Improvements In Total Cholesterol Research Articles

Empagliflozin’s role in early tubular protection for type 2 diabetes patients

BackgroundPatients with type 2 diabetes often face early tubular injury, necessitating effective treatment strategies. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin on early tubular injury biomarkers in type 2 diabetes patients with normoalbuminuria.MethodsA randomized controlled clinical study comprising 54 patients selected based on specific criteria was conducted. Patients were divided into an intervention group (empagliflozin, n = 27) and a control group (n = 27) and treated for 6 weeks. Tubular injury biomarkers KIM-1 and NGAL were assessed pre- and post-treatment.ResultsBoth groups demonstrated comparable baseline characteristics. Post-treatment, fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels decreased similarly in both groups. The intervention group exhibited better improvements in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and blood uric acid levels. Renal function indicators, including UACR and eGFR, showed greater enhancements in the intervention group. Significant reductions in KIM-1 and NGAL were observed in the intervention group.ConclusionTreatment with empagliflozin in type 2 diabetes patients with normoalbuminuria led to a notable decrease in tubular injury biomarkers KIM-1 and NGAL. These findings highlight the potential of SGLT2 inhibitors in early tubular protection, offering a new therapeutic approach.

Clinical characteristics and degree of cardiovascular risk factor control in patients with newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes in Catalonia.

Women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) face a greater risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and encounter challenges in managing cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF); however, limited data are available in individuals with newlydiagnosed T2DM. This study aimed to examine differences between women and men at the onset of T2DM in terms of clinical characteristics, glycaemic status, and CVRF management. This was a retrospective cohort study including subjects with newly-diagnosed T2DM from the System for the Development of Research in Primary Care (SIDIAP) database in Catalonia (Spain). Sex differences (Dif) were assessed at baseline and 1-year post-diagnosis, by calculating the absolute difference of means or proportions. A total of 13,629 subjects with newly-diagnosed T2DM were analyzed. Women were older and had a higher BMI than men. At baseline, women had higher total cholesterol [Dif (95%CI) 10 mg/dL (9.1/10.8)] and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) [Dif (95%CI) 7 mg/dL (6.3/7.7)], while men had higher rates of smoking and alcohol intake. Lipid target achievement was lower in women, in both primary prevention (LDL-c < 100 mg/dL) [Dif (95%CI) -7.3 mg/dL (-10.5/-4.1)] and secondary prevention (LDL-c < 70 mg/dL) [Dif (95%CI) -8.3 mg/dL (-17.3/0.7)], along with lower statin and antiplatelet prescriptions, especially one year after diagnosis. Changes in clinical and laboratory data one year post-diagnosis revealed that, in the primary prevention group, men experienced greater improvements in total cholesterol, LDL-c and triglycerides, while women had less success in achieving CVRF control targets compared to men. Additionally, cardiovascular events, such as coronary artery disease and peripheral artery disease increased more in men than in women within the first year of diagnosis, especially in primary prevention subjects. Differences between men and women CVRF are already apparent at the onset of T2DM, particularly in primary prevention, with notable differences in lipid profile and target level attainment.

Effectiveness of Concurrent Training in Improving Lipid Profiles among Hypertensive Individuals: A Review

Introduction: Hypertension is the elevated blood pressure and most common risk factor of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD). Dyslipidaemia, is the imbalance of lipids such as liproprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and high-density lipoproteins that increases the CVD risk. Concurrent training proves to be efficacious in improving lipid profiles, it could serve as a valuable adjunctive therapy in the management of hypertension and associated metabolic abnormalities. Aim: This review aims to critically examine the existing literature to explain the effects of concurrent training on lipid profiles in hypertensive individuals. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar to identify relevant studies published from 2009 to February 2024. Keywords used for the search included “hypertension,” “concurrent training,” “lipid profile” employing Boolean query. Full text experimental studies using concurrent training as an intervention on individuals with controlled hypertension were included whereas congestive heart failure, recent myocardial infarction, musculoskeletal disorder were excluded. Results: The search revealed 1133 articles from which seven full text articles met the selection criteria. Concurrent training elicits favourable effects on lipid profiles in hypertensive individuals. Specifically, improvements in total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, an HDL-cholesterol levels have been observed following concurrent training interventions of varied intervals. These beneficial effects are attributed to the combined impact of aerobic and resistance exercises on lipid metabolism and cardiovascular health. Conclusion: Concurrent training (combining aerobic and resistance exercises) offers promising benefits for cardiovascular health in improving lipid profiles in hypertensive individuals.

