Impression Of Change Research Articles

STUDY ON CHANGING SCENERY IMPRESSION IN EVENING, BASED ON THE DIVISION EXPERIMENT OF TIME SEQUENTIAL PHOTOGRAPHS

The purpose of this study is to consider the changing scenery in evening. In this study, the division experiment of time sequential photographs was done. The result of the experiment supported the following two hypotheses.Hypotheses1: The change process of the scenery in evening has some feature change points not continuous, and has some stages. Therefore, the time zone between day and night can be caught by dividing at some time zones.Hypotheses2: The factor of the impression change is different, when the components or the composition of scenery is different. Therefore, the stages and the time zones are different according to them.

Begutachtung der Dystonien: Wandel der wissenschaftlichen Lehrmeinung am Beispiel der posttraumatischen Dystonie

The basis for medical expert reports must always be what is commonly known as the scientific consensus. For some neurological disorders, no more impressive changes in this scientific doctrine can be seen as those made for the dystonias over the last 100 years. The post-traumatic dystonia subsequent to peripheral trauma is an especially impressive example of these changes, as it has been almost completely accepted as a neurological disorder since the 1980 s, having consequences for the practice of medical evaluation and compensation. But since around 2005, voices have been increasingly heard highlighting the psychogenesis, or even the deliberate display of combinations of symptoms. After reviewing the literature, it is arguable if this disorder, as seen from the scientific consensus, exists as an actual disease. The discussion in the context of medical evaluation and the consequences for social medicine and insurance law are the focus of this review.

M11.4 Risk factors for preeclampsia in obese nulliparous women

Hypertensive disorders constitute the most common medical complications of pregnancy. In normal pregnancy, impressive physiological changes take place in the maternal cardiovascular system. Morphological changes are the result of invasion of migratory trophoblast cells into the walls of the spiral arteries. After destruction of elastic, muscular and neural tissue in the media, the trophoblast cells get incorporated into the vessel wall and the endothelial lining of the spiral arteries is restored. The physiological changes create a low-resistance, low-pressure, high-flow system with the absence of maternal vasomotor control. Biochemical adaptations in maternal vasculature include changes in the prostaglandin system, the renin–angiotensin–aldosteron system and the kallikrein–kinin system.In preeclampsia, physiological changes in the spiral arteries are confined to the decidual portion of the arteries. Myometrial segments remain anatomically intact and fail to dilate. In addition, the adrenergic nerve supply is left intact. The cause of this impaired endovascular trophoblast invasion is not yet elucidated. But in combination with the imbalance between vasodilator and vasoconstrictor eicosanoids, it gives rise to reduced perfusion of the intervillous space. In the absence of an adequate production of antiaggregatory prostacyclin (PGI2), nitric oxide, or both, surface-mediated platelet activation is supposed to occur on the surface of the spiral arteries. Because platelets are the principal source of circulating serotonin, the increased platelet aggregation in preeclampsia causes an increase in serotonin levels. Interaction of serotonin with serotonin1- or serotonin2-receptors depends on the state of the endovascular trophoblast or endothelium in the spiral arteries and has opposite effects with regard to vasodilating and vasoconstrictive influences.

Magnesium and strength in elite judo athletes according to intracellular water changes.

Magnesium (Mg) deficiency strongly affects muscle performance. In judo, many athletes often undergo impressive weight changes associated with severe dehydration. Common practices used by athletes to achieve a target weight can lead to Mg deficit. This study aimed to understand the impact of Mg changes on strength from periods of weight stability to prior to competition in a sample of elite judo athletes who differentially changed their intracellular water (ICW). The sample consisted of 20 elite male judo athletes. Subjects were divided according to ICW changes: losses below 2% and losses equal to or above 2%. Mg was measured in serum, red blood cells and urine by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. ICW was calculated as the difference between total-body water and extracellular water using dilution techniques. Maximal handgrip strength was evaluated using Jamar Hydraulic Hand Dynamometer. Upper-body power was determined in a bench press. Higher ICW decreases were associated with higher strength reductions, though our results suggest that an increase in red blood cell Mg might attenuate those strength reductions in athletes who decrease the ICW compartment. As Mg losses can be considerable and intake is frequently insufficient, athletes should consider supplementation, especially during periods of weight reduction.

