass values were derived from the serial CTA images. We defined LV reverse remodelling as reduction of myocardial mass quantified on CTA and as an improvement of LV global longitudinal strain (GLS). LA reverse remodelling was assessed based on the peak reservoir strain values (LAGS). The association of LA and LV global strain parameters, LA stiffness, systolic and diastolic functional parameters and LV mass based reverse remodelling were analysed using Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression models. Results The mean LAGS and LVGLS values were 17.7% and 15.3% at discharge and 20.2% and 16.6% at follow-up, respectively (p=0.024, p&amp;lt;0.001). LA and LV strain values improved in 60.6% and 74.5% of all patients. Reduced LAGS (&amp;lt;20%) was found in 66.7% of all patients at baseline. LA strain at discharge correlated significantly with diastolic parameters (E wave, E/e', LAVI, all p&amp;lt;0.05). Atrial reverse remodelling based on LAGS change correlated with LVGLS change (p&amp;lt;0.01, standardized β=0.53) and LAGS at discharge (p=0.012, standardized β=−0.30). LAGS correlated with the extent of morphological LV remodelling based on LV mass reduction (p=0.002, coeff: 0.36). Elevated LA stiffness at discharge (upper tercile) leads to substantially lower LAGS at 6 months versus patients with lower LA stiffness value (1. and 2. tercile): 16.4±10.0 vs 21.9±9.8, p=0.042. Conclusion Patients with reduced LAGS immediately after TAVI showed a larger extent of LV reverse remodelling during follow up. On the other hand, increased LA stiffness at discharge was consistent with irreversible LA damage as demonstrated by a lack of improvement in LA function. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

The Influence of Surgical Weight Reduction on Left Atrial Strain

BackgroundObesity increases and surgical weight reduction decreases the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF). We hypothesized that surgically induced weight loss may favorably affect left atrial (LA) mechanical function measured by longitudinal strain, which has recently emerged as an independent imaging biomarker of increased AF and HF risk.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated echocardiograms performed before and 12.2 ± 2.2 months after bariatric surgery in 65 patients with severe obesity (mean age 39 [36; 47] years, 72% of females) with no known cardiac disease or arrhythmia. The LA mechanical function was measured by the longitudinal strain using the semi-automatic speckle tracking method.ResultsAfter surgery, body mass index decreased from 43.72 ± 4.34 to 30.04 ± 4.33 kg/m2. We observed a significant improvement in all components of the LA strain. LA reservoir strain (LASR) and LA conduit strain (LASCD) significantly increased (35.7% vs 38.95%, p = 0.0005 and − 19.6% vs − 24.4%, p < 0.0001) and LA contraction strain (LASCT) significantly decreased (− 16% vs − 14%, p = 0.0075). There was a significant correlation between an increase in LASR and LASCD and the improvement in parameters of left ventricular diastolic and longitudinal systolic function (increase in E’ and MAPSE). Another significant correlation was identified between the decrease in LASCT and an improvement in LA function (decrease in A’).ConclusionsThe left atrial mechanical function improves after bariatric surgery. It is partially explained by the beneficial effect of weight reduction on the left ventricular diastolic and longitudinal systolic function. This effect may contribute to decreased risk of AF and HF after bariatric surgery.Graphical abstract

Effect of Left Atrial Appendage Closure in Combination With Catheter Ablation on Left Atrial Function for Persistent Atrial Fibrillation.

Background: A single procedure combining left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) plus catheter ablation (CA) has been proven to be safe and feasible for treating atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the influence of treatment modality on left atrial (LA) function is not thoroughly explained.Objective: We aimed to investigate the changes of LA function in persistent AF patients undergoing concomitant LAAC and CA.Methods: The study population comprised 65 patients who underwent combined AF ablation and Watchman LAAC (combined therapy group) in our center, and 65 participants of the AF simple ablation group who were matched based on sex, age, CHA2DS2-VASc score and HAS-BLED score using propensity score matching. During the 1-year follow-up period, two-dimensional echocardiography and speckle tracking echocardiography were performed to assess LA reservoir, conduit, and contractile function.Results: The combined therapy was associated with a significant improvement in the LA reservoir function with increased expansion index and strain indices, including strain and strain rate (SR) during ventricular systole. Conduit function with SR during early ventricular diastole was also improved, as was contractile function with active atrial emptying fraction and SR during atrial systole. Similarly, LA reservoir and contractile function indices all improved continuously during follow-up after catheter ablation alone. At 3 months follow-up LA reservoir and conduit function with strain indices had a tendency to improve only in the simple procedure group. At 1-year follow-up there was no significant difference in either LA volumes or strain indices between the two groups.Conclusion: Both the combined therapy group and the simple ablation group demonstrated significant improvement in LA function. Based upon the fact that LA function was improved in both groups it might be concluded that most of the effects appeared to result from ablation, not LAAC; furthermore the additional LAAC procedure did not affect the improvement of LA function after CA.

