Improper Food Research Articles

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards poultry handling and Salmonella risk among households in Beirut, Lebanon

Food-Borne Disease (FBD) is defined as an illness resulting from consuming foods contaminated with bacteria, their toxins, viruses, or parasites. Food poisoning due to improper food handling is a major global public health problem. In Lebanon, numerous challenges affect safe food consumption, with poultry being a common vehicle for many pathogens, such as Salmonella spp. This bacterium can cause serious illnesses, including gastroenteritis, characterized by abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, and fever. This study aimed to examine the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAPs) towards poultry handling among households in Beirut, Lebanon, and identify factors influencing KAP levels. A cross-sectional study was conducted through face-to-face interviews with 125 households in different areas of Beirut. The interview was divided into four main parts: sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, and practices. The results showed that consumers’ knowledge and practices were inadequate, though their attitude was positive. Participants aged 43-55 had higher odds of having a good knowledge level than those aged 18-29 (OR = 3.889, p = 0.02). Additionally, those with a college education were 7.442 times more likely to have a positive attitude towards food safety compared to those with no formal education (p = 0.005). Most participants (91.2%) do not regularly check their refrigerator and freezer temperatures. Furthermore, significant associations (p < 0.001) existed between the different KAP levels. This study aimed to raise public awareness regarding the handling of chicken to minimize food-borne illnesses by evaluating food handlers’ knowledge and behaviors. Insights from this study can used in campaigns to raise awareness about Salmonella and transmission risks among households. Moreover, findings may guide policymakers to create regulations for safe handling of poultry.

Bacillus cereus in rice: A review on food poisoning, antimicrobial resistance, and control measures.

Rice is often associated with Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) food poisoning. This review aims to explore the food poisoning activity, antimicrobial resistance, and control measures of B. cereus in rice from 1974 to October 2023. We searched for eligible studies from the PubMed database based on explicit criteria following the PRISMA checklist. A total of 117 articles were collected, and the final analysis included 29 studies. Quality appraisal was performed using AMSTAR 2, SANRA 2, and Critical Appraisal Tool standards. B. cereus can grow and multiply in food to cause emetic vomiting or diarrheal syndrome. The primary etiology of B. cereus contamination is improper food handling and storage temperature during the cooking, cooling, and reheating stages of rice. The alarming rise of antimicrobial resistance in B. cereus to beta-lactam antibiotics necessitates alternatives from natural antimicrobial preservatives such as carvacrol, chitosan, or trans-cinnamaldehyde to prevent microbial infestation and toxin production. Implementing food safety strategies tailored to specific food settings, such as restaurants and factorymanufactured ready-to-eat rice, is critical for preventing food contamination by B. cereus. Given the heat-resistant spores and intoxication properties of B. cereus, it is important to develop effective interventions and hygienic protocols from farm to fork.

HUBUNGAN PENGGUNAAN ELECTRONIC COMMERCE (E – COMMERCE) DENGAN PEMILIHAN MAKANAN DAN STATUS GIZI PADA MAHASISWA FAKULTAS KESEHATAN UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH GRESIK

The use of electronic commerce (e-commerce) has penetrated various fields, one of which is the culinary industry. Improper food selection through e-commerce can impact a person's nutritional status. This study aims to analyze the relationship between e-commerce use, food choices, and nutritional status. Simple random sampling with proportional random sampling was chosen as the method for this research, with a subject size of 88 students from the Faculty of Health at Muhammadiyah University of Gresik. Data collection was carried out using e-commerce usage questionnaires, FFQ questionnaires, and anthropometric measurements. The Spearman correlation test was chosen to analyze the collected data. The results show no significant relationship between the use of e-commerce and food choices, with a p-value of 0.865 for the main food category, 0.700 for the snack category, and 0.305 for the beverage category. There is no significant relationship between the use of e-commerce and nutritional status, with a p-value of 0.709. The conclusion of this research is that there is no significant relationship between the use of e-commerce, food selection, and nutritional status. Suggestions for future research include conducting a recall to determine the intake consumed by students and conducting similar research on various community characteristics.

