Improve Access To Services Research Articles

Barriers and Facilitators to Mental Health Service Integration: A Scoping Review.

Mental health service integration currently has no consensus definition and exists in a variety of settings, including primary care, addiction treatment and chronic disease management, and mental health nurses have often experienced efforts at service integration with varying degrees of success. The intent of mental health service integration is to enable collaboration between mental health services and other healthcare providers to improve service access and the care provided to individuals with mental health issues or mental illness. This scoping review aimed to explore service integration between mental health services and with a specific focus on those evaluated in peer-reviewed, primary literature, to determine facilitators and barriers to service integration. Using the Arksey and O'Malley's framework for scoping reviews, we located 3148 studies, with screening narrowing final papers for inclusion to 18. Facilitators to service integration included clinician education, adequate resourcing and an interdisciplinary approach, while barriers included staff factors such as a reluctance to work with individuals with mental illness, consumer level barriers such as poor mental health literacy, 'territorialism' among staff and organisational climate. Research indicates that service integration is an effective means to detect and treat mental health issues in settings that do not traditionally provide mental health care, lowering the costs of providing healthcare and providing improved care for mental health needs; however, there are several barriers to be addressed to achieve full implementation of integration models.

"Everyone should at least get a Kia": Policymaker perspectives on equity of Medicaid among transition age autistic youth

BackgroundThis study examined the challenges faced by transition age autistic youth in accessing Medicaid services, considering the historical focus on children in autism research and services. The study aimed to explore Medicaid enrollment and support for this population. MethodThe study involved Medicaid and Protection & Advocacy (P&A) representatives from states with varying performance levels in eligibility, access, and service use. Discussions with experts focused on waivers, Early, Periodic, Screening, Detection, and Treatment (EPSDT), and barriers to service access. ResultsThe findings highlighted the need to improve service access for transition age autistic youth. States identified the importance of maximizing EPDST utilization before aging out of childhood systems and pursuing waiver enrollment. These insights emphasized the significance of addressing service gaps during the transition to adulthood. ConclusionsThe study's implications for practice are substantial. Policymakers and service providers must acknowledge the limitedservice access for autistic individuals as they transition from child systems. The study emphasized the value of strategies like maximizing EPDST utilization and pursuing waivers to ensure ongoing support for autistic youth during their transition to adulthood. By addressing these challenges, practitioners can better meet the needs of transition age autistic individuals and facilitate their access to essential services.

Enhancing Service Efficiency and Accessibility for Persons with Disabilities: An Information Management System with SMS Notification in Libertad, Antique

This research evaluates the effectiveness of a Persons with Disabilities (PWD) Information Management System with SMS notification implemented in Libertad, Antique, Philippines. The system aims to improve service accessibility and efficiency for PWD by providing a centralized platform for information dissemination and service delivery. The study utilizes the ISO/IEC 25010 Software Quality Model and McCall's Software Quality Model to assess the system's user experience and technical aspects, respectively. The findings reveal a generally positive assessment of the system's quality, with high ratings for functional suitability, performance efficiency, compatibility, usability, and reliability. However, areas for improvement include security, maintainability, and portability. The paper concludes by discussing the benefits of the system for both the PWD population and the PWD office, highlighting the need for further development to enhance user profiling, real-time support, and data-driven enhancements. The study demonstrates the transformative potential of technology in promoting inclusion and improving the lives of individuals with disabilities.

Bridging healthcare gaps: a scoping review on the role of artificial intelligence, deep learning, and large language models in alleviating problems in medical deserts.

"Medical deserts" are areas with low healthcare service levels, challenging the access, quality, and sustainability of care. This qualitative narrative review examines how artificial intelligence (AI), particularly large language models (LLMs), can address these challenges by integrating with e-Health and the Internet of Medical Things to enhance services in under-resourced areas. It explores AI-driven telehealth platforms that overcome language and cultural barriers, increasing accessibility. The utility of LLMs in providing diagnostic assistance where specialist deficits exist is highlighted, demonstrating AI's role in supplementing medical expertise and improving outcomes. Additionally, the development of AI chatbots offers preliminary medical advice, serving as initial contact points in remote areas. The review also discusses AI's role in enhancing medical education and training, supporting the professional development of healthcare workers in these regions. It assesses AI's strategic use in data analysis for effective resource allocation, identifying healthcare provision gaps. AI, especially LLMs, is seen as a promising solution for bridging healthcare gaps in "medical deserts," improving service accessibility, quality, and distribution. However, continued research and development are essential to fully realize AI's potential in addressing the challenges of medical deserts.

