Improve Flight Safety Research Articles

Web Based Dashboard of Airplane Turbulence Mitigation

Airplane accidents still occur frequently, one of which is caused by turbulence. To minimize the risk, an effective forecasting system is needed. This research focuses on developing a web-based dashboard for aircraft turbulence mitigation by considering factors such as convective cloud growth, Richardson number index, and wind shear. The dashboard was developed through four steps: requirement analysis, design, implementation, and verification. The Richardson number index (Ri) is calculated using a formula involving temperature and wind speed at different geopotential heights. Alert status is determined based on Ri values and other parameters, with three alert levels: 'Alert 1', 'Alert 2' and 'Alert 3'. The system provides alerts based on user input. If the cloud cover is less than 50%, the “Alert 1” status is displayed; if Ri < 0.25, the “Alert 2” status appears; and if the wind shear exceeds the threshold, the “Alert 3” status indicates that flights are prohibited. Pilot tests show that the system works well and the Ri calculation results are comparable to existing Richardson calculators. The dashboard allows users to access critical information related to turbulence and flight status in real-time, thereby improving flight safety. Timely alerts help in flight-related decision making. This research successfully developed a web-based dashboard for aircraft turbulence mitigation that works well. By monitoring convective cloud growth, Richardson number index, and wind shear, the system is able to provide relevant alerts to improve flight safety.

Machine learning-based synthesis of diagnostic algorithms for electromechanical actuators to improve the aerospace flight safety

The relevance of research aimed at developing diagnostic technologies for electromechanical actuators is due to the need to improve flight safety in conditions of increasing intensity of highly electrified aircraft and spacecraft operations. The paper discusses one of the promising approaches to electromechanical actuator health management, which involves the use of machine learning methods to synthesize health monitoring algorithms. Machine learning methods make it possible to build classification models based on empirical data, which are used to generate recommendations for making operational decisions. Empirical data, which is a source of valuable experience and the basis of a training sample necessary for formalizing patterns in classification models, can be formed as a result of life tests, mathematical modeling, and actuator operation. In order to improve the safety of space flights, the article focuses on the integration of electromechanical actuator mathematical model methods, optimal space filling, and machine learning. Optimal space filling methods are used to reduce the computational costs associated with representative training sampling. Examples of developing classification models are given to determine failures associated with changes in gear (backlash, Coulomb friction and viscous friction) which is the most critical actuator link. As a result of computational studies, the main advantages of the proposed approach to the synthesis of electromechanical actuator health assessment algorithms are shown.

Optimalisasi Parimeter Di Wilayah Airside Di Bandar Udara Oesman Sadik Labuha Terhadap Keamanan Penerbangan

Airports play a crucial role in the transportation system, linking flights with ground transportation and supporting the global economy. Flight safety is a top priority, and one important aspect of ensuring it is the optimization of the perimeter in the airport's airside area. At Oesman Sadik Airport, there is an issue with inadequate runway fencing, which causes the public to frequently approach the runway and threaten flight safety. This study aims to identify the constraints in optimizing the perimeter in the airside area of Oesman Sadik Airport and provide recommendations to enhance the security system for better flight safety.This study uses a descriptive qualitative method to evaluate perimeter optimization in the airside area of Oesman Sadik Airport in September 2023. The subjects are airport employees, and the object of the study is the perimeter system itself. Primary data is collected through interviews and observations, while secondary data includes documents such as SOPs and airport maps. Data analysis involves reduction, presentation, and verification. Data validity is tested using source and method triangulation. The research steps include observation, problem identification, planning, data collection, analysis, and conclusion.The results show that steps for optimizing the perimeter at Oesman Sadik Airport include utilizing advanced technology, enhancing security personnel, and physical improvements to significantly improve flight safety. Addressing the constraints in optimization requires a structured approach, including a thorough evaluation of security needs, efficient resource allocation, strong partnerships with relevant parties, and the implementation of innovative and adaptive solutions to face technical and environmental security challenges at the airport.