Isolation and characterization of pathogenic Klebsiella pneumoniae strains from lettuce: a potential source of antibiotic resistance and development of a mathematical model for ANOVA results.

This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of Klebsiella pneumoniae contamination in raw lettuce from Risalpur, Pakistan, and to analyze the antibiotic susceptibility profiles of the isolated strains. The presence of foodborne pathogens such as K. pneumoniae poses significant public health risks, particularly in regions with suboptimal hygiene practices and improper food handling. Lettuce samples were collected from various sources in Risalpur and screened for K. pneumoniae. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of various antibiotics against the isolated strains. Statistical analyses, including ANOVA and linear regression, were conducted to assess differences in inhibition zones and to predict antibiotic effectiveness based on concentration. The results revealed a significant prevalence of K. pneumoniae in the lettuce samples, highlighting the risks associated with poor hygiene, transportation, storage, and contaminated irrigation water. The isolated strains exhibited high susceptibility to gentamicin but demonstrated notable resistance to doxycycline, vancomycin, and ticarcillin. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains were identified. ANOVA showed significant differences in inhibition zones, and the linear regression model predicted a Zone of Inhibition based on antibiotic concentration (β0 = 10.6667, β1 = 0.4556). The identification of MDR strains of K. pneumoniae underscores the urgent need for enhanced antibiotic stewardship and food safety protocols to manage foodborne pathogens. Improved hygiene practices throughout the food production and supply chain are critical to mitigate health risks and address the challenge of growing antibiotic resistance.

Rural Households’ Perception on Protein Food Consumption Pattern of School-Aged Children (6-11 Years) in Katsina State

In Nigeria, most rural households tend to adhere to the old and improper food eating patterns. This seemed more evident in the protein food consumption pattern (PFCP) which could be attributed to unverified wrong PFCP ideologies and cultures among distinctive ethnic groups. Consequently, the study investigated PFCP of school-aged children from rural households in Katsina State. A sample of 288 rural households was selected through the multistage sampling procedure from all Katsina rural households. Descriptive survey design and structured questionnaire were adopted in collecting data on households’ socioeconomic characteristics, protein food awareness, PFCP, perception and constraint. Frequency counts, percentages, means, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and multiple regression analysis were employed in data analysis. The result revealed that most respondents were young, married, low income earners, Muslims, and farmers with Quaranic educational qualification. Levels of awareness and information were high and low respectively. While the pattern of consumption was inadequate, perception and constraint levels were unfavourable and high respectively. The ANOVA result showed that Katsina Central (KC) has significantly higher protein consumption than Katsina North (KN) and Katsina South (KS) just as KN had the highest awareness compared to KC and KS. Significant differences existed in PFCP KC, KN and KS. Age, marital status, income, awareness, perception, information and constraint were determinants of PFCP. The PFCP was inadequate with an unfavourable level of perception. While government and non-governmental agencies should explore the scaling up option of information sources other than radio, health workers and friends, households’ income diversification is germane for better PFCP.

MANAGEMENT OF KITIBHA KUSTHA WITH SHODHAN SHAMAN – A CASE STUDY

All the skin diseases in Ayurveda have been discussed under the broad heading of “Kustha” and are mainly affected by altered lifestyles and improper food habits. Kitibh Kustha’s prevalence in society is increasing daily due to sedentary and stressed work. The signs &amp; symptoms of the Kitibh Kustha are like psoriasis, and there is no definite curative treatment for psoriasis according to modern science. But following the classical reference of Kustha Chikitsa, which is ‘Tridoshaj Vyadhi’ from Charak Samhita was with ‘Shodhan chikitsa’ (body purification treatment) followed by ‘Shaman Chikitsa’ (alleviating treatment), this disease could be managed [1,2] . This paper highlights a case study of Kitibh Kustha where, a 31-year-old male with a chief complaint of Kandu (itching) and dry silvery white patches all over his body, taking steroids for four years. Vaman and Virechan were conducted after proper Poorva Karma, and afterwards, Sansarjan Karma was given to the patient according to Suddhi as mentioned in Charak Samhita. This was followed by three settings of Raktmoskhan and Shaman Chikitsa.