Wildland Firefighter Critical Training Elicits Positive Adaptations to Markers of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health.

The purpose of this study was to identify physiologic changes in body composition and resting metabolic markers of health across 2 wk of critical training (CT) in wildland firefighters (WLFFs). Twenty-two male and 3 female participants were recruited from 2 hotshot crews across the western United States prior to the 2022 fire season and monitored over their 80-h CT. Body weight (BW) and skinfolds were recorded before and after CT to estimate body fat (BF) and lean body weight (LBW). Blood was analyzed for changes in hematocrit, hemoglobin, plasma volume, and resting values of a lipid and metabolic panel. The high physical demands of CT resulted in improvements in total cholesterol (-19.3 mg/dL, P<0.001), triglycerides (-34.4 mg/dL, P<0.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (-18.1 mg/dL, P<0.001), very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (-5.2 mg/dL, P<0.001), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (+4.0 mg/dL, P=0.002), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (-19.3 mg/dL, P<0.001), and fasting glucose (-4.3 mg/dL, P=0.008) from before CT to after CT. Significant decreases in hemoglobin and hematocrit were also seen (P<0.001) with corresponding increases in estimated plasma volume (+6.1%, P<0.001). These alterations were seen despite maintenance of BW, LBW, and BF. Lower pretraining BF was associated with a greater magnitude of improvements in fasting glucose and cholesterol markers. The observed improvements in baseline metabolic and cardiovascular markers along with plasma volume expansion suggest a positive response to the physical stress of WLFF CT. It appears that higher preseason fitness was associated with greater adaptations to the CT stressor.

Improvements in cardiovascular disease risk factors associated with modest weight loss following treatment in patients with binge-eating disorder and obesity.

Modest weight losses may be associated with improvements in cardiovascular disease risk factors (CVDRF) in patients with obesity. The effects of weight losses on CVDRF in persons with binge-eating disorder (BED) are unknown. This study prospectively examined changes in CVDRF among patients receiving behaviorally-based weight-loss treatment (BBWLT) who attained modest weight losses (≥5 to <10% and ≥10%). Of 191 participants, CVDRF variables were re-assessed in 168 participants at posttreatment and in 151 at 12-month follow-up. Participants who attained ≥5 to <10% weight loss were compared to those who did not on CVDRFs (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, HbA1C, mean plasma glucose, heart rate, and systolic/diastolic blood pressure); similar comparisons were completed for those who attained ≥10% weight loss. At posttreatment, ≥5 to <10% weight loss (N = 42; 25.0%) was associated with significant improvements in HbA1c and mean plasma glucose, whereas ≥10% weight loss (N = 40, 23.8%) was associated with significant improvements in total cholesterol, triglycerides, HbA1c, mean plasma glucose, and heart rate. At 12-month follow-up, ≥5 to <10% weight loss (N = 17; 11.1%) was related to significant improvements on HDL, triglycerides, HbA1c, and mean plasma glucose, whereas ≥10% weight loss (N = 40, 26.0%) was associated with significant improvements on all the CVDRF variables (except blood pressure). Modest weight loss is associated with significant improvements in CVDRFs in patients with BED and obesity following treatment and at 12-month follow-up. Future work should examine whether improvements in CVDRF are attributable to weight loss per se and/or to other related lifestyle changes. Individuals with binge-eating disorder and obesity who attain modest weight loss following treatment exhibit improvements in various measures of cardiovascular disease risk compared to those who do not. While weight loss has been challenging for individuals with binge-eating disorder, clinicians should inform patients of the potential health benefits of modest weight loss. Future research should investigate whether weight loss itself and/or related behavioral lifestyle changes drive improved cardiovascular disease risk factors.

