Improve Water Control Research Articles

Analysis of Mini Polder Performance for Improved Water Management in the Dadahup Swampy Irrigation Area

The Indonesian government has chosen the Dadahup Swampy Irrigation Area as one of its Food Estate regions to address food security concerns. Following the rehabilitation of the irrigation network and the construction of gates from 2020 to 2022, block A5 is chosen as a pilot project using a mini polder as its water system management. In the right block A5, mini polders small-scale embankments are designed to regulate water flow and optimize land utilization. This research comprehensively evaluates the mini polder’s effectiveness in right block A5 in improving water control within the swampy landscape, considering the influence of rainfall patterns. Our study aims to comprehensively evaluate how mini polders effectively improve water control in the Dadahup Swamp Irrigation Area. To achieve this, we consider the influence of rainfall patterns, which play a significant role in the region’s hydrological dynamics. In addition to traditional data analysis, we integrate hydraulic simulations into our study using HEC-RAS software. These simulations allow us to model and visualize how mini polders interact with the complex water flow patterns in the Dadahup Swampy Irrigation Area. By combining empirical data with hydraulic simulations, we can better understand how mini-polders function in response to varying rainfall scenarios. Based on the simulation results, it was found that without the polder system, the water level would be on dry land during the dry season. The simulation provides direction or guidelines for polder operations to maintain the water level as long as possible during the dry season and prevent flooding during the rainy season. This research can provide valuable insights into sustainable agriculture practices in this unique and challenging environment.

Enhancing Water Resource Management Efficiency through Smart Technologies: A Case Study in Kashkadarya Region, Uzbekistan

This article presents a comprehensive study on the implementation of "Smart Water" devices in water management facilities in the Kashkadarya region of Uzbekistan. The goals of this initiative were to achieve efficient water control, real-time monitoring, and rapid water management. Through the installation of smart devices, including "Smart Water" devices and "DIVER" devices, water resources were effectively managed, resulting in online water control and significant water resource savings. The automation of large hydrotechnical facilities, such as the Karshi hydroelectric plant, enabled remote management and reduced technical water losses. Additionally, the pilot project on automation, based on solutions provided by the Australian company "Rubicon Water Pty. Ltd," showcased the potential for digitalization and automation in water resources management. The project demonstrated successful outcomes, including increased accuracy in land reclamation assessment, reduced water shortage, enhanced water resource utilization, and significant cost savings. The findings highlight the effectiveness and advantages of smart technologies in water management, underscoring the need for their widespread adoption in addressing water scarcity and sustainable water resource management globally.
 
 
 
 Highlights:
 
 
 
 
 
 Improved Water Control: Implementation of "Smart Water" devices enables real-time monitoring and online water control, enhancing efficient water resource management.
 
 
 Cost Savings and Resource Efficiency: Automation and smart technologies lead to significant water savings, reduced technical losses, and improved water utilization, resulting in economic benefits.
 
 
 Scalable Solutions for Global Water Management: The successful pilot project by "Rubicon Water Pty. Ltd" demonstrates the potential for widespread adoption of smart technologies in addressing water scarcity and promoting sustainable water resource management globally.
 
 
 Keywords: water resources, smart water, efficient technologies, water management, automation.
 
 
 
 
 

A deep learning approach to concrete water-cement ratio prediction

Concrete is a versatile construction material, but the water content can greatly influence its quality. However, using the trials and error method to determine the optimum water for the concrete mix results in poor quality concrete structures, which often end up in landfills as construction wastes, thus threatening environmental safety. This paper develops deep neural networks to predict the required water for a normal concrete mix. Standard data samples obtained from certified/leading laboratories were fed into a deep learning model (multilayers feedforward neural network) to automate the calibration of mixing power of the concrete water content for improved water control accuracy. We randomly split the data into 70%, 15% and 15%, respectively, to train, validate and test the model. The developed DNN model was subjected to relevant statistical metrics and benchmarked against the random forest, gradient boosting machines, and support vector machines. The performance indices obtained by the DNN model have the highest reliability compared to other models for concrete water prediction.