Forming a negative impression of another person correlates with activation in medial prefrontal cortex and amygdala

Neural correlates involved in the formation of negative impression from face were investigated using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging and a partial conditioning paradigm. Eighteen normal volunteers underwent imaging while they viewed the faces of two unfamiliar individuals: one individual's face was partially accompanied by negative emotion but the other's was not. After the volunteers learned the relationship between the faces and the emotion, they formed a more negative impression of the person's face when the emotion was presented. Subtraction analysis of the individuals' neutral faces revealed activation in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and superior temporal sulcus, but this activity did not correlate with the change of impression from face. On the other hand, the response in the left amygdala negatively correlated with the change of impression from face in the first run. Time modulation analysis revealed that activity in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex associated with negative emotion was the largest in the initial part of the acquisition. These results suggest that a negative impression from face may be formed by orchestrated activity in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and amygdala, and that the activity has a prominent role in the initial acquisition of negative emotion.

Real versus Perceived Improvements of Helmet Molding Therapy for the Treatment of Plagiocephaly

Sir: Since the inception of the Back to Sleep campaign in the early 1990s, there has been a well-documented drop in the incidence of sudden infant death syndrome.1 There has also been a concomitant, well-documented rise in the number of plagiocephaly cases.2 Helmet molding therapy with orthosis has become an accepted treatment for deformational plagiocephaly. No studies have compared changes in three-dimensional objective measures in a patient's head shape with subjectively observed outcome. In this study, we investigated the actual versus perceived improvements from helmet molding therapy for deformational plagiocephaly using three-dimensional laser head scans. During the initial clinic visit, parents of 61 deformational plagiocephaly patients were asked to rate their child's head shape and ear position on a scale of 1 to 10, with 1 being abnormal and 10 representing normal. After their child's helmet molding therapy, parents were again asked to rate their child's head shape and ear position. A matched cohort of 91 children who underwent helmet molding therapy for the treatment of deformational plagiocephaly were also identified. Patients' charts were reviewed and topographic laser head scans were acquired using a STARscanner (Orthomerica, Orlando, Fla.). Laser scans were analyzed for each patient before and after helmet molding therapy. Cranial vault asymmetry index was calculated from the oblique measurements on head scans. The results of this study are presented in Figures 1 and 2.Fig. 1.: Mean actual changes in cranial vault asymmetry index and ear offset as measured by topographic laser head scans. A cranial vault asymmetry index below 3.5 is generally indicative of normal symmetry.Fig. 2.: Parents were asked to rate their child's head shape and ear position before and after helmet molding therapy. Ratings were based on a scale of 1 to 10, with 1 representing abnormal and 10 representing normal.The STARscanner provides numerous measurements on head shape; however, the cranial vault asymmetry index was selected because it normalizes for head size, allowing for comparison of head shapes independent of changes in head size attributable to age.3 In this study, helmet molding therapy resulted in a mean change in the cranial vault asymmetry index of 2.4 percent and a posttherapy mean cranial vault asymmetry index of 4.8. Although this degree of change in head shape still corresponded with noticeable asymmetry, parents viewed these results positively. After helmet molding therapy, parents rated their child's head shape as 7.88 on a scale of 1 to 10, with 1 being abnormal and 10 representing normal. Before therapy, the mean parental rating was 2.99. However, the improvements in ear position that parents perceived (7.75 following molding compared with 3.75 before therapy) were similar in magnitude to the changes in head shape despite less impressive changes in actual ear offset. The actual change in ear offset measured on topographic scans was only 0.2 mm. Although measurable asymmetry remains following helmet therapy for the correction of posterior positional plagiocephaly, appreciable and statistically significant changes are observed. These changes are viewed as significant by parents, although the objective measurements appear minimal. These data can be used in combination with pre–helmet molding head scans to inform parents of expected changes from helmet orthosis. Future longitudinal prospective studies will need to address the true utility of helmet molding therapy as compared with lack of helmet orthosis in correction of posterior positional plagiocephaly. DISCLOSURE The authors have no financial interests to disclose. Evan B. Katzel, B.A. Peter F. Koltz, M.D. Hani Sbitany, M.D. Christine Emerson, N.P. John A. Girotto, M.D. Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department of General Surgery University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, N.Y.