The Development of a Geographic Information System for Mapping Creative Economy Actors in Balikpapan Using the Prototype Method

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) play a crucial role in collecting, managing, analyzing, and presenting geographically referenced data. This research focuses on the development of a GIS-based application designed to map and analyze the distribution of creative economy participants in Balikpapan. Using the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) Prototype method, the study integrates spatial data with geographic analysis, utilizing technologies such as Node.js, Leaflet, Laravel, and QGIS in the development process. Data related to creative economy actors is gathered locally, while spatial data is sourced from the Ina Geoportal website. This web-based application provides comprehensive mapping capabilities, enabling users to identify strategic business locations, optimize business potential, and improve service accessibility. Additionally, the tool aims to offer insights for local government policymaking, contributing to regional economic growth and enhancing community welfare. The integration of GIS into the application also supports the preservation and promotion of regional cultural identity, offering valuable information for sustainable development. Ultimately, this research highlights the significant role of GIS in improving economic planning, fostering informed decision-making, and driving sustainable development in Balikpapan.

Differential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health service access among Medicaid-enrolled individuals.

The COVID-19 public health emergency (PHE) caused significant disruptions in the delivery of care, with in-person visits decreasing and telehealth use increasing. We investigated the impact of these changes on mental health services for Medicaid-enrolled adults and youth in Washington State. Among enrollees with existing mental health conditions, the first year of the PHE was associated with a surge in specialty outpatient mental health visits (13% higher for adults and 7% higher for youth), returning to pre-PHE levels in the second year. Conversely, youth with new mental health needs experienced a decline in specialty outpatient visit rates by ∼15% and 37% in the first and second years of the PHE, respectively. These findings indicate that while mental health service use was maintained or improved for established patients, these patterns did not extend to Medicaid-enrolled youth with new mental health needs, potentially due to barriers such as difficulty in finding providers and establishing new patient-provider relationships remotely. To bridge this gap, there is a need for a multi-faceted approach that includes improving service accessibility, enhancing provider availability, and optimizing initial care encounters, whether in-person or virtual, to better support new patients.

Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa in Spanish Middle-Aged Adults: Links to Sociodemographic Factors, Diet, and Lifestyle.

This study examines the prevalence of eating disorders, particularly anorexia and bulimia nervosa, among middle-aged Spaniards, noting their rising incidence in men as well as women. It explores how these disorders relate to sociodemographic factors and lifestyle habits. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from August 2020 to November 2021 via online platforms. Participants were Spanish nationals aged 31-50 years residing in Spain. Out of 9913 respondents, 96.66% reported no diagnosed eating disorders, while 3.34% reported one or more (0.36% anorexia nervosa; 0.53% bulimia nervosa; 1.97% other eating disorders; 0.48% multiple disorders). Concerns about body image and lack of control over food intake were reported by 50% and 28%, respectively, suggesting potential undiagnosed disorders. Significant BMI differences were noted between healthy individuals and those with anorexia or bulimia. Anorexia and bulimia affect both adolescents and middle-aged individuals, challenging existing stereotypes. The high prevalence of undiagnosed eating disorder behaviors highlights the need for early detection. To address these issues in Spain, targeted awareness programs are essential to reduce stigma and improve service access through clinical, social, and political collaboration.

Improving service accessibility and equity for sustainable development goals without newly facilities by rural settlement reconstruction