Improved Left Atrial Function in CRT Responders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is associated with reverse left atrial (LA) remodeling. The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the relationship between clinical response to CRT and LA function changes. We conducted a systematic search of all electronic databases up to September 2019 which identified 488 patients from seven studies. At (mean) 6 months follow-up, LA systolic strain and emptying fraction (EF) were increased in CRT responders, with a −5.70% weighted mean difference (WMD) [95% confidence interval (CI) −8.37 to −3.04, p < 0.001 and a WMD of −8.98% [CI −15.1 to −2.84, p = 0.004], compared to non-responders. The increase in LA strain was associated with a fall in left ventricle (LV) end-systolic volume (LVESV) r = −0.56 (CI −0.68 to −0.40, p < 0.001) and an increase in the LV ejection fraction (LVEF) r = 0.58 (CI 0.42 to 0.69, p < 0.001). The increase in LA EF correlated with the fall in LVESV r = −0.51 (CI −0.63 to −0.36, p < 0.001) and the increase in the LVEF r = 0.48 (CI 0.33 to 0.61, p = 0.002). The increase in LA strain correlated with the increase in the LA EF, r = 0.57 (CI 0.43 to 0.70, p < 0.001). Thus, the improvement of LA function in CRT responders reflects LA reverse remodeling and is related to its ventricular counterpart.

P757 Left atrial contractile function improves shortly after transcatheter aortic valve replacement. A speckle tracking echocardiography study

Abstract Background Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) reverses LV remodeling and improves overall cardiac function, but data regarding its effect on left atrial (LA) function is scarce. Our aim was to evaluate the short-term effect of TAVR on LA myocardial deformation parameters and the relationship between the improvement of LA function and baseline echocardiographic parameters. Methods Fourty-eight consecutive pts (75 ± 6 yrs, 28 men) considered to be at increased risk for surgical aortic valve replacement were enrolled and examined before and 30 days after TAVR. All pts underwent a comprehensive echocardiogram, including speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) for deformation analysis. Longitudinal LA strain parameters were assessed from the apical 4-chamber view. Peak values of global longitudinal LA strain (LAε) and LA systolic strain rate (SSr, reservoir function) and early diastolic strain rate (ESr, conduit function) were measured in all. Contractile LA function (late diastolic strain rate, ASr) was assessed in patients in sinus rhythm (39 pts). Results Compared with baseline, the mean indexed LV mass was significantly reduced after TAVR (141 ± 26 vs 160 ± 37 g/m2, p = 0.009) but the mean increase in LVEF was not statistically significant (51 ± 14% vs 47 ± 15%, p = 0.2). There was a significant reduction in systolic pulmonary pressure after TAVR (34 ± 12 vs 42 ± 13, p = 0.004). Although there was no significant decrease in indexed LA volume (51 ± 22 vs 56 ± 20 ml/m2, p = 0.3), the contractile LA function significantly improved 30-days after TAVR (mean ASr, -1.1 ± 0.5 vs -0.8 ± 0.4 %, p = 0.02). There was a tendency of improvement in global longitudinal LA strain (15 ± 7 vs 12 ± 6%, p = 0.06) and global longitudinal LV strain (-13 ± 4 vs -11 ± 5%, p = 0.06) as well. Parameters of LV diastolic function, including TDI derived e’ and E/e’ ratios were not significantly improved 30 days after TAVI. While LA volumes and function parameters were not significantly different between genders at baseline, the improvement of LA function was more frequently found in male pts (p = 0.05). There were no significant correlations between the improvement of LA function parameters and baseline echocardiographic parameters in our study group. The only predictor of LA booster function improvement was the baseline value of ASr (p = 0.01). Conclusions TAVR is associated with a significant recovery of LA function as assessed by STE, suggesting a reverse cavity remodeling. This was accompanied by a significant reduction in LV mass and systolic pulmonary pressure. Men seem to show a more significant improvement in LA contractile function, suggesting a gender-related LA response to chronic afterload reduction.

Spontaneous left atrial echo contrast, mitral annular systolic velocity, and left atrial appendage late emptying velocity in predicting improvement of left atrial function after percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty.