Escitalopram

Escitalopram is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), and is the second antidepressant to be approved for use in treating major depressive disorder (MDD) in adolescent patients (aged 12-17 years) in the US. In a randomized, double-blind, flexible-dose, multicenter trial, once-daily escitalopram 10-20 mg (n = 154) for 8 weeks was significantly better than placebo (n = 157) in improving the severity of depressive symptoms (as assessed by the change in the Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised [CDRS-R] total score) in adolescent patients with MDD. Preliminary data from a combined analysis of the double-blind data from this trial and double-blind data from a 16-week, fixed-dose, extension study suggest a significant difference between escitalopram and placebo recipients in the change in CDRS-R total scores after 24 weeks of treatment. In a similarly designed flexible-dose trial in pediatric patients (aged 6-17 years), a significant difference between once-daily escitalopram 10-20 mg (n = 77) and placebo (n = 80) for 8 weeks, as assessed by the change in CDRS-R total score, was not shown in the primary analysis (i.e. patients of all ages). In a pre-specified subgroup of adolescent patients, no significant difference was shown between the escitalopram and the placebo groups when analyzed using the last observation carried forward method, but was shown using the observed case method. Escitalopram 10-20 mg/day showed better efficacy than placebo for some secondary endpoints (e.g. the change in the Clinical Global Impression [CGI]-Severity score, the CGI-Improvement response rate) but not others (e.g. CDRS-R response rate, rate of remission) [corrected].Once-daily escitalopram 10-20 mg for 8 weeks was generally well tolerated in clinical trials in adolescent or pediatric patients with MDD. The incidence of suicidality-related adverse events was generally similar between escitalopram and placebo recipients.

Das fairplayer.manual zur unterrichtsbegleitenden Förderung sozialer Kompetenzen und Prävention von Bullying im Jugendalter: Ergebnisse der Pilotevaluation

The fairplayer.manual (Scheithauer u. Bull, 2008), a manualized, tuitional-based preventive intervention programme to facilitate social competence and prevent school bullying consists of at least 15 to 17 consecutive, ninety-minute-lessons using cognitive-behavioural methods (e. g. role plays, model-learning, social reinforcement, behaviour-feedback) and moral dilemma discussions amongst others. We present results from a pilot evaluation study with 138 students (between 13 and 21 years of age, from comprehensive and vocational school) and their teachers. Students and teachers were administered structured questionnaires considering e. g. the occurrence of bullying, prosocial behavior and student's empathy as well as legitimation of violence. For 113 students we obtained data for the two measurement points (pre-post). Due to a high attrition rate information of an initially recruited control group could not be considered. Results indicated partially impressive positive changes concerning the total number of bullies and victims as well as prosocial behavior. Results concerning legitimation of violence and empathy differed for classes according to treatment integrity.