Optimization of flight conditions based on performance sensitivity analysis for jet transport aircraft

PurposeThis study aims to enhance the fuel efficiency of jet transport aircraft based on mathematical models and flight crew operating manual (FCOM) for the purpose to assist the civil aviation industry in improving flight safety and operational efficiency.Design/methodology/approachThe research applies flight data mining and fuzzy logic modeling technologies to set up lift-to-drag ratio (L/D) models and nine models of thrust, Mach number, engine pressure ratio and fuel flow rate to estimate the deviation of each flight parameter. All performance deviations are calculated based on the values of flight data recorded in the quick access recorder and FCOM at the observed flight conditions. The L/D model can obtain the influence of each flight parameter and estimate the insufficient amount of each parameter by averaging it with the least square method. In the estimation of optimal altitude, nine models are built based on data from FCOM to estimate the optimal altitude and complete comparative analysis of the airspeed, Mach number and fuel flow rate at the optimal altitude.FindingsAnalyze 11 relevant parameters from the sensitivity derivative of L/D model to obtain how each parameter affected fuel consumption and explore the causes of additional fuel consumption. Complete the estimation of the optimal cruise altitude of the aircraft, and calculate the comparative analysis of the altitude, speed, Mach number and other parameters with the sensitivity derivative of the L/D. The estimation of the optimal cruise altitude of the aircraft can meet the analysis of the sensitivity derivative.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is to enhance the fuel efficiency of jet commercial transport based on mathematical model and FCOM. FCOM is required to conduct this study. The estimation of the optimal cruise altitude through the nine models of the aircraft could meet the analysis of the sensitivity derivative.Practical implicationsThe object of present research is to demonstrate the effectiveness of optimization of flight conditions through model analysis to get knowledge of the effects of each influencing flight variable to L/D for future flight operations’ reference.Social implicationsThe model-based derivative analysis had the ability to perform derivative prediction analysis on any input parameters, more flight parameters could be optimized in future research to help airlines improve flight safety and operational efficiency.Originality/valueThe present enhancement method of fuel efficiency is an innovation to examine the abnormal aircraft performance and its flight operations, thereby to explore the causes of additional fuel consumption. The present method can become an auxiliary tool for flight operations quality assurance to improve fuel efficiency for the airlines.

Energy Safety Management: A Training Model to Improve Flight Safety

Energy Safety Management: A Training Model to Improve Flight Safety

Horizontal Tail Flight Load Prediction Method for Large UAVs based on Machine Learning

In today’s rapidly developing large UAVs field, flight safety and reliability are essential considerations. Flight load is one of the important factors affecting the load capacity of large UAVs, so the research on load prediction technology can improve flight safety and the reliability of air transportation. This paper first introduces the collection and processing method of flight load data, then uses the machine learning method-BP neural network to predict flight load, establishes the BP neural network model to predict flight load with flight parameters, and optimizes the model according to error analysis. Finally, the accuracy and practicability of the model are verified by analysing the fitting of the training set and the test set, and the error distribution of the true value of shear, bending moment, torque and the absolute percentage of the predicted value, and the model is evaluated.

Analysis of trends in the functioning of water and air transport in the regions of the Russian Federation against the backdrop of emerging crises

The article discusses current trends in the aviation industry, growth factors in passenger and cargo traffic, key players in various regions of the world, regulatory requirements and market challenges in comparison with one of the most important industries in Russia and the world - water transport. A review of new aircraft concepts has been completed. The authors note the resumption of production of domestic aircraft in the context of the implementation of a policy of active import substitution. The work identifies the advantages of using medium-haul and long-haul aircraft by Russian carriers, and presents the structure of the market positions of the largest airlines in Russia in recent years. The study also assesses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the situation in this area and examines alternative strategies for its recovery. In order to improve flight safety and ensure the sustainability of environmental practices, the need for the development of the domestic aviation industry and its adaptation to the ongoing international transformations is substantiated, which implies the unconditional use of new technologies. The article draws a parallel between air and water transport and compares Russian and foreign indicators of these industries. Thus, a comparison of the dynamics of development of the aviation industry and water transport will reveal their similarities and differences, various advantages and disadvantages, as well as their impact on the global economy.

The Role of ATC’s Situational Awareness in Wildlife Hazard Handling at the Aerodrome Control Unit Tower

The handling of wildlife hazard is an important aspect in ensuring flight safety at the Aerodrome Control Tower Unit of AirNav Indonesia, Denpasar’s Branch. In this context, situational awareness becomes a key factor that influences decision-making and actions of ATCs regarding wildlife hazard. This research aims to analyze the role of ATC's situational awareness in handling wildlife hazard at the mentioned unit. Data collection methods include field observations, interviews, and document analysis. The research findings indicate that wildlife hazard incidents at the I Gusti Ngurah Rai International Airport are quite high, but the lack of detection by ATCs poses a problem that can disrupt the smooth flow of air traffic services. This is primarily due to high workload and insufficient situational awareness of the dangers posed by wildlife hazard. Recommended solutions include conducting regular briefings, launching campaigns on wildlife hazard awareness, and enhancing situational awareness among ATCs. The research results are expected to provide insights and recommendations for improving flight safety concerning wildlife hazard at the Aerodrome Control Tower Unit of AirNav Indonesia, Denpasar’s Branch.