Combating foodborne disease through household food handling behavior improvement: A comparison between education and price interventions.

Foodborne disease cases are increasingly occurring in home kitchens because of improper food handling behavior. Human factors are considered major determinants of such behavior, although economic factors, which have attracted little attention, may also be important influencers. Taking the service time of kitchen towels as an example, we construct a theoretical model to analyze food handling behavior under an economic framework and empirically explore its economic determinants. Empirically, we use a randomized controlled trial (RCT) coupled with pre- and postsurveys in rural China. The RCT intervention includes information with tips for proper kitchen towel use and in-kind subsidies of one, two, or three packs of kitchen towels, which is regarded as a price intervention. We find that information alone and information plus one pack of towels are not enough to stimulate behavior improvement, whereas information plus two or three packs is sufficient. This implies that the quantity of kitchen towels used increases only as the towel price drops below a certain threshold. As an early attempt, we indicate that food handling behavior is economically driven, suggesting that a well-designed policy should combine educational campaigns and appropriate economic incentives to improve such behavior to reduce the risk of foodborne disease.

Review: Impact of food safety on global trade.

Food safety encompasses the supply and assurance of safe, high-quality food for consumers. It is a crucial aspect of food security, gaining greater global attention due to the increasing number of widespread foodborne incidents. International trade is expanding as countries increasingly rely on each other to secure a sufficient and diverse food supply. Beyond this, concerns about food safety have become more prevalent due to various factors. Therefore, this review aims to investigate the effects of food safety-associated risks on the international trade of food and related products. A total of 37 published studies retrieved using different search engines were included in this review. This review revealed that because of rapid population growth and rising food demand in developing nations, agricultural intensification is growing. It has been found that foodborne illnesses and associated discrepancies can impede the international trade of food commodities. Trade bans due to the fear of foodborne illnesses are growing. The consequences of foodborne diseases are multifaceted and include financial losses from trade restrictions, medical costs for prevention or control, resource depletion and a decline in food production. The overall effects are increased international trade tensions and livelihood vulnerability to poverty, notably for small-scale livestock producers. Potential food contaminants include microbes, pesticides, pharmaceutical residues, heavy metals and fraudulent such as improper food processing, mislabelling, poor packaging, adulteration and substitution. Hence, countries are encouraged to harmonize the rights and duties set by the World Trade Organization under sanitary and phytosanitarys to maximize their advantages in global markets. Based on this evidence, we recommend that each country develop and integrate regulations that would ensure the safety of both domestic and international food production systems. Furthermore, the global community should either revise the current functioning food regulatory and monitoring body or establish a more genuine collaborative network.

Mix-match synthesis of nanosynbiotics from probiotics and prebiotics to counter gut dysbiosis via AI integrated formulation profiling

Antibiotics, improper food, and stress have created a dysbiotic state in the gut and almost 81% of the world’s population has been affected due to the pandemic of COVID-19 and the prevalence of dengue virus in the past few years. The main intent of this study is to synthesize nanosynbiotics as nu traceuticals by combining probiotics, and prebiotics with nanoformulation. The effectiveness of the nanosynbiotics was evaluated using a variety of Nutra-pharmacogenetic assays leading to an AI-integrated formulation profiling was assessed by using machine learning methods. Consequently, Acetobacter oryzoeni as a probiotic and inulin as a prebiotic has been chosen and iron-mediated nanoformulation of symbiotic is achieved. Nanosynbiotics possessed 89.4, 96.7, 93.57, 83.53, 88.53% potential powers of Nutra-pharmacogenetic assays. Artificial intelligent solid dispersion formulation of nanosynbiotics has high dissolution, absorption, distribution, and synergism, in addition, they are non-tox, non-allergen and have a docking score of − 10.83 kcal/mol, implying the best interaction with Pregnane X receptor involved in dysbiosis. The potential of nanosynbiotics to revolutionize treatment strategies through precise targeting and modulation of the gut microbiome for improved health outcomes and disease management is promising. Their transformational influence is projected to be powered by integration with modern technology and customized formulas. Further in-vivo studies are required for the validation of nanosynbiotics as nutraceuticals.