Inverted-ESP Completion Boosts Oil Rate While Disposing of Produced Water

This article, written by Special Publications Editor Adam Wilson, contains highlights of paper SPE 187624, “Subsurface Disposal of Produced Water and Simultaneous Increased Oil Production Achieved Within the Same Wellbore Using Inverted ESP—North Kuwait Case Study,” by Shamseldin Z. Elaila, Elred Anthony, Nora H. Al Maqsseed, Mohammad K. Al-Banai, and Sara N. Al-Mutairi, KOC, prepared for the 2017 SPE Kuwait Oil and Gas Show and Conference, Kuwait City, Kuwait, 15–18 October. The paper has not been peer reviewed. This paper aims to provide an introduction to the early management of downhole produced water in strong waterdrive reservoirs using inverted electrical-submersible-pump (ESP) technology. This technology facilitates a method of downhole water disposal within the same wellbore and, therefore, reduces the costs associated with bringing water to the surface or subsurface for treatment. The technique also saves the costs needed for drilling disposal wells. Problems Associated With Produced Water Water produced with petroleum is growing in importance from an industrial and environmental standpoint. In the past, this water was considered to be waste and required disposal. Early on, little attention was paid to the fate of the produced water in the environment. Later, it became clear that possible contamination from produced-water disposal, especially on the surface, needed to be considered. This unwanted water is also a limiting factor in the productive life of the well. Many factors influence the drive for improved water control—loss of hydrocarbon production, environmental effect of disposal, government regulations, and public opinion. The environmental issues and costs related to produced water and its disposal are becoming major considerations for producers. The economic factors of reducing water production far outweigh the cost of typical water-control treatments. Historically, water-control treatments have often failed because of one or more of the following problems: the source of the problem was not properly identified, the wrong treatment was carried out, or the correct treatment was performed improperly. For disposal or injection into reservoir rocks, this water must be processed and treated through a series of time-intensive and costly operations. Suspended solids and oil must be removed to an appropriate degree to reduce oil losses and prevent plugging of the disposal formation. Also, increasingly stringent regulations on the entrained and dissolved oil and other chemicals in the produced water must be met. Economics of Produced Water Except in the case of gas production from coal seams, water-production rates usually start slowly from the initial development of a property. Facility designers may forestall construction and installation of water-handling equipment deliberately at the beginning of a project to reduce initial capital costs. The eventual appearance of water production requires the addition of capital investment and operational expense to handle the growing water rates, which do not generate revenue to offset the cost. The natural tendency for companies is to minimize the immediate expense; as a result, companies often underdesign the equipment or fail to budget properly for operational expenses.

An internet of things for water utility monitoring and control

The aim of thepaper is to advise more efficient water monitoring and control approach to reduce the water loss. This may assist users, operatorsto improve water control systems, by using the emerging technology. Net of factors is one of the essential strategies for making consumption of water assets more efficient and for developing extra utilityproperstructures. Now–a–days the water monitoring and control is dealing with a few issues. As an example the manipulate structures usedby using waterdistributionutilities ought to function over a hugevicinity. Massive water utilities go through transit losses due to leaks and burstpipes. An IoT answer for water tracking and control ambitions at being capable of gather more than one device, analyzing these recordsand dispatching themand consequences from processing to diverse programs or to other devices.

Aquatic insects in a multistress environment: cross-tolerance to salinity and desiccation.

