Improvement Of Light Fastness Research Articles

Study on the dyeing properties of Chinese fir with Cinnamomum camphor pigment by premordant dyeing

ABSTRACT Wood staining can improve the quality of Chinese fir. In this study, Cinnamomum camphora natural plant pigment was used as a substitute for synthetic dyes to stain Chinese fir, and the staining performance was enhanced through pre-mordanting with alum. The dyeing effects of direct dyeing and mordant dyeing were compared, and the factors and levels influencing color difference, wash fastness, and light fastness were investigated through an orthogonal experimental design. The results showed that mordanting time had the greatest influence on color difference and lightfastness, while mordanting temperature had the greatest influence on washfastness. After pre-mordanting, the washfastness of Chinese fir improved to a level of 2–3, while the improvement in lightfastness was not significant. Pre-mordanting increased the dye uptake rate by 6.67%. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that NaOH pretreatment opened the wood pores and increased the flow channels for dye liquor. Infrared analysis indicated that O-H in wood fibers formed complexes with Al3+ in the mordant, resulting in a decrease in the characteristic peak intensity of O-H. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the attractive effect of Al3+ vacant orbitals on O-H partially influenced the ordered arrangement structure in the crystalline region.

Nanogels-based ink prepared using electron beam-synthesized poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) nanogels as pigment dispersing and stabilizing agent

Dispersion and stabilization of water-insoluble organic pigment particles using nanogels in water-based inks (e.g., inkjet, offset) is a progress opportunity for organic printing ink technology. This work proposes poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) nanogels as a nano-structured particle “bumper” for dispersing, wetting, and stabilizing the pigment particles to protect them from flocculation. The expected satisfactory dispersion and stabilization reflects not only quality of formulated ink, but also the finished printed object. The PVP nanogels were prepared in pure water using electron beam-induced chemical reactions, particularly cross-linking, governing particles formation, as well as their final size. Influence of absorbed dose of radiation (2–10 kGy) as well as different molecular weights (MW) of the polymer (PVP-1, ca. 10 kDa and PVP-2, ca. 1400 kDa) on the nanogels formation was studied. The hydrodynamic diameter (Dh) of the PVP nanogels is in the range of around 15–340 nm, depending on the MW of PVP and the absorbed dose. AFM micrographs support the finding of nanoscopic structure of PVP nanogels. The water-insoluble organic pigment (Yellow 12) was used to formulate a water-based nanogels ink. The PVP nanogels in ink play an important role in pigment dispersion/stabilization, reduction of the pigment size, increase of hiding power, and improvement of lightfastness, as well as thermal, water, soap, alkali, and acid resistance properties. This work provides a promising advancement in printing ink and coating technologies due to employing the polymeric nanogels as dispersing, wetting, and stabilizing nanoplatform.

Improvement in the light fastness of dyed meta‐aramid fabric using titanium dioxide nanoparticles

Meta‐aramid fibre is very difficult to dye because of its very high crystallinity. The major issues with dyeing meta‐aramid fibre are its selective dyeability with a particular class of dye and poor light fastness, especially with basic dyes, which is not acceptable. In this work, various dyeing trials of meta‐aramid fabric with two commercial basic dyes, Bezacryl Golden Yellow GL 200 and Bezacryl Blue FBS, were conducted on high temperature–high pressure and infrared dyeing machines. To improve the light fastness of dyed samples, titanium dioxode nanoparticles were applied on dyed fabric using a layer‐by‐layer technique. Fastness properties such as light, wash and rubbing were checked for untreated and titanium dioxode‐treated samples. Titanium dioxode application on dyed material improved the light fastness of Bezacryl Golden Yellow‐dyed samples significantly, and Bezacryl Blue FBS also showed an improved rating compared with that previously reported. Improvement in light fastness is selective but it is still a novel and viable route to improve the light fastness of dyed meta‐aramid fabrics.