Food Safety Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Restaurant Food Handlers in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia.

Improper food handler (FH) practices in food service areas, such as restaurants, can result in foodborne diseases (FBD). To reduce FBD cases, the food safety knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of FHs working in restaurants in Jeddah City and the correlation between their sociodemographic information and KAP scores were investigated in this study. A self-administered questionnaire comprising four parts (socioeconomic information and food safety KAP) was distributed among 389 FHs. Out of the FHs surveyed, 94.1% were male and 68% were certified. The average scores were 9.3 ± 1.8, 9.3 ± 1.3, and 8.9 ± 1.1 for KAP, respectively. Most FHs (82.2%) belonged to the good KAP group, and the rest (17.7%) were in the poor KAP group. FHs aged 50 years and above (9.6 ± 0.6), those with over 10 years of working experience (9.2 ± 0.9), and are married (9.1 ± 1.1) had the highest scores for practice compared with other FHs (p = 0.01 for all). Salary is directly correlated with food safety attitudes (p = 0.04). The findings confirmed a high score for KAP among FHs working in Jeddah. Nevertheless, more focus must be given to training younger, single, and less-experienced FHs, necessitating education courses with practical and theoretical aspects. Further studies from all regions of Saudi Arabia are necessary to generalize the study findings.

Emerging Applications of Plant Antimicrobials in the Food Industry.

Food safety is a global concern with significant public health implications. Improper food handling can harbor a wide range of pathogenic organisms. Antimicrobial agents are crucial for controlling microbes and ensuring food safety and human health. The growing demand for natural, safe, and sustainable food preservation methods has driven research into using plant antimicrobials as alternatives to synthetic preservatives. The food industry is now exploring innovative approaches that combine various physical methods with multiple natural antimicrobials. This review aims to outline the evolving applications of plant antimicrobials in the food industry. It discusses strategies for managing bacteria and categorizes different plant antimicrobials, providing insights into their mechanisms of action and structures. This review offers a comprehensive overview of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), detailing their structural characteristics, mechanisms of action, various types, and applications in food packaging fabrication and explaining how they contribute to food preservation. It highlights the synergistic and additive benefits of plant antimicrobials and their successful integration with food technologies like nanotechnology, which enhances the hurdle effect, improving food safety and extending shelf life. The review also emphasizes the importance of antimicrobial peptides and the need for further research in this area. Safety assessment and regulatory considerations are discussed as well. By addressing these gaps, plant antimicrobials have the potential to pave the way for more effective, safe, and sustainable food preservation strategies in the future.

Bacterial foodborne illness and Escherichia coli O157:H7 strain infection among asymptomatic food handlers in Northeast Ethiopia: Implication for hygienic practices and mass-screening.

Food-borne illness is a public health concern in developing countries because of improper food handling and sanitation practices, irregular medical checkups, lack of clean water supplies, and inadequate education among food handlers. This study investigated the burden of bacterial food-borne illness, antibiotic resistance patterns, and associated factors among food handlers in prison and nonprison food establishment settings. A cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2022 to January 2023 among asymptomatic food handlers in Shewa Robit town. A total of 384 food handlers participated. Data were collected using structured questionnaires. Stool and hand swab samples were collected and cultivated onto MacConkey agar, xylose-lysine-deoxycholate, Mannitol salt agar, and blood agar, and incubated at 37°C. Bacterial species were identified using biochemical tests and gram staining. Mueller-Hinton agar was used in Kirby Bauer's disk diffusion method. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS. Descriptive and logistic regression analysis were performed. Fecal and hand carriage rate of bacterial isolates were 106 (27.6%), and 214 (55.7%), respectively. Out of the 102 bacterial isolates, the most common ones from stool samples were Escherichia coli 71 (18.5%), Klebsiella aerogenes 12 (3.1%), and Salmonella spp. 7 (1.8%). Among 214 bacterial isolates, coagulase-negative Staphylococci 115 (29.9%) and Staphylococci aureus 66 (17.3%) were identified from hand swab samples. Hand washing practice after restroom with water (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16-3.45), irregular medical checkups (AOR = 2.49; 95% CI: 1.35-4.59), and did not receive food safety and hygiene training (AOR = 2.33; 95% CI: 1.34-4.05) were statistically significant association with food-borne illness. Foodborne pathogens pose a serious health risk in the study areas. The level of antimicrobial resistance are also concerning. Food handlers should therefore get strict regular health education, medical checkups, and training programs to prevent the spread of infections to the customers.