The role of visual conditions and aircraft type on different aspects of pilot workload

ObjectiveThe objective of our work was to assess the impact of flight conditions by aircraft type on the workload estimated using NASA-Task Load Index (NASA-TLX). BackgroundLearning about subjective workload is important for assessing the impact of a pilot's work environment on their performance in the cockpit. This is an important element of flight safety and includes the prevention of aviation accidents. MethodsThe study included 146 military pilots that fly the following aircrafts: flying fast-jet (21), fixed-wing (24), and rotary-wing (101). The NASA-TLX questionnaire was used to assess workload and pilots were asked to determine the level of workload resulting from flying under the following conditions: daytime flight (VFR), night-vision flight performed under Night Visual Flight Rules (NVFR), and night-vision flight using night-vision goggles (NVGs). ResultsThe highest level of workload was consistently attributed to flights performed under NVG conditions. NVFR conditions were rated as the most burdensome, while VFR conditions were rated as the least burdensome. Fast-jet pilots rated their mental performance and effort workload as significantly higher than pilots of other aircrafts. ConclusionPilots’ perceived workload is influenced by both flight conditions and the type of aircraft they fly. Workload knowledge is important for flight safety and should be taken into account during training and flight-task planning. ApplicationThe results of our study can be useful both in flight training and in work on the effectiveness of the human-machine interface. Awareness of one's own limitations due to the work environment can help improve flight safety.

Construction Layout Of Parallel Taxiway At Approach Control Procedure International Airport

In air traffic control, aircraft need runways for landing and take-off and taxiways to connect airport terminals and runways. Taxiways are designated lanes at land airports created for landing aircraft and are intended to provide a link between one part of the airport and another. This research aims to provide additional parallel taxiways because parallel taxiways are only available on one side of the runway, not on both sides. Meanwhile, Zainuddin Abdul Madjid International Airport is also quite busy considering that there are often international events, thus increasing the controller's workload because he has to set the separation for a fairly far approach. The research method used is qualitative. The result of the research is that it is concluded that parallel taxiways are needed and the author suggests that the Lombok branch of Perum LPPNPI forward to Zainuddin Abdul Madjid International Airport to add them to improve flight safety, security and efficiency.

ШУМ КАК УСЛОВИЕ, СПОСОБСТВУЮЩЕЕ АВИАЦИОННЫМ СОБЫТИЯМ

The article provides statistical data on passenger turnover of air transport in comparison with other types of transport in Russia, as well as flight safety indicators over the last decade. The leading types of events leading to aviation accidents have been identified. It has been revealed that the cause of many of the negative aviation events that have occurred are violations of the functional state, loss of performance and errors of crew members, which are facilitated by the conditions of the person’s environment. The authors study the variability of heart rhythms, reflecting changes in the psycho-emotional state of a person during noise. The results of the study confirm that a change in the activity of the sympathetic and parasympathetic parts of the autonomic nervous system of the human operator. This indicates the development of stress under the influence of noise. The authors demonstrate the importance of counteracting the negative effects of noise on aviation personnel to improve flight safety and reduce injuries and propose to use otoprotection with an oxygen-argon gas mixture to concentrate the attention of the crew in extreme situations. Key words: air transport, aviation accidents, human factor, noise, otoprotection, argon.

АНАЛИЗ ПРИНЦИПОВ ОБРАБОТКИ НАВИГАЦИОННОЙ ИНФОРМАЦИИ И ПОСТРОЕНИЯ РАБОЧЕЙ ЗОНЫ МНОГОПОЗИЦИОННОЙ СИСТЕМЫ НАБЛЮДЕНИЯ

The use of modern surveillance equipment in accordance with ICAO recommendations is aimed at improving the efficiency of air transportation, increasing the capacity of airspace and airfields, and improving the safety of flights and ground operations. The introduction in the Russian Federation of a multi-position surveillance system (MPSS) based on automatic dependent surveillance of the broadcast type (ADS-B) is intended to facilitate the implementation of state and regional aviation development programs in terms of creating conditions for improving flight safety, availability and quality of air navigation services for airspace users. Therefore, the analysis of the principles of constructing a working area and processing navigation information in a multi-position surveillance system for improving the accuracy of aircraft position-fixing is an urgent research task. An approach to improving the efficiency of the MPSS operation when processing information in conditions of noise and interference has been considered. Analysis of the results of modeling the proposed algorithm based on the discrete Kalman filter shows high accuracy of estimating the planned coordinates of an aircraft. Specialized software has been developed to automate the process of calculating and constructing working areas of a multi-position surveillance system.