Exposing organisms to a particular stressor may enhance tolerance to a subsequent stress, when protective mechanisms against the two stressors are shared. Such cross-tolerance is a common adaptive response in dynamic multivariate environments and often indicates potential co-evolution of stress traits. Many aquatic insects in inland saline waters from Mediterranean-climate regions are sequentially challenged with salinity and desiccation stress. Thus, cross-tolerance to these physiologically similar stressors could have been positively selected in insects of these regions. We used adults of the saline water beetles Enochrus jesusarribasi (Hydrophilidae) and Nebrioporus baeticus (Dytiscidae) to test cross-tolerance responses to desiccation and salinity. In independent laboratory experiments, we evaluated the effects of (i) salinity stress on the subsequent resistance to desiccation and (ii) desiccation stress (rapid and slow dehydration) on the subsequent tolerance to salinity. Survival, water loss and haemolymph osmolality were measured. Exposure to stressful salinity improved water control under subsequent desiccation stress in both species, with a clear cross-tolerance (enhanced performance) in N. baeticus In contrast, general negative effects on performance were found under the inverse stress sequence. The rapid and slow dehydration produced different water loss and haemolymph osmolality dynamics that were reflected in different survival patterns. Our finding of cross-tolerance to salinity and desiccation in ecologically similar species from distant lineages, together with parallel responses between salinity and thermal stress previously found in several aquatic taxa, highlights the central role of adaption to salinity and co-occurring stressors in arid inland waters, having important implications for the species' persistence under climate change.

Improved water control and crop management effects on lowland rice productivity in West Africa

Much of the rapidly-growing demand for rice in West Africa will be met from production in inland valley swamps which are abundant and relatively robust with regard to cropping intensification. Rice yields in the traditional, predominating non-bunded systems are low (about 1.5 Mg ha−1). Informal development of traditional rainfed lowlands is currently occurring across the region, mainly with low-cost interventions such as the building of field bunds. Relating lowland rice yield to quantitative information on resource base quality and agronomic practices will improve future research priorities and guide site and system-specific targeting of available technical options. Diagnostic on-farm trials were conducted in 62 traditional and 40 improved (bunded) rainfed lowland fields in three agro-ecological zones of Cote d'Ivoire (Guinea savanna, bimodal forest, and monomodal forest zones) to quantify effects of improved water control on productivity. Weed biomass and rice grain yield were determined in farmers' fields and in super-imposed researcher-managed subplots (clean weeding, zero N control treatment, and mineral fertilizer N application). Grain yield variability was attributed to agronomic practices using multiple regression analysis. Bunding significantly increased rice grain yield across sites by about 40% and controlled weeds, with approximately 25% less weed biomass in bunded than in open plots. Mineral fertilizer N application significantly increased rice yields (18% on average across sites) only in bunded fields, where N use efficiency was 12 compared to 4 kg of rice grain per kg of applied N in open fields. Across environments, about 60% of the observed variability in rice grain yields was explained by water control and the timing of agronomic management interventions (weeding, N application). The increased development of lowland rice areas through the construction of field bunds has the potential to significantly increase rice production in West Africa, while also possibly reducing labor requirements for hand weeding and allowing for a more efficient use of mineral N fertilizers. The benefits from construction of bunds are likely to be largest in the relatively well-drained inland valleys of the savanna and bimodal rainfall forest, compared to the high-rainfall monomodal forest zones.

Rice yield and productivity gaps in irrigated systems of the forest zone of Côte d'Ivoire

Much of the rapidly growing demand for rice in West Africa will be met from increased production in irrigated lowlands, which cover about 12% of the regional rice-growing area. A large potential for expansion of irrigated areas exists particularly in the inland valleys of the humid forest zone. Current production is characterized by large variability in productivity, management practices and production constraints. Quantifying the variability in rice yield and identifying the determining factors are prerequisites to the development of site-specific recommendations and to improved targeting of technologies. Diagnostic on-farm trials were conducted on 64 irrigated lowland fields in the humid forest zone of southern Côte d'Ivoire, in 1995–1996. This was a part of the regional gradient study of irrigated systems from the desert margin to the humid forest zone. Cropping calendars, field operations and input use were monitored. Weed biomass, rice N uptake, and grain yield were determined in farmers' fields as well as in super-imposed, researcher-managed subplots (clean weeding, no N control, and mineral fertilizer N application). Rice yield potential was simulated by using the Oryza-S crop growth model. Yield losses were attributed to management factors based on performance of rice in researcher-managed subplots (management-related yield gap) and by multiple regression with management options. Grain yields varied between 0.2 and 7.3 Mg ha −1 with mean yields of 3.2 in partially and 4.2 Mg ha −1 in fully irrigated systems, 44% and 57% of the potential yield of 7.3 Mg ha −1, respectively. Age of seedlings at transplanting, timeliness of operations and application of P fertilizer were correlated to yield and explained 60% of the observed variability. Grain yield was correlated with N uptake ( r 2 = 0.93 ***) but not with N application rate. Split application of mineral fertilizer N was associated with a 0.48 Mg ha −1 yield increase ( p = 0.002), regardless of the quantity applied. Additional weeding increased yield only in systems with imperfect irrigation. Weed biomass was reduced with improved water control and it increased with age of seedlings at transplanting, and was higher in direct-seeded than in transplanted rice. Echinochloa spp. were the most common weeds in fully irrigated systems and Panicum laxum was more common in the imperfectly irrigated fields. While improved water management was associated with substantial rice yield increases (1.16 Mg ha −1), the timeliness of transplanting, weeding and N fertilization appears to be the key to increased rice yields in the forest zone of West Africa.