Ensuring the provision of accessible, affordable, and high-quality public services to all individuals aligns with one of the paramount aims of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In the face of escalating urbanization and a dwindling rural populace in China, reconstructing rural settlements to enhance public service accessibility has become a fundamental strategy for achieving the SDGs in rural areas. However, few studies have examined the optimal methods for rural settlement reconstruction that ensure accessible and equitable public services while considering multiple existing facilities and service provisions. This paper focuses on rural settlement reconstruction in the context of the SDGs, employing an inverted MCLP-CC (maximal coverage location problem for complementary coverage) model to identify optimal rural settlements and a rank-based method for their relocation. Conducted in Changyuan, a county-level city in Henan Province, China, this study observed significant enhancements in both accessibility and equity following rural settlement reconstruction by utilizing the MH3SFCA (modified Huff 3-step floating catchment area) and the spatial Lorenz curve method. Remarkably, these improvements were achieved without the addition of new facilities, with the accessibility increasing by 44.21%, 4.97%, and 3.11%; Gini coefficients decreasing by 19.53%, 1.64%, and 3.18%; Ricci-Schutz coefficients decreasing by 21.09%, 2.09%, and 4.33% for educational, medical, and cultural and sports facilities, respectively. It indicated that rural settlement reconstruction can bolster the accessibility and equity of public services by leveraging existing facilities. This paper provides a new framework for stakeholders to better reconstruct rural settlements and promote sustainable development in rural areas in China.

Ecological Restoration and Sustainable Development: The Impact of Wakaf Forest Institutions on Socio-Economic Benefits

Indonesia is enhancing forest landscapes, particularly in deforestation-affected areas, through waqf forests to achieve environmental sustainability and community welfare. This study examines the ecological restoration processes within waqf forests and offers policy recommendations. It investigates causal relationships affecting waqf forest populations in Cibunian and Cibeureum villages using an ex post facto design and quantitative methods. Focusing on Cibunian beneficiaries, who generally possess higher education levels, the study explores the link between education and improved forest management. Data were collected via structured questionnaires and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Findings reveal that the Waqf Forest Institution significantly impacts the socio-economic benefits of the waqf forest, contributing 26.4% to these benefits. Additionally, the institution enhances the ecological restoration of the waqf forest by 13.9%. The path coefficient value indicates a positive influence on the sustainability of these socio-economic benefits. Hypothesis testing confirms a significant impact of the Waqf Forest Institution, validating the alternative hypothesis (Ha). The Waqf Forest Institution is a vital resource for the local community, offering sustainable forest management and generating income. Managed in accordance with Indonesian laws and Islamic Sharia regulations, the institution strategically selects sites to improve service access and enhance the forest's role in livelihoods. The study underscores the importance of higher education in improving forest management and suggests policy frameworks support educational initiatives alongside ecological projects. Implications advocate for community-based financial models and strategic partnerships to address environmental challenges and promote sustainable development.

Government Transformation in the 5.0 Era: Challenges and Adaptation Strategies

Government Transformation in the 5.0 Era brings significant challenges that require appropriate adaptation strategies to meet increasingly complex public expectations and evolving technology. In the face of these changes, the government needs to adopt a strategy that allows people to interact directly through social media, mobile applications, and other online platforms. The government needs to prioritize investment in reliable and secure digital infrastructure to support the efficiency of public services and improve service accessibility for all levels of society. Through literature studies, this article presents an in-depth analysis of the conceptual framework and relevant findings related to government transformation. By strengthening the understanding of adaptation challenges and strategies, this article is expected to contribute to guiding effective policy measures and practices to support government transformation in the 5.0 Era. By adopting strategies, the government can overcome the challenges faced in government transformation in the 5.0 Era and take advantage of the opportunities offered by technological advances to provide better and inclusive public services for the community.

Interventions addressing routine childhood immunization and its behavioral and social drivers.

Despite the advances in vaccination, there are still several challenges in reaching millions of children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In this review, we present an extensive summary of the various strategies used for improving routine immunization in LMICs to aid program implementers in designing vaccination interventions. Experimental and quasi-experimental impact evaluations conducted in LMICs evaluating the effectiveness of interventions in improving routine immunization of children aged 0-5 years or the intermediate outcomes were included from 3ie's review of systematic reviews. Some additional impact evaluation studies published in recent years in select LMICs with large number of unvaccinated children were also included. Studies were coded to identify interventions and the barriers in the study context using the intervention framework developed in 3ie's Evidence Gap Map and the WHO's Behavioral and Social Drivers (BeSD) of vaccination framework, respectively. Qualitative analysis of the content was conducted to analyze the intervention strategies and the vaccination barriers that they addressed. One hundred and forty-two impact evaluations were included to summarize the interventions. To address attitudinal and knowledge related barriers to vaccination and to motivate caregivers, sensitization and educational programs, media campaigns, and monetary or non-monetary incentives to caregivers, that may or may not be conditional upon certain health behaviors, have been used across contexts. To improve knowledge of vaccination, its place, time, and schedule, automated voice messages and written or pictorial messages have been used as standalone or multicomponent strategies. Interventions used to improve service quality included training and education of health workers and providing monetary or non-monetary perks to them or sending reminders to them on different aspects of provision of vaccination services. Interventions like effective planning or outreach activities, follow-up of children, tracking of children that have missed vaccinations, pay-for-performance schemes and health system strengthening have also been used to improve service access and quality. Interventions aimed at mobilizing and collaborating with the community to impact social norms, attitudes, and empower communities to make health decisions have also been widely implemented.

