Improvement Of Environmental Situation Research Articles

GREEN SPACES IN CITIES AND SURROUNDINGS. SEARCH FOR THE WAYS TO OPTIMIZE ENVIRONMENTAL RELATIONS IN THE CONCEPT OF «GREAT LVIV»

Forming of green spaces in Lviv has a long-lasting historical tradition starting from city inclusion into Austro-Hungarian Empire and continuing in the period be-tween wars (Polish) (1919–1939) and German-Soviet period (1939–1989). Landscap-ing was treated differently in these periods. Relevant approaches to city landscaping and architectural techniques were formed. Currently the intensification and concen-tration of developments is taking place in the city, anthropological pressure on bio-logically active city territories is growing, “green islands” are disappearing, air pollu-tion is increasing, integrity and continuity of green spaces are being violated and the requirements enshrined in the laws, rules and urban planning documents are not com-plied with. The number of green spaces in the city is reducing and their quality is de-teriorating. Characteristics of natural-landscape conditions of Lviv suburban zone and its resources indicates the unique natural-landscape peculiarities of the territory: it is lo-cated on the main European watershed. There are certain natural areas here with complicated configuration (geomorphological area of Lviv Roztochya, Lviv plateau, Hryadove Pobuzhzhya (banks along the tributaries of the Western Bug River), plain of Small Polissya, etc). The corresponding regimen of “nature’s life” was formed. The system of settlement in suburban areas has been formed historically and is de-pendent on natural-landscape conditions: the khutir (isolated farmstead) system is preserved in the Western direction; established settlement system was ruined in the course of construction of military training area; settlements are concentrated towards the direction of Lviv and transport communications. New construction within the area under research is characterized by non-systemic and chaotic nature — the decisive role here is played by specialists in land management, who set the perspectives of set-tlements development and urbanization processes expansion by their local decisions. In general, the territories have considerable natural-landscape capacity and reserves for development. However, the integral concept of landscapes protection and per-spective use and development of Lviv suburbs is lacking. Main activity is taking place at the level of newly created territorial communities, creating environmental and social-economic threats for Lviv and the territories in future. The problems of green spaces and their interaction with surroundings are out-lined. Main attention is focused on project mistakes and violations of standards and requirements of urban planning documents. Analysis of strategic documents devel-oped in the recent decades shows that they are of declarative nature; there isn’t any objective statistics; the structure is not developed and city processes are not moni-tored; local programs and experts’ views are manipulated. Of special concern are the issues of ignoring of master plan requirements, speculative approach of local territo-rial communities to development and use of territories (including the development of nature protection areas); orientation solely on capital inflow. Existing suggestions on improvement of environmental situation in the city and optimization of city interac-tion with surroundings are examined and the authors’ suggestions are outlined. Lviv and its suburbs will have to change — to be oriented on human-centered and envi-ronmentally sound approach to co-existence, improvement of socio-environmental-economic efficiency of the use of resources, — which the concept of urban planning system “Great Lviv” is oriented on.

Activities of mining and metallurgical industry enterprises of the Republic of Kazakhstan: environmental problems and possible solutions

The paper discusses the issues related to modern environmental problems that have arisen in connection with the activities of the mining and metallurgical industry enterprises of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The authors emphasize that due to the industrial progress of the mining and metallurgical industry, which is one of the main sectors of the republic’s economy, the level of environmental pollution is increasing. The contributing authors prove by examples that, on the one hand, the growth of the economic potential of the mining and metallurgical industry and the transition to market mechanisms for the development of the economy have generated a large increase in the potential of the republic as a major exporter and leader among the world’s raw material powers. On the other hand, the increase in industrial production led to a real threat of an environmental crisis in the republic. We conclude that it is possible to solve the environmental problems by improving measures to protect atmospheric air and increasing the efficiency of water resources use and protection. In addition, according to the authors, reduction in the chemical load on the soil, strengthening of the work on protection, reproduction and rational use of the plant and animal world, the introduction of treatment facilities and plants, especially in places of mining, will create a favorable environment for a significant improvement in environmental situation in theregion.

STRATEGIC PLANNING OF CITY DEVELOPMENT (ON THE EXAMPLE OF KAZAN)

The article describes the stages of development and analysis of the strategy of socio-economic development of Kazan until 2030 with the aim of structuring its content, the analysis of prospects of development of the capital of the Republic of Tatarstan, development objectives the city of Kazan, on the basis of their own capacities and competitive advantages, taking into account public priorities (representatives of the local community and businesses expressed in various discussion and project sites) for a focused «vision» of the future city Kazan, determining organizational and financial measures and tools that mobilize these resources and activity of society and the business community to achieve the goals. Also considered and structured priorities among the regulatory measures of the economic, investment and social policy, improvement of environmental situation and transformation of public spaces and architectural framework of the city. Positioned events, projects and programs, which are crucial for the effective implementation of the development strategy of Kazan and is aimed at minimizing economic risks, as reflected in the basic principle of formation of the strategy: orientation to improving the quality of life of citizens by 2030. Proven analytical way of per-item sync with the goals and objectives of the Strategy for socio-economic development of the Republic of Tatarstan till 2030, as well as harmonization with strategic planning documents: the Federal law of June 28, 2014 No. 172-FZ «On strategic planning in the Russian Federation» and the Law «On strategic planning in the Republic of Tatarstan» (March 16, 2015 No. 12-ZRT).

The history of researches of forests and forestry in Volyn region

History of forests and forestry in Volyn region from ancient times to the present day is investigated. The extent of human impact on forests is described. The modern problems of forests and forest resources in Volyn region are considered. The system of measures, aimed at ensuring rational use and reproduction of forests and improvement of environmental situation in the region's forests is justified