Short-Term Effect of Nutraceutical Fruit Juices on Lipid Metabolism in Patients with Acquired Hypercholesterolemia.

The crucial role of dyslipidaemia, especially hypercholesterolemia, in the development of atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular diseases has been extensively documented in genetic, pathologic, observational and intervention studies. The European guidelines for dyslipidaemia management include the possible use of lipid-lowering nutraceuticals to support a relatively large number of natural compounds. In this context, we have conducted a study to investigate whether dietary supplementation with a functional nutraceutical beverage, containing a standardized polyphenolic fraction from fruit, red yeast rice, phytosterols, and berberine complexed with β-cyclodextrin, could positively affect serum lipid concentration in 14 subjects with hypercholesterolemia. After 12 weeks of treatment, dietary supplementation with this nutraceutical combination was associated with significant improvements in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) and apolipoprotein B, compared to baseline. Compliance was excellent and no adverse effects were reported. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that 100 mL of a functional beverage containing lipid-lowering nutraceuticals safely leads to significant improvements in serum lipids in subjects with moderate hypercholesterolemia. Future research is needed to unravel the role that the polyphenols contained in fruit extracts play in the reduction of cholesterolemia and in cardiovascular disease prevention.

Assessment of hepatic steatosis before and after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy

Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the cause of the new epidemic of chronic liver disease. Most patients are asymptomatic and accidentally diagnosed by imaging. Unfortunately, NAFLD can progress to inflammation, NASH, fibrosis, cirrhosis, HCC, decompensated cirrhosis, death, and/or liver transplantation might be required. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) has positive effects on the comorbidities associated with obesity. FibroScan and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) can assess NAFLD non-invasively by measuring an area a hundred times larger than a biopsy sample. Aim To assess hepatic steatosis pre and post LSG by laboratory investigations and imaging (fibroscan and CAP). Methods Thirty patients were included in a prospective observational study according to the inclusion criteria. Full medical history, preoperative laboratory investigations and imaging were recorded. All patients underwent LSG and were followed up for 6 months postoperatively. Data were coded and analysed by using (SPSS) version 29. Results LSG was associated with a significant improvement in the controlled attenuation parameter CAP values, stiffness values and accordingly grades of steatosis and fibrosis as well as a highly significant decrease in BMI, and on follow-up fibroscan 6 months postoperatively. There was a significant improvement in total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and HDL. Conclusion LSG is associated with a significant improvement in BMI, lipid profile, CAP measurement and liver stiffness measurements which means improvement of steatosis. In morbidly obese candidates of bariatric surgery, Fibroscan with CAP (using the XL probe) was used as a simple non-invasive tool for detecting steatosis and fibrosis.

Efficacy of traditional Chinese exercises in improving anthropometric and biochemical indicators in overweight and obese subjects: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The efficacy of traditional Chinese exercise (TCE)-based intervention in the improvement of anthropometric and biochemical indicators in overweight and obese patients is controversial. In this regard, the aim of this review was to summarize the evidence of TCE interventions to evaluate their effectiveness on the anthropometric and biochemical indicators of overweight and obese patients. Five databases were systematically searched for relevant articles published from inception to October 2022. Randomized controlled trials examining TCE intervention in overweight and obese patients The treatment effects were estimated using a random-effect meta-analysis model with standardized mean differences (Hedges' g). The categorical and continuous variables were used to conduct moderator analyses. This review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (identifier CRD42022377632). Nine studies involving a total of 1297 participants were included in the final analysis. In the anthropometric indicators outcomes, the meta-analytic findings revealed large and significant improvements in body mass index (g = 1.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.27-1.61, P = .000, I2 = 99%), weight (g = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.25-1.68, P = .000, I2 = 95%), fat percentage (g = 1.22, 95% CI = 0.52-1.93, P = .000, I2 = 93%), and small and significant improvements in waist circumference (g = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.21-0.54, P = .000, I2 = 99%). In the biochemical indicators outcomes, the findings revealed large and significant improvements in low density lipoprotein (g = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.80-2.37, P = .000, I2 = 98%), moderate and significant improvements in triglyceride (g = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.56-0.81, P = .000, I2 = 96%), small and significant improvements in total cholesterol (g = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.19-0.54, P = .000, I2 = 77%), and high-density lipoprotein (g = -0.71, 95% CI = -0.86 to 0.57, P = .000, I2 = 99%). The moderator shows that the effects of TCE on anthropometric and biochemical indicators were moderated by frequency of exercise, exercise duration, and type of control group. TCE intervention is a beneficial non-pharmacological approach to improving anthropometric and biochemical indicators in overweight and obese subjects, especially in body mass index, weight, fat percentage, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein. The clinical relevance of our findings is pending more extensive trials and more rigorous study designs to strengthen the evidence.