Groundwater markets in Gujarat, India

Markets for groundwater have emerged where well owners have surplus water and there is high demand for irrigation water. This has increased the return on groundwater investments and induced investment in mechanisms to reduce conveyance losses. Private sales of water overcome the problem of indivisibility of groundwater investments and have provided non‐well owners access to groundwater. Although well owners are in a potential monopoly position, pricing is influenced by the fact that water has to be sold in the vicinity of the well. Water charges are determined by costs, monopoly rents and local tradition. The barrier to market entry is the investment required to construct a well irrigation system. Buyers of private groundwater have improved water control and hence increased agricultural production.

Developments in Agricultural Technology

The essential ingredients of land-augmenting technical change, required by most developing countries in Asia, have been delineated by Professor Ishikawa and traced during earlier periods for India, Japan, Taiwan and Mainland China. Among all the indicators associated with progress in agricultural development, only three are indispensable to rapid and prolonged growth in yields at the initial stage: improved water control; abundant supplies of fertilizers; and high-yielding seed varieties responsive to these inputs. While the introduction of one or more of these three normally provides some growth in average yields, there are much greater returns when all three are applied appropriately. These are the fundamental ingredients of the “green revolution,” which has provided rapid growth in cereal yields throughout most of Asia and elsewhere in the developing world.

A Quantitative Analysis of Bottomland Communities in South-Central Oklahoma

Floodplain plant communities were sampled at 13 sites along Wildhorse and Rush creeks in south-central Oklahoma. Ulmus americana, Salix nigra, Tamarax gallica, Salix interior, Populus deltoides, Amorpha fruticosa, Parthenocissus quinquefolia, Rhus radicans, Cynodon dactylon, Ambrosia trifida, and Bromus japonicus were important species of communities which occurred in stream channels. Celtis sp., U. americana, Sapindus drummondii, Acer negundo, Symphoricarpos orbiculatus, P. quinquefolia, Smilax bona-nox, Vitis spp.. Elymus virginicus, and Sanicula canadensis were important species of bottomland forest communities which occurred adjacent to stream channels. The composition of bottomland forests was similar to that reported by Rice (1965) for bottomland forests of north-central Oklahoma. A large majority of the forests along Wildhorse and Rush creeks have been destroyed and replaced by agricultural communities which are of little value to wildlife species. If present trends continue, it is likely that all significant stands of bottomland forests will be eliminated from these streams in the near future. In Oklahoma, mesic eastern deciduous forest communities generally merge with tall grass prairie communities in the eastern third of the state (Duck and Fletcher 1943). However, corridors of mesic forest extend a considerable distance farther west along streams. At one time, most of the major streams in central Oklahoma supported extensive growths of riparian forest (Bruner 1931). These served as critical wildlife habitat for many species with eastern deciduous forest affinities. During the 20th century, the total area of bottomland forests in central Oklahoma has been drastically reduced in association with improved water control measures and increased agro-industrial activities in the