Progress on Mental Health Policy to Improve Service Access and Quality for Older Adults: Recent Successes, Proposed Legislation, and Strategies for Sustainability

Progress on Mental Health Policy to Improve Service Access and Quality for Older Adults: Recent Successes, Proposed Legislation, and Strategies for Sustainability

Family Language Preference, Not Provider-Family Language Concordance, Predicts Integrated Psychology Treatment Engagement in a Spanish-English Bilingual Clinic.

Monolingual Spanish speakers-many of whom identify as Hispanic/Latine-often experience barriers to accessing psychology services, including language access. Integrated primary care (IPC) clinics, where individuals receive psychological services within primary care, aim to improve service accessibility. However, minoritized populations are less likely to engage with these services than non-Hispanic/Latine White individuals. Few studies examine psychology treatment engagement within pediatric integrated clinics for Spanish-speaking families. This study investigated differences in psychology treatment engagement for Spanish-speaking families and the role of patient-provider language concordance within pediatric IPC. A retrospective chart review examined data from a multiethnic sample of 887 patients (M age = 8.97 yrs, 55.69% male, 64.83% Hispanic/Latine, 6.99% non-Hispanic/Latine White, 41.71% Spanish-preferring) from an urban pediatric IPC clinic serving a high proportion of Hispanic/Latine, Spanish-speaking families. We examined the association between language preference and patient-provider language concordance on service engagement using hierarchical linear regression. Spanish-preferring families were more likely than English-preferring families to engage in psychology services. Working with a Spanish-speaking provider during an initial psychology visit was unrelated to psychology treatment engagement for Spanish-preferring families. Higher engagement for Spanish-preferring families seems to reflect the clinic's reputation as a center for linguistically accessible services. While linguistic accessibility remains important, our study did not detect an effect of language concordance during the initial psychology visit and subsequent treatment engagement. The findings highlight the importance of providing culturally responsive and linguistically accessible mental health services for Spanish-speaking families.

Exploring Young Adults' Reluctance to Engage With Psychiatric Hospitals in Erbil, Iraq: Identifying Barriers to Psychiatric Care.

In Erbil, Iraq, the reluctance of young adults to engage with psychiatric services is influenced by a complex array of barriers, including stigma-related, attitudinal, and instrumental factors that hinder effective mental healthcare access. This study aimed to identify these specific barriers to accessing psychiatric care among young adults in Erbil. The study utilized a cross-sectional online survey conducted between April 5th and May 1st, 2024. Data collection was carried out through purposive sampling and involved a comprehensive questionnaire. Electronic informed consent was obtained from all participants before they started the survey, which collected demographic data and utilized the Barriers to Access to Care Evaluation (BACE v3) tool. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 27 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage) were used for categorical data, while the mean and standard deviation characterized continuous variables. Chi-square tests, including Fisher's exact test and odds ratio (OR), were used to analyze categorical data, with a significance level set at p < 0.05. A total of 407 participants were enrolled in the study. The study highlighted several barriers to mental health care. Stigma-related barriers were significant, with participants fearing being seen as weak (mean score = 2.14, SD = 0.96) and concerns about being labeled "crazy" (mean score = 1.80, SD = 1.19). Regarding attitudinal barriers, there was a notable preference for dealing with issues independently (mean score = 2.04, SD = 0.98) and a tendency towardresolving problems without professional help (mean score = 1.88, SD = 0.98). Additionally, instrumental barriers were identified, including the rare availability of culturally diverse mental health professionals (mean score = 1.78, SD = 1.09) and practical difficulties such as arranging transportation to appointments (mean score = 0.61, SD = 0.87). The study demonstrated that young adults in Erbil face significant stigma and attitudinaland instrumental barriers to accessing psychiatric care. In response to these findings, it is recommended for the government to prioritize mental health awareness, actively destigmatize mental health issues, and improve service accessibility to foster a supportive care environment. Additionally, mental health professionals and educational institutions should collaborate to provide targeted support programs and resources for young adults.