TREINAMENTO EM CIRCUITO REDUZ OS FATORES DE RISCO CARDIOMETABÓLICOS EM MULHERES

ABSTRACT Introduction Combined training is more effective than an isolated modality in reducing cardiometabolic risk indicators. Objective To evaluate the effect of circuit training volume on anthropometric and biochemical risk indicators for cardiometabolic diseases in overweight women. Methods Thirty-two participants underwent 24 weeks of circuit training with free weights combined with aerobic exercise. The training volume during the 24 weeks was used to distribute the women into moderate-volume physical activity (MVA), low-volume physical activity (LVA) and control (CON) groups. Anthropometric indices (body mass, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR)), blood glucose, insulin, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, HDL-c, and LDL-c were evaluated at the beginning of the program and after 12 and 24 weeks. Results There was no interaction between training volume and time for any of the variables studied, but the intervention time influenced body mass (p=0.013) and BMI (p=0.012), and there was a tendency for participation time to reduce body mass (p=0.063) and BMI (p=0.062) after six months of intervention. The volume of the physical activity affected HDL-c (p=0.037), being significant (p=0.030) in the comparison between the MVA and CON groups. Additionally, there was a downward trend in HDL-c after six months of intervention (p=0.073), with a smaller reduction observed in the MVA group, indicating a protective role of moderate physical activity in the reduction of this lipid fraction. The association between physical activity volume and participation time resulted in a clinical improvement in total cholesterol (χ2 = 5.453, p = 0.02), with a higher probability of reaching clinically adequate values in the MVA group (OR = 0.126; 95%CI 0.019 - 0.827). Conclusion Training volume improved cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight women. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic Studies - Investigating the Results of Treatment.

Trends in Lipid Concentrations and Lipid Control Among US Adults, 2007-2018

High lipid concentrations are a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Little is known about how population-level lipid concentrations, as well as trends in lipid control, have changed over the past decade among US adults. To determine whether lipid concentrations and rates of lipid control changed among US adults and whether these trends differed by sex and race and ethnicity, from 2007 to 2018. Serial cross-sectional analysis of 33 040 US adults aged 20 years or older, weighted to be nationally representative, from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2007-2008 to 2017-2018). Lipid concentrations among US adults and rates of lipid control among adults receiving statin therapy. Lipid control was defined as a total cholesterol concentration of 200 mg/dL or less. The mean age of the study population was 47.4 years, and 51.4% were women; of the 33 040 participants, 12.0% were non-Hispanic Black; 10.3%, Mexican American; 6.4%, other Hispanic American; 62.7%, non-Hispanic White; and 8.5%, other race and ethnicities (including non-Hispanic Asian. Among all US adults, age-adjusted total cholesterol improved significantly in the overall population from 197 mg/dL in 2007-2008 to 189 mg/dL in 2017-2018 (difference, -8.6 mg/dL [95% CI, -12.2 to -4.9 mg/dL]; P for trend <.001), with similar patterns for men and women. Black, Mexican American, other Hispanic, and White adults experienced significant improvements in total cholesterol, but no significant change was observed for Asian adults. Among adults receiving statin therapy, age-adjusted lipid control rates did not significantly change from 78.5% in 2007-2008 to 79.5% in 2017-2018 (difference, 1.1% [95% CI, -3.7% to 5.8%]; P for trend = .27), and these patterns were similar for men and women. Across all racial and ethnic groups, only Mexican Americans experienced a significant improvement in age-adjusted lipid control (P for trend = .008). In 2015-2018, age-adjusted rates of lipid control were significantly lower for women than for men (OR, 0.54 [95% CI, 0.40 to 0.72]). In addition, when compared with White adults, rates of lipid control while taking statins were significantly lower among Black adults (OR, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.47 to 0.94]) and other Hispanic adults (OR, 0.59 [95% CI, 0.37 to 0.95]); no significant differences were observed for other racial and ethnic groups. In this serial cross-sectional study, lipid concentrations improved in the US adult population from 2007-2008 through 2017-2018. These patterns were observed across all racial and ethnic subgroups, with the exception of non-Hispanic Asian adults.