Thromboembolic events are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with mitral stenosis (MS). This study aims to investigate left atrial spontaneous echo contrast (LA SEC), mitral annular systolic velocity (Sa-wave), left atrial appendage (LAA) late emptying velocity (LAAEV), LAA filling velocity (LAAFV) pre- and postpercutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PBMV) for MS. This also aims to study the association of LA SEC with inflammatory marker, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in MS. The study population consisted of 100 patients with symptomatic MS with sinus rhythm who underwent PBMV. Transthoracic echo (TTE), tissue Doppler imaging (TDI), and transesophageal echo (TEE) examinations were carried out before and 14days following PBMV. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) was measured at the time of admission. The mean age was 33.2±10.3years with female preponderance (71%). There was a decrease in SEC grading, (pre-PBMV 2.8±0.9 and post-PBMV 0.4±0.1; P<.01), increase in LAAEV (pre-PBMV 23.0±7.9cm/s and post-PBMV 40.9±8.4cm/s; P<.01), and LAAFV (pre-PBMV 31.8±9.3cm/s and post-PBMV 51.2±8.7cm/s; P<.01).A significant positive correlation was present between LAAEV and Sa-wave (r=.52, P<.01). Correlation between hs-CRP and SEC was positive and significant (r=.33, P<.01). Optimal cutoff value of hs-CRP for prediction of moderate to dense SEC was >2.3mg/dL, the cutoff value of Sa-wave was≤ 5.5cm/s for prediction of the presence of inactive LAA (LAAEV<25cm/s). Mitral annular systolic velocity (Sa-wave) is an independent predictor of inactive LAA and a useful parameter in estimating inactive LAA in MS. Sa-wave and hs-CRP are independent predictors for SEC. PBMV improves LAA function in patients with MS.

Left atrial reverse remodeling and prevention of progression of atrial fibrillation with atrial resynchronization device therapy utilizing dual-site right atrial pacing in patients with atrial fibrillation refractory to antiarrhythmic drugs or catheter ablation

Dual-site right atrial pacing (DAP) produces electrical atrial resynchronization but its long-term effect on the atrial mechanical function in patients with refractory atrial fibrillation (AF) has not been studied. Drug-refractory paroxysmal (PAF) and persistent AF (PRAF) patients previously implanted with a dual-site right atrial pacemaker (DAP) with minimal ventricular pacing modes (AAIR or DDDR mode with long AV delay) were studied. Echocardiographic structural (left atrial diameter [LAD] and left ventricular [LV] end diastolic diameter [EDD], end systolic diameter [ESD]) and functional (ejection fraction [EF]) parameters were serially assessed prior to, after medium-term (n = 39) and long-term (n = 34) exposure to DAP. During medium-term follow-up (n = 4.5months), there was improvement in left atrial function. Mean peak A wave flow velocity increased with DAP as compared to baseline (75 ± 19 vs. 63 ± 23cm/s, p = 0.003). The long-term impact of DAP was studied with baseline findings being compared with last follow-up data with a mean interval of 37 ± 25 (range 7-145) months. Mean LAD declined from 45 ± 5mm at baseline to 42 ± 7mm (p = 0.003). Mean LVEF was unchanged from 52 ± 9% at baseline and 54 ± 6% at last follow-up (p = 0.3). There was no significant change in LV dimensions with mean LVEDD being 51 ± 6mm at baseline and 53 ± 5mm at last follow-up (p = 0.3). Mean LVESD also remained unchanged from 35 ± 6mm at baseline to 33 ± 6mm at last follow-up (p = 0.47). During long-term follow-up, 30 patients (89%) remained in sinus or atrial paced rhythm as assessed by device diagnostics at 3years. DAP can achieve long-term atrial reverse remodeling and preserve LV systolic function. DAP when added to antiarrhythmic drug (AAD) and/or catheter ablation (ABL) maintains long-term rhythm control and prevents AF progression in elderly refractory AF patients. Reverse remodeling with DAP may contribute to long-term rhythm control.

Improvement of left atrial function and left atrial reverse remodeling after surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation.

Two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) is an emerging technology for the evaluation of left atrial (LA) function. This technique is feasible, overcomes the limitations of tissue Doppler imaging and has been demonstrated to accurately assess atrial function during the different phases of the cardiac cycle (1). Atrial structural and electrical remodeling are the hallmarks of atrial fibrillation (AF), and left atrial reverse remodeling (LARR) with recovery of atrial function are considered important targets of any AF treatment. While reverse remodeling has been demonstrated to occur after catheter ablation irrespective of the paroxysmal or persistent nature of AF (2), little is known about LVRR and atrial function in response to successful surgical AF ablation. Therefore, we evaluated LA function and reverse remodeling after restoration of sinus rhythm following minimally invasive atrial fibrillation surgery (MIAFS).