The Case for Decentralizing Cancer Care: The Rural Oncology Home

Despite significant advances in cancer therapies over recent decades, the United States grapples with growing disparities in cancer-related outcomes between its rural populations and urban and suburban counterparts. These disparities can be attributed, in part, to the centralization of oncology services within urban centers, which concomitantly imposes heightened travel demands on rural patients, constricting their access to comprehensive cancer treatment and specialized care. Historically, strategies such as the visiting consultant outreach model have been deployed to improve service accessibility, yet they offer only fragmented solutions to the multifaceted challenge of equitable care distribution. In response to this challenge, the authors introduce the rural oncology home, an alternative model for rural oncology care delivery. This innovative approach is centered on a community-based, team-oriented framework that incorporates medical specialists and emphasizes supportive services. By leveraging advanced practice professionals and care coordination, the model aims to enhance the accessibility of specialized cancer care for rural patients. Such models for rural oncology care delivery are emerging, with a pronounced emphasis on leveraging telehealth technologies. The Lakewood Health System Rural Oncology Home model can potentially create a more equitable system of cancer care delivery that can bridge the rural cancer gap and improve outcomes for rural patients with cancer.

Online social interaction skill group for adolescents on the autism spectrum: Preliminary outcomes of the START Connections program

BackgroundPromising social skill interventions have emerged to target socialization vulnerabilities of autistic adolescents, but there remains a critical need for effective dissemination of these programs to improve service access. The Social Tools And Rules for Teens (START) Program is a group-based intervention program for increasing social motivation while enhancing social communication skill use. MethodThe current study aimed to evaluate START Connections, an online adaptation of the original START model. We (1) assessed the preliminary efficacy, feasibility, and acceptability of START Connections, and (2) compared its outcomes to a prior in-person START clinical trial. Participants were 41 autistic adolescents aged 11–16 and their parent. Each bi-weekly START Connections session consisted of a check-in, socialization time, group discussion and practice of social topics, group activity, and check-out. ResultsAttendance for the program was high and teens endorsed high levels of enjoyment and skill improvement. Analysis of treatment gains yielded evidence of increased emotion regulation, social skills, and social motivation. Improvements in behaviorally coded target skills were observed for many participants during naturalistic conversations. An analytical comparison revealed a comparable trend in outcomes between START Connections and in-person START groups for social challenges, self-reported social skill use, and social motivation and competence. ConclusionOverall, these pilot outcomes are extremely promising and suggest that the START Connections model is feasible and has the potential to improve social communication and emotion regulation in autistic teens. These results warrant a follow-up, RCT investigation evaluating the unique benefits of in-person versus online START Programs.

Family-Perceived Barriers and Facilitators Toward a Tele-Audiology Infant Diagnostic Testing Approach in Victoria, Australia.

Background: Universal newborn hearing screening programs allow for early identification of congenital hearing loss. However, some families experience difficulties accessing diagnostic audiology services following a refer screen result. Methods: This study aimed to assess the opinions of families who had experienced infant diagnostic audiology assessments regarding a telehealth option for these appointments within Victoria, Australia. Families who attended in-person infant diagnostic audiology appointments were sent a questionnaire exploring their experiences of the service and their opinion regarding a proposed telehealth option for infant diagnostic audiology (50 responses received). These results were also compared to those of families who were surveyed following testing in 2020, where the audiologist conducted the appointment remotely to comply with COVID-19-related social distancing recommendations at the time (10 responses received). Results: There were not significant differences between the duration or number of appointments, perceived understanding of results, or concerns regarding a tele-audiology model between families who experienced face-to-face and tele-audiology infant diagnostic audiology appointments. Opinions of infant diagnostic audiology appointments utilizing telehealth technology were largely positive, and minimal technological difficulties were identified. Conclusion: Overall positive attitudes of many families with infant diagnostic appointment experiences toward a tele-audiology option of this service suggest that offering a telehealth model of appointments may be an appropriate model to improve service access for families requiring infant diagnostic audiology in Victoria.