Impact of Food Additives and Food Hybridization on Human Health W. R. T. Gara Visha

Food is an essential entity for all the living beings. Food habit is a key source of individual’s health. The quality of healthy life is dependent on the quality of food the person consumes. There are some protocols explained in Ayurveda for the processing and consumption of food through which one can achieve a healthy life and can increase the life expectancy. Since many years raw food is being processed with some or the other chemicals for its better Shelf-life, Taste, Appearance, Smell etc. for the purpose of mass distribution, attractiveness, large selling, Easy to cook, Easy to eat etc. And these all processing and generative methods fall under the term of Hybridization and Food additive criteria. In spite of being used with good purpose, a long term use of these products will give a bad impact on human health system. The health issues and deadly diseases which we are observing since last few decades could be probably due to these processing methods. The diseases like Cancer, Coronary diseases, Liver failure, Organ toxicity, all the metabolic and endocrinal disorders etc. are in a peak stage. And one among the reason could be the quality of food which is being used. These types of changes in life style will unknowingly lead to exposure of toxins in one or the other way. Which we can call it as a Gara visha (artificial/concealed poison). Gara visha is a type visha which is produced by combination of two or more non poisonous / poisonous substances. Through this poisoning symptoms/ disease may manifest in few weeks to months. Poisoning may generate through improper food habit, drugs , medications etc. Gara visha will produce symptoms such as Pandu(Anemia), Grahani(IBS), Hridrog(Heart diseases), Gulma(Tumors) etc.

The Interplay Between Household Risk Perception of Parasitic Infections and Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) Practices: Evidence From an Urban Poor Community in the Philippines.

Parasitic diseases pose challenges in impoverished urban settlements with limited access to clean water, proper hygiene, and sanitation (WASH). This study assesses WASH practices and risk perceptions of parasitic infections among households in the Bataan Shipyard and Engineering Corporation (BASECO) Compound in Manila, an urban poor community in the Philippines. A cross-sectional study design was employed to collect data through a self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed to assess the sociodemographic profile, household WASH practices, and respondents' risk perception of parasitic infections. Linear regression analysis was utilized to examine the relationship between these variables. A survey was conducted with 363 households, of which 237 (65.3%) used distilled and purified water from the water refilling stations in the community for drinking. Meanwhile, 120 households (33.10%) consumed tap water. Boiling water was a commonly used method (n=146; 56.60%) for treating drinking water. Most households had flush toilets with septic tanks (n=244; 67.20%), water sources for handwashing (n=307; 84.57%) and soap for handwashing (n=356; 98.10%). On average, they washed their hands 6-10 times daily (n=159; 43.80%). Most households were aware that drinking untreated water (n=318; 87.6%), improper food washing (n=309; 85.1%), using contaminated water sources (n=301; 82.9%), and consuming raw or undercooked meat (n=298; 82.1%) could lead to parasitic infections. 316 respondents (87.1%) identified diarrhea as the most common symptom of parasitic infection. Relationships were found between access to drinking water and the number of household members (B=0.191; p-value=0.001), personal hygiene and the respondents' knowledge of parasitic infections (B=0.112; p-value=0.047), and the overall WASH score with household income (B=0.105; p-value=0.045). The WASH conditions in BASECO, Manila need improvement. Factors associated with their WASH practices include risk perception of parasitic diseases, socioeconomic disparity, and household overcrowding. These factors play a crucial role in identifying areas for improvement and promoting health policies for urban poor communities in the Philippines.