The Role of Nutraceutical Supplements, Monacolin K and Astaxanthin, and Diet in Blood Cholesterol Homeostasis in Patients with Myopathy

Several studies suggest that different combinations of nutraceutical supplements may improve the lipid profile, representing a viable alternative to statins. However, their effects on individuals with myopathy need to be investigated. The aim of our study was to explore the mid- and long-term physiological effects of monacolin k (5 mg) and astaxanthin (0.1 mg) supplements in association with a low-energy/fat diet in a group of subjects with mild myopathy. Eighty subjects (44 women) took part in this observational study. Participants were assigned to the experimental group (EG, n = 40, 24 women) treated with a low-energy/fat diet (1200–1500 Kcal/day and 15–20% lipids) in combination with monacolin k (5 mg) and astaxanthin (0.1 mg) supplementation, and to the control group (CG, n = 40, 20 women) treated only with a low-energy/fat diet (1200–1500 Kcal/day and 15–20% lipids). BMI and biochemical parameters (blood glucose, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, C-reactive protein (CRP) and creatine phosphokinase-CPK) were collected at baseline (T0), after 12 (T1) and 24 (T2) weeks. A mixed factorial ANOVA was performed to determine if there were significant main effects and/or interactions between time and treatment. Treatment (EG vs. CG) was entered as the between-subjects factor and time (T0 vs. T1 vs. T2) as the within-subject factor. We found a significant improvement in total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, PCR and CPK parameters in EG compared with CG. Our results highlight the efficacy and safety of combined use of monacolin k (5 mg) and astaxanthin (0.1 mg) in combination with a low-energy/fat diet in the treatment of dyslipidemia.

Unique-to-Salmon Compounds Increase in Plasma and Are Associated With Cardiovascular Health Following a Mediterranean Diet Intervention

ObjectivesSalmon consumption may promote cardiovascular (CV) health through nutrients such as omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FAs) or other yet unidentified compounds. Metabolomics allows for the comprehensive analysis of small molecules in foods and human samples. The objectives of this study were to: 1) identify compounds present in salmon that were increased in plasma after consumption of a salmon-containing Mediterranean-style eating pattern (MED); and 2) evaluate associations between salmon compounds detected in plasma and CV biomarkers. MethodsIndividuals (n = 41) completed a 16-week randomized, crossover, controlled feeding study of a MED containing 2 servings salmon/week. Assessments were completed pre- and post-intervention, where CV biomarkers (e.g., blood pressure, lipid profile) were measured and fasting plasma collected. Samples of participants’ plasma, salmon, and 99 other foods in the trial were analyzed in triplicate via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS). Compounds were determined to be unique-to-salmon (UTS) if detected in all replicates of salmon but none of the other 99 foods. For UTS compounds that were found in plasma, linear mixed effects models were used to assess change from pre- to post-intervention and the association between this change and changes in CV biomarkers. Significance was assessed after adjustment for false discovery rate. ResultsRelative to the other 99 foods, 508 compounds were determined to be UTS, and 143 of these UTS compounds were detected in plasma. Forty-eight UTS compounds significantly increased in plasma from pre- to post-intervention. Two compounds, a phosphatidylglycerolphosphate (40:4) and a triglyceride (58:11), were associated with improvement in ≥1 CV biomarker. The former, a cardiolipin precursor, was associated with improvements in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and Apolipoprotein B. ConclusionsSalmon compounds are detectable in human plasma after consumption within a complex diet and increase after intervention, suggesting potential as intake biomarkers. Further, bioactive compounds beyond nutrients such as n-3 FAs may be associated with CV benefits. Future studies should be conducted to quantify concentrations and define dose-response. Funding SourcesNIH/NIDDK; Beef Checkoff (MED feeding study).

Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Eufortyn® Colesterolo Plus on Serum Lipids, Endothelial Reactivity, Indexes of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Systemic Inflammation in Healthy Subjects with Polygenic Hypercholesterolemia: The ANEMONE Study.

We aimed to evaluate if dietary supplementation with a nutraceutical compound (Eufortyn® Colesterolo Plus) containing standardized bergamot polyphenolic fraction phytosome (Vazguard®), artichoke extract (Pycrinil®), artichoke dry extract. (Cynara scolymus L.), Q10 phytosome(Ubiqosome®) and zinc, could positively affect serum lipids concentration, systemic inflammation and indexes of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in 60 healthy subjects with polygenic hypercholesterolemia. Participants were adhering to a low-fat, low-sodium Mediterranean diet for a month before being randomly allocated to 8-week treatment with 1 pill each day of either Eufortyn® Colesterolo Plus or placebo. Dietary supplementation with Eufortyn® Colesterolo Plus was associated with significant improvement in total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and endothelial reactivity (ER) in comparison with baseline, and with significant reductions in waist circumference, TC, LDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, lipid accumulation product and fatty liver index compared to placebo. The study shows that dietary supplementation with standardized bergamot polyphenolic fraction phytosome, artichoke extracts, Q10 phytosome and zinc safely exerts significant improvements in serum lipids, systemic inflammation, indexes of NAFLD and endothelial reactivity in healthy subjects with moderate hypercholesterolemia.

Impact of an educational intervention in the management of individuals with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus using insulin therapy

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of problematizing intervention in the treatment of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. MethodologyA randomized clinical trial was conducted in 41 patients ages 18 to 64 with type 2 diabetes who were treated with insulin and had glycosylated hemoglobin greater than 7.0%. The mean age of participants was 55.9 (SD = 5.49). A high percentage of patients had comorbidities such as hypertension (92.7%), dyslipidemia (68.3%), overweight (95%), retinopathy (41%), and neuropathy (39%). The patients in the intervention group participated in 6 educational groups using problematization methodology, whereas the patients in the control group attended only routine consultations. Sociodemographic, clinical, behavioral, and lifestyle variables were assessed. ResultsAfter 6 months of follow-up, no statistically significant difference in glycemic control and anthropometric parameters was observed between participants in either study group. The intervention group showed an increase in knowledge about the disease, and an improvement in total cholesterol and uric acid levels. ConclusionThe use of a problematizing intervention provided an improvement in behavioral as well as specific clinical parameters, compared to routine diabetes care. However, longer follow-up time for these patients could bring benefits regarding glycemic control.

Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus FM9 and Limosilactobacillus fermentum Y57 Are as Effective as Statins at Improving Blood Lipid Profile in High Cholesterol, High-Fat Diet Model in Male Wistar Rats.