Ablation in selective patients with long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation: medium-term results of the Dallas lesion set

The aim of the study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of the Dallas lesion set, which mimics the Cox-maze III left atrial (LA) lesions, for long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation (LSPAF). Over a 4-year period, 103 LSPAF patients were treated with the Dallas lesion set. Linear lesions were created at the roofline, at the anterior line and between the roofline and left atrial appendage (LAA). All patients underwent ganglionated plexi ablation and LAA excision as well as pulmonary vein isolation. Follow-up at 6, 12 and 24 months was performed by 48-h Holter recordings and real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography. At the 24-month follow-up, 83 of 103 (80.6%) patients were free of any atrial arrhythmia lasting >30 s, with 77 patients (74.8%) off of antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs). At 3.1 ± 0.7 years, 74 of 103 patients (71.8%) were in sinus rhythm, with 71 patients (68.9%) off AADs. The optimal cut-off value of LA dimension to discriminate atrial arrhythmia recurrence was 55 mm (receiver operating characteristic curve analysis), and the Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with an LA dimension of <55 mm had less recurrence during the follow-up (log-rank test, P = 0.015). After 6 months, a significant reduction in LA volume and improvement in LA function was noted in patients without recurrence (P < 0.05). In contrast, patients with recurrence showed no improvement in LA volume or function. The Dallas lesion set is an effective treatment in patients with LSPAF. It resulted in significant improvement in LA volume and function after restoration of sinus rhythm.

Changes in Left Atrial Mechanics Following Pericardiectomy for Pericardial Constriction

Although impaired left ventricular (LV) filling in constrictive pericarditis (CP) is attributable to external constraints by a tethered pericardium, impaired left atrial (LA) function can further impair LV filling. Previous studies focused on the impact of a tethered pericardium on LV diastolic behavior, but its impact on LA function has been largely overlooked. The objectives of this study were to evaluate LA mechanics in CP and to assess the impact of pericardiectomy on LA mechanics. A total of 52 patients with CP (mean age, 57 ± 12 years) and 19 control subjects were studied retrospectively. All patients with CP underwent echocardiography before (median, 12 days; interquartile range, 5-34 days) and after pericardiectomy (median, 20 days; interquartile range, 5-64 days). Global LA longitudinal strain (ε) was calculated, which included peak negative ε (εnegative), peak positive ε (εpositive), and the sum of those values, total LA ε (εtotal), using speckle-tracking echocardiography with Velocity Vector Imaging. The regional difference of LA ε between the septal and lateral walls was assessed before and after the procedure. Patients with CP showed depressed global LA εnegative, LA εtotal, and LA εpositive compared with controls. LA contractile (global LA εnegative) and reservoir functions (global LA εtotal) showed significant increases after pericardiectomy. Regional analysis revealed that the improvement in LA function after surgery was more apparent in lateral segments, while the regional function of septal walls was depressed after surgery. Patients with CP have impaired LA mechanics, presumably because of the constrictive tethering process involving the left atrium. Speckle-tracking echocardiography showed consistent results of changes in LA mechanics with conventional echocardiographic parameters early after the procedure. Regional ε analysis aided in recognition of the impact of constrictive tethering and pericardiectomy on LA function.

Efficacy of Pulmonary Vein Isolation on Left Atrial Function in Paroxysmal and Persistent Atrial Fibrillation and the Dependency on Its Baseline Function

The effects of pulmonary vein (PV) isolation in atrial fibrillation (AF) on left atrial (LA) function or PV flow have not been well documented. We examined the LA function and PV flow before and 3-6 months after PV isolation in 67 AF patients (34 paroxysmal [PAF] and 33 persistent [CAF]) using transesophageal echocardiography. AF recurred in 6/34 patients with PAF and in 6/33 patients with CAF 6 months after PV isolation. A larger LA dimension, a lower systolic PV flow velocity, and a lower ratio of systolic to diastolic PV flow velocity were related to a higher incidence of AF recurrence. The increment of left atrial appendage (LAA) flow velocity (55% vs. 22%) and systolic PV flow velocity (57% vs. 20%) after PV isolation tended to be greater in CAF than in PAF. The changes in LAA flow velocity had reverse correlations with the baseline values before PV isolation (PAF: r = -0.73, CAF: r = -0.58). The changes in mitral flow velocity during atrial contraction in PAF had reverse correlations with the baseline values before PV isolation (r = -0.84). The changes in systolic and diastolic PV flow velocity of PAF had reverse correlations with the baseline values before PV isolation (r = -0.56, r = -0.66). The baseline LA function may affect AF recurrence as well as the improvement of LA function, and the benefit of successful PV isolation might be greater in CAF than in PAF.