Dimensional changes of alginate impression by using perforated and non-perforated ring trays

Dimensional changes are a common occurrence in impressions, either during or after impression taking. It produces a difference in the dimensions of the object and the model, which leads to the restoration being ill-fitted. Several causal factors have been proposed such as friction between the impression material and the teeth, the bulk of the impression material, the type of impression materials used, the impression technique, the pouring time and many others. The exact causal factor is still unknown and the dimensional change mechanism is still poorly understood. The objective of this research was to investigate the role of the perforation on the ring trays in producing dimensional changes in the impression by using perforated and non-perforated ring trays. Alginate impressions were made on the frustum of cone metal master die with a 7.08 mm base diameter, 7.03 mm top diameter and 9.23 mm height using perforated and non-perforated ring trays with 9.40 mm in diameter and 14.17 mm in height. The dimensional change was determined by comparing the dimension of the dental stone die and its metal master die. The results showed that the percentage of dimensional changes that occurred by using perforated ring tray were (+) 0.56±0.40 on the top area, (-) 3.54±2.92 on base area and (+) 1.54±0.83 in height, respectively. As compared to using non-perforated ring trays, the percentage of dimensional changes that occurred were (-) 0.49±0.49 on top area, (-) 8.76±3.95 on base area and (+) 1.19±0.71 in height, respectively. There was a significant difference in the direction of the dimensional changes on both the top areas, but not in the base areas and height.

Experimental study of impression formation (I) order effects in giving information and impression change

Experimental study of impression formation (I) order effects in giving information and impression change

Venlafaxine monotherapy in bipolar type II depressed patients unresponsive to prior lithium monotherapy

We examine the safety and efficacy of venlafaxine monotherapy in bipolar type II (BP II) patients with major depressive episode (MDE) who were unresponsive to prior lithium monotherapy. We hypothesized that venlafaxine would be superior to lithium with a low hypomanic conversion rate. Seventeen patients who were unresponsive to prior lithium monotherapy were crossed to venlafaxine monotherapy for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was within-subject change in total Hamilton Depression Rating (HAM-D) score over time. Secondary outcomes included the change in Young Mania Rating (YMRS) and clinical global impressions severity (CGI/S) and change (CGI/C) scores. Venlafaxine produced significantly greater reductions in HAM-D (P < 0.0005), CGI/S (P < 0.0005), and CGI/C (P < 0.0005) scores vs. prior lithium. There was no difference in mean YMRS scores between treatment conditions (P = 0.179). Venlafaxine monotherapy may be a safe and effective monotherapy of BP II MDE with a low hypomanic conversion rate in lithium non-responders.

You Never Get a Second Chance to Make a First (Implicit) Impression: The Role of Elaboration in the Formation and Revision of Implicit Impressions

Conditions under which implicit and explicit impressions of an individual may change in response to new information were investigated in two experiments. Participants formed an impression of a target person based on his membership in a social group and, in some conditions, detailed behavioral evidence. Later, half of the participants were given reason to believe that the initial information they had been given was wrong, and that the target actually belonged to a different social group. Implicit and explicit measures of participants' impressions of the target were then collected. Results indicated that, while explicit impressions were effectively corrected in light of new information, implicit impressions continued to reflect initial beliefs (Experiments 1 and 2). However, when given the opportunity to re-examine the original behavioral information, implicit measures also reflected a change in participants' impressions (Experiment 2). The role of elaboration in determining implicit and explicit impression change is discussed.

倒立振子移動機構を持つ人型ロボットの反応動作の違いが人に与える印象の変化

In this paper, we report the importance of the reactive behaviors of humanoid robots against human actions for smooth communication. We hypothesize that the reactive behaviors of robots play an important role in achieving human-like communication between humans and robots since the latter need to be recognized by the former as communication partners. To evaluate this hypothesis, we conducted psychological experiments in which we presented subjects with four types of reactive behaviors resulting from pushing a wheeled inverted-pendulum-type humanoid robot. From the experiment, we found that subject's impressions to the robot regarding extroversion and neuroticism changed by the robot's reactive behaviors. We also discuss the reasons for such changes in impressions by comparing the robot's and human reactive behavior.

Foreword

Over the last 20 years, clinical cardiac electrophysiology has witnessed impressive changes in its diagnostic and therapeutic capability, and they are all well summarised in the current issue of European Cardiology.