Factors associated to mothers’ behaviors in dealing with diarrhea among toddlers in South Atambua

Diarrhea can be treated properly to reduce its severity. Behavioral elements within society are risk factors that can lead to diarrheal disease. Poor sanitation practices, inadequate access to clean water, improper food handling, and insufficient hygiene habits can increase the risk of transmission of diarrheal illness. Additionally, socio-economic disparities, cultural beliefs, and educational levels can influence individuals' behaviors related to hygiene and sanitation, further exacerbating the risk of diarrheal diseases. Compared to other Puskesmas, the one in South Atambua had a very high number of diarrhea cases in 2021—up to 88 incidents among toddlers, according to Belu District Health Office statistics. This study aimed to identify variables associated with mothers' conduct when treating their toddler's diarrhea. This kind of cross-sectional, quantitative study was carried out in Atambua Selatan, employing a sample size of 72 participants and a simple random sampling technique. The Chi-Square statistical test was utilized in both univariate and bivariate data analysis. The findings indicated that while education level had no association with mothers' behavior in managing the incidence of diarrhea among newborns, knowledge and family support did (p-value = 0.000) have a relationship with maternal behavior in handling diarrhea in toddlers. Otherwise, mothers' behaviors regarding diarrhea among toddlers were not correlated with their level of education. In the future, health officers are expected to provide information on how to deal with diarrhea among toddlers regularly and involve other family members to support mothers. The collaborative efforts of health officers and family members are essential in safeguarding toddlers' health and well-being during diarrhea episodes.

First Insight in Fungi Diversity and Mycotoxins Contaminating Smoked Fish Sold in Yaoundé Retails Markets in Cameroon

Mycotoxins are one of the major food poisons for the human’s liver. Their production is generally related to improper food storage condition, mainly cereals and groundnuts. In the present study we assessed the moulds diversity and mycotoxin contamination of smoked fish, one of the most eaten foodstuffs in Cameroon. For this purpose, 1000 specimens of smoked fish were randomly collected from 10 retail markets in Yaoundé and pooled into 50 composite samples. Moulds were isolated by dilution, suspension and culture methods. Identification of fungal was assessed by phonotypical characterization. Three different mycotoxins (Aflatoxin B1, Ochratoxin A and fumonisin B) were tested on fish. Semi-quantitative immuno-chromatographic assay was used for (AFB1) and Fumonisin B (FB), ELISA assay was used for Ochratoxin A (OTA). The identification of moulds flora associated with smoked fish revealed that they belonged to three genuses namely Aspergillus, Penicillium and Absidia. Only species belonguing to Aspergillus genus appear to produce Aflatoxins. Three types of mycotoxin were detected (AFB1, OTA and FB) with occurences of 76%, 18% and 6% respectively at levels above the reference maximum admissived limits.

A Clinical Study of Yashtimadhu &amp; Guduchi with special reference to Amlapitta

Amlapitta is a disease prevalent all over the world. The increasing prevalence rate is a constant challenge to the research workers. Amlapitta is very common disease caused due to Agnimandhya (digestive impairment) by increased Drava Guna of Vidagdha Pachaka Pitta (liquid quality of burned digestive Pitta) affecting the Annavaha Strotas (channels that carry the ingested food) and characterized by primary symptoms such as Avipaka (indigestion), Klama (exhaustion without any exertion). This is a burning problem in the society because of irregular and improper food habits and stressful lifestyle. The aim of the present study was to find out efficacy of Yashtimadhu and Guduchi in Amlapitta. In present study total 30 patients were taken, divided into 3 equal groups. In Group-I: 10 patients were treated with oral administration of Yashtimadhu, in Group-II: 10 patients were treated with Guduchi and in Group-III: 10 patients were treated with Yashtimadhu and Guduchi. After conducting clinical trial on 30 patients, observation and results were obtained. Statistical analysis shows that all three groups were significantly effective to reduce the cardinal symptoms, especially Group-III (Yashtimadhu and Guduchi).