Elevated serum cholesterol is a major risk factor for coronary heart diseases. Some Lactobacillus strains with cholesterol-lowering potential have been isolated from artisanal food products. The purpose of this study was to isolate probiotic Lactobacillus strains from traditional yoghurt (dahi) and yogurt milk (lassi) and investigate the impact of these strains on the blood lipid profile and anti-obesity effect in a high cholesterol high fat diet model in Wistar rats. Eight candidate probiotic strains were chosen based on in vitro probiotic features and cholesterol reduction ability. By 16S rDNA sequencing, these strains were identified as Limosilactibacillus fermentum FM6, L. fermentum FM16, L. fermentum FM12, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus FM9, L. fermentum Y55, L. fermentum Y57, L. rhamnosus Y59, and L. fermentum Y63. The safety of these strains was investigated by feeding 2 × 108 CFU/mL in saline water for 28 days in a Wistar rat model. No bacterial translocation or any other adverse effects were observed in animals after administration of strains in water, which indicates the safety of strains. The cholesterol-lowering profile of these probiotics was evaluated in male Wistar rats using a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet (HFCD) model. For 30 days, animals were fed probiotic strains in water with 2 × 108 CFU/mL/rat/day, in addition to a high fat, high cholesterol diet. The cholesterol-lowering effects of various probiotic strains were compared to those of statin. All strains showed improvement in total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides, and weight gain. Serum cholesterol levels were reduced by 9% and 8% for L. rhamnosus FM9 and L. fermentum Y57, respectively, compared to 5% for the statin-treated group. HDL levels significantly improved by 46 and 44% for L. rhamnosus FM9 and L. fermentum Y57, respectively, compared to 46% for the statin-treated group. Compared to the statin-treated group, FM9 and Y57 significantly reduced LDL levels by almost twofold. These findings show that these strains can improve blood lipid profiles as effectively as statins in male Wistar rats. Furthermore, probiotic-fed groups helped weight control in animals on HFCD, indicating the possible anti-obesity potential of these strains. These strains can be used to develop food products and supplements to treat ischemic heart diseases and weight management. Clinical trials, however, are required to validate these findings.

PREVALENCE OF DYSLIPIDEMIA IN PATIENTS OF SUB CLINICAL HYPOTHYROIDISM AND THE EFFECTS OF THYROXINE REPLACEMENT THERAPY ON LIPID PROFILE IN NORTH INDIAN POPULATION

Subclinical hypothyroidism is a very common entity in Indian middle aged population with a prevalence of around 6-15%, dened as increase in thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level without obvious rise in free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxine (FT4) level. However most of the patients have an annual conversion of 5% into overt hypothyroidism. Replacement of thyroxine in these patients is always a controversial issue, deranged lipid prole is an important indication of thyroxine replacement in these patients. In present study which is a case control study, we have observed improvement in lipid prole after thyroxine replacement in patients of subclinical hypothyroidism with deranged lipid prole. In our study there is a signicant improvement in total cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL level without signicant improvement in HDL level after thyroxine replacement.

The Effects of Exclusive Walking on Lipids and Lipoproteins in Women with Overweight and Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

To evaluate the effects of walking, independent of diet and weight-loss, on lipids and lipoproteins in women with overweight and obesity. Academic Search Complete, Alternative Health Watch, Global Health, Health Source, CINAHL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, SportDiscus, and ProQuest. (1) experiment-control design; (2) women with overweight or obesity; (3) walking as the experiment's independent variable; (4) four or more weeks; and (5) pre- to post-assessment of lipids and/or lipoproteins. Excluded studies reported use of lipid-lowering medication, diet or other modes of physical activity, and alternative interventions as the control. Data extraction and study quality were completed by the first 2 authors using the Cochrane review protocol and risk of bias assessment. Raw mean difference between the experiment and control groups using a random effects model. Meta-analyses of 21 interventions (N = 1129) demonstrated exclusive walking improves total cholesterol (raw mean difference = 6.67mg/dL, P = .04) and low-density lipoproteins (raw mean difference = 7.38mg/dL, P = .04). Greater improvement in total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoproteins, and low-density lipoproteins existed in women with obesity. Exclusive walking aids in normalizing total cholesterol and LDLs in women with overweight and obesity. Exclusive walking can be used as a non-pharmacologic therapy, which may have positive clinical outcomes for individuals who especially struggle with diet and weight-reduction.

Tawazon- An Intensive Lifestyle Diabetes Prevention Program: The Saudi Arabian Pilot.