An Evaluation of the Fit of Metal-Ceramic Restorations Made with an Autoclaved Silicone-Based Impression Material

To demonstrate the clinical feasibility of autoclaving certain silicone impression materials in order to avoid potential cross-contamination during handling, transport, and subsequent processing. Semicritical devices are recommended to be treated at least with high-level disinfectants or actually steam sterilized at 134°C. To date dental impressions have been disinfected rather than sterilized, so the question remains should they be sterilized before being sent to the dental laboratory? Two identical impressions per case were made of metal-ceramic crown and fixed partial denture preparations on the same patient using addition type polyvinyl siloxane (PVS) impression materials (AFFINIS,® Coltene/Whaledent AG, 9450 Altstätten, Switzerland) in different trays. The first impression (IMPx1) was cleaned and treated with an intermediate-level disinfectant (FD 322--Fast Disinfection Spray, Dürr Dental, 74321 Bietigheim-Bissingen, Germany). The second impression (IMPx2) was cleaned, treated with an intermediate-level disinfectant as with IMPx1, subjected to a computer tomography (CT) scan with a dimensional resolution of ± 10 µm, steam sterilized, and then subjected to a second CT scan. The dimensional changes of the second impression after steam sterilization were calculated by comparing the overlay of the two CT scans and expressed by color coding of the impression graphics. After the second scan, the impression was sent to a dental laboratory to fabricate a metal-ceramic crown or metal-ceramic fixed partial denture restoration to the one produced from the first impression (IMPx1) subjected only to disinfection. This process was repeated for four clinical cases. Impressions made with AFFINIS® silicone impression materials in a rigid reinforced polycarbonate impression tray or in a metal dual-arch tray can be autoclaved. The overall dimensional stability of the impressions and the quality of single crowns and small fixed partial dentures made using IMPx2 was not compromised. The maximum dimensional differences at the preparations of the nonautoclaved and the autoclaved impressions were found to be within acceptable limits of about 50-100 µm. Steam sterilization of AFFINIS® impressions is possible without adversely affecting dimensional change. In addition, clinicians can clearly indicate to the dental practice and laboratory personnel that sterilization of the impressions has been performed, cross-contamination is unlikely, and the impressions present no apparent health hazard during transport and subsequent processing.

Sovereignty, Human Rights, and Responsibility: Changes in China’s Response to International Humanitarian Crises

The question of whether human rights are above sovereignty has dominated China’s human rights discourse. Relying on a sovereignty-human rights spectrum, this article reviews China’s behaviors, particularly its participation in the UN Security Council, in managing the three major international humanitarian crises in the post-Cold War era—Rwanda, Kosovo, and Darfur, and finds that there have been impressive changes in China’s response to the crises. Yet, a content analysis of China’s official discourse on human rights finds that China’s attitudes towards sovereignty and human rights have not changed much. Drawing on constructivist international relations theory, this article attempts to explain the paradox. It is argued that the international discourse on the “responsibility to protect” has brought about changes in international norms regarding violations of human rights and humanitarian law, and that, having undergone in recent years an identity change from a defensive power of bitterness and insecurity to a rising power aspiring to take more responsibility, China is more concerned about its national image and more receptive to international norms, which has led to the changes in its response to international humanitarian crises.

What Makes Patients with Fibromyalgia Feel Better? Correlations Between Patient Global Impression of Improvement and Changes in Clinical Symptoms and Function: A Pooled Analysis of 4 Randomized Placebo-controlled Trials of Duloxetine