Improvement of light fastness of water‐based printing inks with addition of glycerol derivative containing thiol groups

The aim of this work was to study the influence of a glycerol derivative with thiol groups, 3,6‐dithia‐1,8‐octanediol (DTO), on light fastness of prints overprinted with water‐based flexographic printing inks. Laboratory printing was performed on various plastic films (BOPP and PE). The effect of a small amount of DTO on printing ink colour was examined by studying the optical density of a full tone area, relative printing contrast and the colour values (CIELAB), and the total colour difference, . Artificial ageing was applied in order to investigate DTO influence on colourfastness of CMY printing inks. Densitometry and spectrophotometric parameters were measured during artificial ageing by irradiation. Additionally, FTIR spectroscopy was used to observe the changes in ink film on printing bases before and after ageing. The print quality of investigated prints is widely discussed. In general, DTO addition influenced the printability of the plastic film and the optical density of a full tone area with an acceptable total colour difference . Furthermore, printing inks with added DTO exhibited higher optical density and smaller changes of during artificial ageing. Moreover, the FTIR spectra of printing ink films with added DTO after ageing did not exhibit any perceptible changes in contrast with the original printing ink.

Dyeing and antibacterial properties of aqueous extracts from quince (Cydonia oblonga) leaves

In this study was reported a novel application of using vegetable waste such as fall quince leaves for wool fibers dyeing. Natural dye obtained by aqueous extraction of quince leaves (Cydonia oblonga) was applied to a wool fibers by an exhaustion dyeing process. Effect of extraction temperature on UV–vis absorbance of the extracted liquor was studied. Zinc chloride and silver nitrate were used as mordants. The dyeing process was conducted with and without metallic salts, using post-mordanting method. The fastness properties and color parameters of the dyed wool samples were determined. The antimicrobial activity of dyed and post-mordanting wool fibers was also evaluated. Dyeings with aqueous extracts of fall quince leaves have moderate to very good fastness properties. Mordanting with silver nitrate result in significant improvement in light fastness. The best results were achieved when dyeing was conducted with quince leave extracted at 100°C. Wool fibers dyed with mordant had a darker reddish-brown shades than those dyed without mordant. However, darker shade was obtained with silver nitrate mordant. Dyed and post-mordanting samples with silver nitrate have a good antibacterial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. It was found from the study that the dye extracts from fall quince leaves can be successfully used for dyeing of wool materials to obtain a wide range of shades from light beige to reddish-brown. “Green waste” obtained from forest and garden residues could be used as valuable resource of natural dyes and bioactive compounds.

Improvement of Light Fastness of Liyuan Blue FL-RN Reactive Dye

Cotton fabric was dyed with Liyuan Blue FL-RN reactive dye. The dye exhaustion and fixation percentages were calculated for all light, medium and dark shades. The dye shows very good exhaustion and fixation properties. Dyed samples were tested for light fastness property as per international standards. The results indicates the dye has a good light fastness property. The effect of UV absorber was studied in order to improve light fastness property. Cationic UV absorber CANFIX SUN was applied on the dyed cotton fabric by exhaust method. The results show that the color depth was similar after UV absorber treatment. In all the cases the use of UV absorber improved the light fastness of dyed fabrics as compared to untreated dyed samples.

호료와 매염제가 황벽추출물로 날염한 면/견직물의 날염성질에 미치는 영향

In this study, the dyeing properties of Phellodendron amurense on cotton and silk fabrics were evaluated to establish a scientific database of dyeing methods using natural dyes with the ultimate aim of facilitating the practical use of these dyes. The optimal thickener and dyeing concentrations depending on the thickener type were identified when dyeing with P. amurense, and the fabric color, color fastness, and antibiosis were examined for various thickeners, fabrics, and mordants. The results were as follows.: The optimal concentrations of thickeners when dyeing on cotton and silk fabrics were CMC 3% (w/w), Mayprogum 7% (w/w), and Indalka 9% (w/w). The optimal concentration of P. amurense was 25% (w/w), irrespective of the type of thickener. To maintain the hue unique to P. amurense, thickening with Mayprogum or Indalka and mordanting with Al was effective for cotton, while thickening with Mayprogum or Indalka and mordanting with Al or thickening with CMC and mordanting with gallnut was effective for silk. The dry-cleaning fastness and abrasion resistance of cotton fabrics dyed with P. amurense were excellent at the 4-5 level. Gallnut was effective for washing fastness and perspiration fastness against color degradation, and FFC was effective for light fastness. The washing fastness, dry-cleaning fastness, abrasion resistance, and perspiration fastness of silk fabrics dyed with P. amurense were excellent at level 4, except for washing and perspiration fastness, and FFC was effective for the improvement of light fastness. Dyeing cotton and silk fabrics with P. amurense thus yielded antibiosis and excellent washing fastness.