BackgroundLifestyle modification interventions help prevent or postpone Type 2 Diabetes and its complications with diet modification and increasing physical activity. This is translational research of Tawazon-DPP in which we evaluate the efficacy of the intensive lifestyle modification program.MethodsTawazon was piloted in 2 phases over 6 and 9 months at a Tertiary Hospital. Phase I was conducted in 2017 in one district facility with 47 participants while Phase II was conducted in 2018 in 4 district facilities with 247 participants. Data are collected retrospectively in a before-and-after study design. The program included adults with 25 kg/m2 BMI and HbA1c ranging between 5.7 and 6.4 mmol/L, while excluding participants with comorbidities, such as cardiovascular conditions, musculoskeletal injuries, and pregnancy.ResultsWe used descriptive analysis as well as Wilcoxon rank sign test and McNemar-Bowker for before and after data comparisons. Phase I exhibited a mean age of 43±7 years and statistically significant improvement in HbA1c (0.3 mmol/L), weight (3.3 kg), BMI (1 kg/m2), triglyceride (30.4 mg/dL) and LDL (14.67 mg/dL). Phase II exhibited a mean age of 45±9 years with 70% above 40 years old. Significant improvement was also found in HbA1c (0.2 mmol/L), weight (5.1 kg), and BMI (1.8 kg/m2); the lipid profile in the second phase showed better results with significant improvement in total cholesterol (7.4 mg/dL), triglyceride (20.9 mg/dL), LDL (8.8 mg/dL), and (0.9 mg/dL) increase in HDL.ConclusionThis pilot has taken lifestyle interventions to real-life and it led to the favored and desired outcome. It showed that long-term guided support can help patients make the needed changes in their diet, habits, and physical activity, thus, prevent or delay the onset of Type 2 diabetes.

The effectiveness of self-management programmes for people with type 2 diabetes receiving insulin injection: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

People with type 2 diabetes (T2D) receiving insulin injection are reported to encounter challenges to achieve optimal glycaemic control. The evidence on effectiveness of self-management programmes for T2D people receiving insulin injection is far from conclusive. To examine the effectiveness of self-management programmes for people with T2D receiving insulin injection. Twelve databases were searched from dates of inception to June 2021. All randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials examining the effectiveness of self-management programmes were included. The methodological quality was appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools by two independent researchers. Data were summarised narratively or pooled statistically where appropriate. Nine RCTs involving 2613 participants were included. At post-intervention, meta-analysis results showed that self-management programmes significantly improved glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (mean difference [MD]: -0.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.29 to -0.12, P<.001), self-management behaviours (standardised MD [SMD]: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.12 to 0.33, P<.001) and self-efficacy (SMD: 0.20, 95% CI: 0.09 to 0.31, P=.0002). Only one intensive lifestyle intervention reported significant improvements in body weight and waist circumference. Three RCTs demonstrated significant improvements in body mass index compared with the control group. Only one study demonstrated significant improvements in total cholesterol and triglycerides in favour of the intervention group. At six months post-intervention, pooled results of two studies revealed decreased diabetes-related distress (MD: -2.98, 95% CI: -5.15 to -0.82, P=.007). No significant changes in blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, depression and anxiety were found. Self-management programmes have the potential to improve glycaemic control, weight management, blood lipids, self-management behaviours, self-efficacy and diabetes-related distress of people with T2D receiving insulin injection. More rigorous experimental trials are warranted to examine the effectiveness of self-management programme and its maintenance.

Effects of Diet Control and Telemedicine-Based Resistance Exercise Intervention on Patients with Obesity and Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Control Trial.

This study investigated the effects of home-based nutritional and telemedicine-based resistance exercise interventions on improving body composition, blood biochemistry, and lower-limb functional performance. In total, 66 obese patients with mild-to-moderate knee osteoarthritis were randomly divided into a diet control group (D), elastic band resistance exercise group (E), and diet control plus elastic band exercise group (D + E). Each group was supervised by a clinical dietitian and follow-up was conducted via telephone calls or a communication application to track the participants’ progress. After 12 weeks of intervention, the D (p < 0.001) and D + E (p < 0.001) groups achieved significant weight loss. The D + E group exhibited a significant reduction in body fat relative to the D (p = 0.019) and E (p = 0.012) groups. Compared with the D (p = 0.002) and E (p = 0.019) groups, the D + E group achieved significant improvements in the timed up-and-go test and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis total scale. The D + E group experienced significant improvements in total cholesterol (p = 0.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p = 0.01), and triglyceride levels (p = 0.007) relative to other groups. In conclusion, individual diet control intervention combined with telemedicine-based resistance exercise intervention significantly improved the body composition, blood biochemistry, and lower-limb functional performance of the investigated population with comorbid conditions.