To investigate the relationship between changes in clinical rating scale items and endpoint Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I). Data were pooled from 4 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies of duloxetine in patients with fibromyalgia (FM). Variables included in the analyses were those that assessed symptoms in FM domains of pain, fatigue, sleep, cognitive difficulties, emotional well-being, physical function, and impact on daily living. The association of endpoint PGI-I with changes from baseline in individual variables was assessed using Pearson product-moment correlations (r). Stepwise linear regression was used to identify those variables for which changes from baseline were statistically significant independent predictors of the endpoint PGI-I ratings. Changes in pain variables and interference of symptoms with the ability to work were highly correlated (r >or= 0.5 or r <or= -0.5) with endpoint PGI-I. Moderate correlation with endpoint PGI-I (0.30 <or= r < 0.5 or -0.5 < r <or= -0.30) included changes in variables that assessed physical functioning, depression, anxiety, fatigue, and several variables related to impact on daily living. Independent predictor variables of endpoint PGI-I identified by stepwise linear regression included assessments for pain, physical function, vitality, anxiety, social function, and tender point thresholds. In addition to pain reduction, what makes patients with FM feel better may include improvement in fatigue, physical functioning, mood, and impact on daily living. An assessment of these domains may be important in clinical trials of FM and in the management of patients with FM.

GPS Lifeplan—Leading Campus Change

The Goals + Plans = Success (GPS) LifePlan is a new and innovative approach to assist and support students in answering critical questions that give direction to their pursuit of success. The program has brought impressive cultural changes to Century College. It benefitted new students by establishing a framework for critical decision making that has been embraced across the college as a program used in orientation and stressed to students through the curriculum.

Rheumatic Diseases in the Ancient Americas

The effect of rheumatic and infectious diseases on skeletal remains provides an important source of information for knowledge of contemporary medicine. Few pathologic conditions have attracted so much interest as treponematoses. One of these, syphilis, was the most feared venereal disease throughout the civilized world until the introduction of penicillin in the 20th century. To describe paleopathological and ceramic illustrations of treponematoses in ancient Mexico. Paleopathological and ceramic material examples from the National Institute of Anthropology and History of Mexico were reviewed. A unique paleopathologic site for treponemal diseases comprises the La Candelaria Cave skeletal collection from northern Mexico. The cave was used as a burial site and contained the bones of at least 83 adults and 33 subadults. Fifty-one percent of the recovered skulls possess erosions of the vault consistent with treponematoses. Some of these exhibit the impressive frontal bone lytic changes with irregular borders typical of caries sicca. In addition, periostosis of the long bones was found in up to 88% of the study sample, including 6 examples of saber-shin deformity of tibias. Radiocarbon dating (-C) of a bone retrieved from the cave ranges from 1100 to 1300 A.D. Additionally, a Pre-Hispanic ceramic figurine from the Mexican state of Nayarit depicting a lame man with multiple nodular skin lesions that suggest gummatous treponemal infection is described. These ancient specimens reinforce the notion that treponemal infection was present on the American Continent before European penetration of the New World. These very advanced paleopathologic lesions and ceramic representations demonstrate the degree to which these diseases wrought devastation before the antibiotic era. In ancient times, treponematoses were true rheumatic diseases that produced profound skeletal abnormalities marked by periosteal accretion and bone destruction.

Reasons and Outcomes of Olanzapine Dose Adjustments in the Outpatient Treatment of Schizophrenia

Antipsychotic treatment dose adjustments may influence treatment outcomes in patients with schizophrenia. We analysed data from 4,247 outpatients with schizophrenia who started olanzapine monotherapy in the 3-year, prospective, observational SOHO study to determine factors associated with olanzapine dose adjustments and how these impact on treatment effectiveness and tolerability. Regression analyses showed an association between changes in the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) and olanzapine dose changes: patients with a lack of effectiveness were more likely to have their dose increased, whereas patients with good treatment response were more likely to have a dose decrease. Improvement in tardive dyskinesia was associated with dose increase or no change (p=0.034) and worsening of sexual problems was associated with dose decrease (p=0.001). Conversely, an increase in olanzapine dose was associated with subsequent clinical improvement (CGI), but dose adjustment had no significant effects on tolerability outcomes. These results indicate that psychiatrists tend to modify olanzapine dose according to treatment response. Dose increases seem to be associated with a better response to treatment and not with a worsening of side-effects.