Improvement of light fastness of natural dye: effect of ultraviolet absorbers containing benzotriazolyl moiety on the photofading of red carthamin

While the contribution of ultraviolet absorbers to synthetic dyes has been investigated by several workers, there have been few studies pertaining to the use of functional ultraviolet absorbers as a means of improving the light fastness of natural dyes. In this paper, numerous potential ultraviolet absorbers were prepared to prolong the life of natural dye carthamin. The effects of these compounds in reducing photofading were examined on a polymer substrate. The use of commercial ultraviolet absorbers was not necessarily useful in improving the light fastness of the colour. However, benzophenone‐type ultraviolet absorbers containing a built‐in ultraviolet absorber moiety markedly retarded the photofading rate. It is proposed that 2,2′,4,4′‐tetrahydroxy‐5‐methylbenzotriazolylbenzophenone and its derivatives may be used as effective stabilisers in the fading of natural dyes.

Development of UV absorbers for sun protective fabrics

The textiles for protection against harmful UV radiation have become the focus of great interest in the present time. However, not all apparel is well-protected against UV light. Therefore, the application and improvement of UV absorbers for sun protective fabrics is being sought. In this study, various benzophenone UV absorbers containing benzotoriazolyl groups were prepared, and the Ultraviolet Protection Factors (UPF) and improving the light fastness of dyes was examined. A series of hydroxybenzophenones bearing a built-in benzotriazole moiety showed a very high UPF, and played a very important role in the improvement of light fastness of dyes. It was found that 2,2’,4,4’-tetrahydroxy-5,5’-dibenzotriazolylbenzophenonesulfonic acid or the methyl derivative shows very high UPF, and plays an important role in improving the light fastness of dyes. It was further demonstrated that the combined use of these UV absorbers and singlet oxygen quencher, NTS (Nickel p-toluenesulfonate), can be applied as effective stabilizers against the photofading of dyes.

Application of single and mixtures of red sandalwood and other natural dyes for dyeing of jute fabric: studies on colour parameters/colour fastness and compatibility

Single and binary mixtures of aqueous extracts of red sandalwood (RSW) with aqueous extract of other natural dyes like manjistha (MJ), jackfruit wood (JFW), marigold (MG), sappan wood (SW) and babool (BL) in different proportions are applied on bleached jute fabric for its dyeing after double pre-mordanted with myrobolan and aluminium sulphate applied in sequence under optimised conditions of mordanting with effects of use of different proportions of binary mixture of selective natural dyes on colour strength and other colour. Parameters and colour fastness properties have been investigated. Compatibility of selective binary mixture of dyes was also judged by a relatively newer colour index parameter established earlier from this laboratory. Binary of mixture of RSW and MJ is found to be most compatible with rating 4 (in 0–5 scale), and mixture of RSW:MG and RSW:JFW is found to have average compatibility having rating 3. Dyed fabric samples have also been further treated with cationic dye-fixing agents namely N-cetyl-N-trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), cetrimide and Sandofix-HCF to improve wash fastness. Treatment with 2% CTAB or Sandofix-HCF improves the wash fastness to nearly 1 unit. Treatment with 1% benztriazole improves the light fastness of natural dyed jute textiles nearly half to one unit. The possible chemistry and mechanisms for such improvement in wash fastness by CTAB and improvement of light fastness by benztriazole for jute have also been discussed to explain the observed effects.

Improvement of Lightfastness of Functional Dyes

Improvement of Lightfastness of Functional Dyes

A new model system for studying excited states of dye aggregates of photographic color paper

As a new model system of dye-containing oil droplet of color paper, the dispersion of dye-containing oil droplet in water was successfully prepared by reprecipitation method, and was used for the analysis of photo-excited states of dyes used for color image formation in silver halide color photography. This model was applied to analysis of photo-excited states of yellow dye aggregates of 1,1-dioxo-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine series. It was found that the lightfastness of the yellow dye of this series is controlled by the degree of aggregation and the lifetime of S 1 state of the aggregate. Based on the finding, we have succeeded in improvement of lightfastness of the dye by sterically hindering the aggregation and reducing the lifetime of the excited state.

Molecular design and synthesis of N-arylsulfonated coumarin fluorescent dyes and their application to textiles

A series of new coumarin fluorescent dyes derived from arylsulfonation of the parent benzothiazole, benzimidazole and benzoxazole dyes have been synthesized in high yield. The dyes were successfully applied to polyester fabrics to give highly fluorescent greenish-yellow shades. Improvements in fastness to sublimation, washing and perspiration (both acidic and alkaline) were observed but there was no general improvement in lightfastness compared with the parent compounds. Molecular modeling studies (AM1, MM2, ZINDO calculations) were used to investigate relationships between the chemical structures, spectral properties and technical performance.