Monitoring Crime Victims’ Barriers to Legal Needs during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Examining the Utility of Interrupted Time Series for Surveilling Community Data

ABSTRACT Monitoring barriers to accessing legal needs for crime victims is crucial in reducing harm and improving service access. However, variability in data tracking and resource limitations hinder such monitoring. This study evaluated the utility of interrupted time series regression for monitoring community-level changes. The current study employed qualitative coding analyses as well as interrupted time series regressions on monthly survey data completed by 195 victim service providers across 9 different victim services agencies to examine changes in barriers to victim services during COVID-19 and the utility of interrupted time series for monitoring change. Content analysis of provider reports of changes to service barriers for their clients informed the selection of six survey items with which to apply interrupted time series analyses: technology-related barriers, court system changes, basic needs of clients, awareness of services, accessibility of legal services, and mistrust of system personnel. Interrupted time series analyses identified initial increase in barriers related to lengthy court processes, technology access, and basic needs in the first phases of the COVID-19 pandemic, with changes sustained in the later phase of the pandemic. The study provides support for the use of interrupted time series for meaningfully surveilling community-level trends despite month-to-month staffing changes.

A hub and spoke model to supply the Sicilian neurorehabilitation demand: effects on hospitalization rates and patient mobility.

Cerebrovascular diseases in Sicily have led to high mortality and healthcare challenges, with a notable gap between healthcare demand and supply. The mobility of patients seeking care, both within and outside Sicily, has economic and organizational impacts on the healthcare system. The Hub and Spoke model implemented by the IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo" of Messina aims to distribute advanced neurorehabilitation services throughout Sicily, potentially reducing health mobility and improving service accessibility. The evaluation was based on calculating hospitalization rates, examining patient mobility across Sicilian provinces, and assessing the financial implications of neurorehabilitation admissions. Data from 2016 to 2018, covering the period before and after the implementation of the Hub and Spoke network, were analyzed to understand the changes brought about by this model. The analysis revealed a significant increase in hospitalization rates for neurorehabilitation in the Sicilian provinces where spokes were established. This increase coincided with a marked decrease in interregional health mobility, indicating that patients were able to receive high-quality care closer to their residences. Furthermore, there was a decrease in both intra-regional and inter-regional escape rates in provinces within the Hub and Spoke network, demonstrating the network's efficacy in improving accessibility and quality of healthcare services. The implementation of the Hub and Spoke network substantially improved neurorehabilitation healthcare in Sicily, enhancing both accessibility and quality of care for patients. The network's establishment led to a more efficient utilization of healthcare resources and balanced distribution of services. These advancements are vital steps toward equitable and effective healthcare delivery in Sicily.

Factors Related to Tuberculosis Treatment Compliance: A Cross-Sectional Study on Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients

Introduction: The success of pulmonary TB treatment remains low due to patients' lack of compliance with the treatment regimen. This study aims to determine factors related to treatment compliance among TB patients at the Internal Medicine Outpatient Clinic of the Raja Ampat Regional General Hospital.&#x0D; Methods: An observational research design with a cross-sectional study approach was employed, involving 125 tuberculosis patients receiving treatment at the Internal Medicine Outpatient Clinic of the Raja Ampat Regional General Hospital, selected through total sampling technique. Data collection utilized a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using univariate, bivariate (Chi-Square test), and multivariate (Binary Logistic Regression) analyses.&#x0D; Results: The majority of treatment-compliant TB patients among the 125 respondents were 74 (59.2%) in the compliant category. There was a significant relationship between age, education, knowledge, attitude, perception, motivation, and staff support with the level of treatment compliance. Good knowledge (AOR: 2.18; CI: 1.05-1.56; p 0.003) and high staff support (AOR: 1.27; CI: 1.11-1.68; p 0.006) increased TB patient treatment compliance.&#x0D; Conclusion: TB patient treatment compliance is still below the established standards. Knowledge and staff support enhance better treatment compliance, emphasizing the importance of education and improving service access, such as health worker visits to TB patients' homes.