PENGEMBANGAN FLIGHT MONITORING SYSTEM MODE-S BERBASIS OFFLINE MEWUJUDKAN KEMANDIRIAN TEKNOLOGI PENERBANGAN

Technological independence is important for every country in global competition. One of the technological advancements developed by the Indonesian government through BPPT is Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B) type in, which functions as a flight monitoring system. The Indonesian Air Force (TNI AU) through Depohar 50 (Depot Maintenance 50) has also developed ADS-B type in, which is currently deployed in six radar units known as the Flight Monitoring System (FMS) Mode-S. Accordance with government regulations (Minister of Transportation Regulation No. 81 of 2017), the government has mandated the use of ADS-B for flight safety. ADS-B has two types, in and out. In the TNI AU, ADS-B out is installed on aircraft such as Grob, KT-1, and Cessna, while ADS-B in is installed on Weibel radar. However, since ADS-B is not yet installed on TNI AU aircraft, flight data from the Air Traffic Control (ATC) was communicated to the pilots, hence, they can be aware of the air traffic situation. Furthermore, due to the increasing air traffic, communication with ATC has become limited. A qualitative method was used in the development of the ADS-B type in TNI AU aircraft, and the previous ADS-B type in development could only be installed on the ground station. The information received from ADS-B on the aircraft was real-time air traffic, which helps pilots make decisions to enhance flight safety, such as reducing the risk of aircraft collisions. The use of this technology on TNI AU aircraft is important for improving flight safety and technological independence.

Urgensi Penetapan Air Defense Identification Zone Pada Kawasan Regional

Introduction: Air Defense Identification Zone (ADIZ) is a zone for identification purposes in the air defense system for a country, which according to international custom generally extends from the territorial area of a country to reach the air space above the free sea bordering the country.Purposes of the Research: to find out the setting of the Air Defense Identification Zone and what is the urgency of establishing the Air Defense Identification Zone in the regional area. The method used in writing this thesis is a normative research method. The legal materials used are primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials.Methods of the Research: This legal research, the author uses normative research. That is, a study that primarily examines positive legal provisions, legal principles, and legal doctrines to answer legal questions faced. Results of the Research: The results obtained are that the regulation of the Air Defense Identification Zone (ADIZ) according to international law is, based on the provisions of the 1944 Chicago Convention, customary international law and also Article 51 of the United Nations Charter, furthermore with the stipulation of ADIZ in a regional area can be considered a defensive step. to provide advance notice of potential threats and efforts to improve flight safety in the region and provide benefits to national and international aviation safety.

Development of UTM Monitoring System Based on Network Remote ID with Inverted Teardrop Detection Algorithm

The new regulation of Remote Identification (Remote ID) established by the FAA is predicted which will stimulate the application of Remote ID in UAS traffic management (UTM). Our research is aimed at the development of a UTM monitoring system based on the network Remote ID and the implementation of a new collision detection algorithm based on an inverted teardrop shape area and dynamic detection size. The newly introduced detection shape area in the UTM system could improve flight safety, increase airspace traffic, and provide a clear depiction of UAVs’ movement direction. The monitoring system consists of Remote ID hardware, a cloud database, and a web-based UTM application that runs on a personal laptop computer. A flight test was conducted involving a human pilot flying a quadcopter UAV to analyze the performance of the system and algorithm. The result found that the developed UTM monitoring system produces a reasonable average delay of around 0.94[Formula: see text]s with a standard deviation of 0.2[Formula: see text]s. The new detection algorithm shows a promising result that produces a larger buffer distance between UAVs compared to the circle shape algorithms.

SDTAN: Scalable Deep Time-Aware Attention Network for Interpretable Hard Landing Prediction

Hard landing, as one of the most frequent flight safety incidents during the landing stage, is highly concerned by the aviation industry. Recently, the popularization of Quick Access Recorder (QAR), a modern flight data recording system, has made it possible to collect large volume of flight parameters and incorporate state-of-the-art AI technologies to improve flight safety. However, due to the complex, multivariate, and highly specialized nature of QAR data, most existing studies either suffer from information loss caused by rough feature extraction methods, or rely solely on black-box models with no interpretations, making themselves difficult to achieve satisfactory performance in terms of prediction and explainability. To address this issue, we propose a novel attention-driven model named SDTAN (Scalable Deep Time-Aware Attention Network), which can accurately predict hard landing events and provide interpretable insights to help reveal the possible reasons leading to the events. Specifically, SDTAN fully captures information to learn the local representations of parameters, and leverages the time-interval attention mechanism to focus on the entire temporal pattern of flight over the relevant time intervals. It further re-encodes the representations of parameters in a global view and learns the global effect of parameters on the predicted output to uncover the ones which strongly indicate the flight safety status, enabling both high prediction accuracy and qualitative interpretability. We conduct experiments on real-world QAR datasets of 37,920 Airbus A320 flight samples. Experimental results demonstrate that SDTAN outperforms other state-of-the-art baselines and provides effective interpretability by visualizing the importance of parameters.