Photostabilization of organic thermochromic pigments. Part 2: Effect of hydroxyarylbenzotriazoles containing an amphoteric counter-ion moiety on the light fastness of color formers

Color formers are extensively used in information-recording systems or thermochromic systems for textiles, but their light fastness properties are poor; improvement of light fastness is therefore being sought. Various kinds of stabilizer were synthesized in an attempt to prolong the life of colored species derived from color formers. The retarding effect of these compounds towards photofading was investigated on cellulose. It was found that hydroxyarylbenzotriazoles bearing groups that are capable of acting as amphoteric counter-ions play an important role in improving the light fastness of colorants for imaging and data-recording systems. Both zinc and nickel 3-(2-benzotriazolyl)-2-hydroxy-1-naphthoates and derivatives are proposed as effective stabilizers against the fading of color formers.

Photostabilization of organic thermochromic pigments: Action of benzotriazole type UV absorbers bearing an amphoteric counter-ion moiety on the light fastness of color formers

Color formers are extensively used in information recording systems or thermochromic systems for textiles, but their light fastness properties are poor. The improvement of light fastness is therefore being sought at the present time. Various kinds of stabilizers have been synthesized to prolong the life of colored species derived from color formers. The retarding effect of these compounds towards photofading was investigated on cellulose. It was found that the UV absorbers bearing the groups capable of acting as an amphoteric counter-ion play a very important role in improving the light fastness of colorants for imaging and data recording systems. Zinc and nickel 5-(2-benzotriazolyl)-2,4-dihydroxybenzoates and the derivatives have been proposed as effective stabilizers against the fading of color formers.

New developments in the stabilization of leuco dyes: effect of UV absorbers containing an amphoteric counter-ion moiety on the light fastness of color formers

Color formers are extensively used in information recording systems or thermochromic systems for textiles, but their light fastness properties are poor. The improvement of light fastness is therefore being sought at the present time. Various kinds of stabilizers have been synthesized to prolong the life of colored species derived from color formers. The suppressing effect of these compounds towards photofading was investigated on cellulose. It was found that the UV absorbers bearing the groups capable of acting as an amphoteric counter-ion play very important role in improving the light fastness of colorants for imaging and data recording systems. Zinc and nickel 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone-3-carboxylates have been proposed as effective stabilizers against the fading of color formers.

Copper salts in the post-metallization of non-genotoxic direct dyes

Copper (II) salts are used as metallizing agents in the synthesis of new non-genotoxic direct dyes for cotton. Specifically, cotton fabric is dyed with non-genotoxic disazo direct dyes and then treated with copper salts. The complexes are characterized by neutron activation analysis, absorption spectrometry and standard Salmonella mammalian mutagenicity assay, and the after-treated fabrics are evaluated for lightfastness and washfastness. Direct dyes possessingortho-propoxy andortho’-hydroxy substituted systems formed the corresponding nonmutagenic 1:2 dye:metal complex and undergo significant improvement in lightfastness following metallization.

Improvement of Light Fastness of Basic Dyes on Jute

Improvement of Light Fastness of Basic Dyes on Jute

Improvement of light fastness of natural dyes. Part 2: Effect of functional phenyl esters on the photofading of carthamin in polymeric substrate†

The photofading behaviour of carthamin in cellulose acetate film was investigated. A contribution from singlet oxygen to that fading was suggested. Phenyl esters containing nickel sulphonate quenching groups were prepared and the protecting effect of these compounds towards the photofading of carthamin was examined in cellulose acetate film. It is proposed that nickel sulphonate derivatives of phenyl esters can be applied as effective stabilisers against the fading of natural dyes.

Effects of plasma treatment and metal‐ion chelation on lightfastness of dyed polyester/cotton fabric

AbstractPolyester/cotton blend fabric was dyed with Chemistron dye—a mixture of reactive/disperse dyes. Dyed fabrics were subjected to radiofrequency (RF) plasma treatment of different duration and were subsequently treated with metal salts. The effect of surface modification by plasma and dye–metal complex on colorfastness to light is discussed. Evaluation of the improvement in lightfastness was made using the CIE system of color measurement with a standard illuminant D65 and 10° standard observer. The color parameters and color deviations were obtained by Data flash–100 color measurement spectrophotometer with chroma QC 3.0 color quality control software. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 292–299, 2001