A CLINICAL STUDY ON VEDANASTHAPAN MAHAKASHAYA OINTMENT AND VEDANASTHAPAN GHANVATI IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PARIKARTIKA W.S.R. TO ACUTE FISSURE-IN-ANO

Parikartika (anorectal fissure) has become the most common and painful condition in anorectal disorders. Nowadays, people have faulty lifestyles and improper food habits, leading to the vitiation of doshas, particularly Apana vayu, which is a significant factor for deterioration in anal conditions leading to fissures in the ano with severe pain in the anal region. In Modern science, various treatment modalities, including antibiotics, laxatics, sphincterectomy, fissurectomy, etc., are expensive and require long hospitalisation with other unwanted complications. Hence, pain management is the first step by Vedanasthapan drugs, which results in pain-relieving and rapid healing of the fissure. The lack of analgesics in ayurvedic medicines is a disadvantage, and there is a constant quest for an ideal ayurvedic analgesic medicine like vedana-sthapana drugs. The properties of Vedanasthapanamahakashaya ointment and Vedanasthapana ghanvati are the group of drugs which subside pain and restore all vitiated doshas in the body to an equilibrium state. So, the Vedanasthapan Mahakashaya, on the basis of the chemical constituents of each drug, can be estimated that the part of drugs which is used to subside the pain in the body and these classes of drugs have the qualities of analgesic, anti-inflammatory and wound healing properties.

A CASE REPORT ON THE ROLE OF CHANDANA AND TRIPHALA IN MUKHADUSHIKA

Introduction Mukhadushika(Pimples) is a prevalent problem among youngsters nowadays. However, teenagers and women of various age groups also need help with the same situation. This issue can be linked to a poor digestive system or improper food habits and lifestyle, leading to the accumulation of doshas in the body. Tvak(skin), being an Upadhatu of Rasa, becomes an excellent platform for expressing Dushyas in Mukha pidakas.

“Shatapaki Balashwagandhadi Taila” – A 4-Week Open Single Arm Clinical Study In Janu Sandhigata Vata (Knee osteoarthritis).

Background: Ayurveda is known for its management of chronic diseases like Rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, psoriasis, etc. Osteoarthritis is one such disease that gradually develops over the years and lately affects the daily activity of humans. It is a degenerative disease that mainly affects weight-bearing joints like hip joints, knee joints, etc. It mostly affects the 40s, but now we can see it in early ages. Changing lifestyle, and improper food habits are the major reasons behind this. Osteoarthritis can be correlated with Sandhigata vata described in Ayurveda. Ayurveda proves to be very effective in managing Sandhigata vata (Osteoarthritis). According to Ayurveda Taila is the best Shamana medicine for Vata dosha. These oils when fortified 100 or 1000 times are found to be more efficient as said by Charak. Hence a study was carried out to check the effectiveness of Siddha taila in the management of Janu sandhigata vata. Objective: To study the effect of Shatpaki Balaswagandadi taila (SBAT) described by Sahastrayog in the patients of Janu Sandhigat vata. Material and Methods: This prospective open, randomized, uncontrolled clinical study was conducted at Seth R.V. Ayurvedic Hospital, Sion, Mumbai. 30 Patients having classical signs and symptoms of Janu sandhigata vata according to Ayurveda and Osteoarthritis according to modern science were selected by convenient sampling method. For the study, Gel Capsules of SBAT, 300 mg each were prepared. It was administered at the dose of 600 mg twice daily orally after meal with Anupana of Koshna jala. The duration of treatment was 30 days. Follow-up was taken on the 7th, 14th, 21st and 30th day. The study outcome included a gradation scale for classical Signs and symptoms of Sandhigata vata, VAS score, Womac score, Flexion and extension goniometric scale, and swelling. Statistical analysis was performed using appropriate statistical tests. Results: Out of 30 patients treated, 9 (30%) got excellent results, 12 (40%) got Good results, and 8 (26.67%) got Moderate results. One patient remained unimproved. There is extremely significant improvement seen in all classical symptoms of Janu sandhigat vata (p &lt; 0.0001). The VAS score, Womac, Extension goniometric scale of the right and left knee, and The flexion goniometric scale showed statistically significant changes. Conclusion: The data showed that Shatapaki Balaswagandhadi taila (SBAT) Gel capsules showed significant relief in classical signs and symptoms and modern parameters of Janu sandhigat vata.