Communication Efficiency Of Flight Traffic Guide With Pertamina Units And Rescue and Fire Fighting Services After Implementation Access Road At Aji Pangeran Tumenggung Pranoto Samarinda Airport

This research was conducted at Aji Pangeran Tumenggung Pranoto International Airport in Samarinda to determine the efficiency of communication after road access which affects flight safety. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The data collection technique used was a documentation study and direct observation in the field from December 2020 to February 2021. The results showed that the movement of Pertamina and Rescue and Fire Fighting Services unit vehicles in the manouevering area and movement area of Aji Pangeran Tumenggung Pranoto Samarinda International Airport often impeded movement aircraft. There is a need for access road to improve flight safety and reduce the load of communication between air traffic controllers and the Pertamina and Rescue and Fire Fighting Services units at Aji Pangeran Tumenggung Pranoto International Airport, Samarinda.

The angle of attack and side-slip angle estimation for civil aircraft

The angle of attack and side-slip angle are two important flight parameters that directly affect the flight safety of civil aircraft. This paper studies the estimation method for the angle of attack and side-slip angle according to air-data system, inertial navigation system, and aircraft aerodynamic data to improve flight safety under the condition of icing, failures, and improper maintenance. Flight tests show that the proposed estimation method is feasible, reliable, and has better accuracy. Furthermore, flight test data analysis shows that the angle of attack estimation error is within 1 degree, and the side-slip angle estimation error is within 1.5 degrees which can meet the requirements of engineering application.

Subjective measures of communication errors between pilots and air traffic controllers

Communication errors between aircraft pilots and air traffic controllers are one of the most critical issues for aviation safety. Air traffic controller and pilot interaction may involve communication errors, becoming the most common factor combination that leads to a number of high-severity aviation incidents. This study explored the factors and aviation occurrences of pilot-controller communication errors and offered several recommendations to improve flight safety. The perspectives of pilots and air traffic controllers were separately analyzed via two differently designed survey questionnaires. Then, t-tests, analysis of variance, factor analysis, and linear regression analysis were performed to analyze the survey results, and concluded five factors, two communication errors, and two main aviation occurrences. Based on the results, this study suggested improving controllers' professional abilities, such as using the correct phraseology, listening comprehension, concentration, and giving accurate, clear and concise instructions. Strengthening pilots' training on situational awareness, standard operating processes, and urgent problem-solving is also critical. Crew resource management should be highlighted to improve communication between pilots and controllers. The findings of this study serve as reference to reduce communication errors and improve aviation safety.

Analysis of the Role of Apron Movement Control (AMC) Officers in Handling Foreign Object Debris (FOD) to Improve Aviation Safety at Komodo Labuan Bajo Airport

Foreign Object Debris (FOD) are foreign objects that are animate and inanimate around the airside area which can cause damage to aircraft during landing and take off. The role of Apron Movement Control (AMC) in handling Foreign Object Debris (FOD) at Komodo Labuan Bajo Airport in order to avoid the risk of accidents for air transportation. This research uses qualitative. The data collected using observation (direct observation), interviews and documentation. After obtaining the required data, the researcher processed the data through several stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Based on the research results obtained by researchers, the role of Apron Movement Control (AMC) officers in handling Foreign Object Debris (FOD) to improve flight safety at Komodo Labuan Bajo Airport has been carried out in accordance with the SOP (Standard Operating Procedure) that applies at the airport. Obstacles that are often faced by Apron Movement Control (AMC) officers when handling Foreign Object Debris (FOD) to ensure flight safety at Komodo Labuan Bajo Airport, the most common of which is gravel or asphalt scraping, then nails, metal, luggage tags are found. , fruit peel, there are also animals such as dogs that get into the apron. This is Foreign Object Debris (FOD) found at Komodo Labuan Bajo Airport. Apron Movement Control (AMC) officers handle Foreign Object Debris (FOD), namely they check and clean around the apron area.