Importance Of Personality Traits Research Articles

Personality and Teaching Motivations of Prospective Teachers in Cuba

ABSTRACT The five-factor model is one of the most researched theories of personality and is frequently evaluated through the Big Five Inventory (BFI). The present study aims to explore the reliability and factorial validity of the BFI in Cuba and to investigate the relationships between personality traits and motivations for teaching. A sample of 320 prospective teachers from two universities participated in the study. A total scale reliability score of α = .73 was obtained. Principal Component Analysis using varimax rotation validated a five-factor structure, however, poor loadings of some items of the agreeableness and neuroticism factors were found. Personality dimensions of the five-factor model provided a set of meaningful relations with motivational factors determining the choice of entering the teaching profession. The dimensions of conscientiousness and agreeableness were significant predictors of intrinsic motivation as well as satisfaction with career choice. In particular, conscientiousness emerged as an important personality trait of prospective teachers. The findings obtained are partly in line with previous studies and are significant for recruitment strategies that optimize teacher quality.

Impact of Openness to Experience on Burnout: The Mediating Role of Knowledge Sharing

Openness to experience is one of the important personality traits that negatively affect burnout. It reduces burnout among employees. Knowledge sharing positively affects employees' feelings within the organization settings, and it lowers their psychological fatigue. knowledge sharing mediates the relationship between openness to experience and burnout. A time-lagged study was conducted, and the data were collected using 39 39-item questionnaires from 420 employees of multinational organizations in three different time intervals. Data were tested using SPSS. For H1, β value was -0.47 at 0.000 significant level. H2 was also supported with β value of 0.61 at a p-value of 0.000; H3 was also supported at β value of -0.43 and P value of 0.000. Knowledge sharing mediates the relationship between openness to experience and burnout with an indirect effect of 0.29. Hence, all hypotheses were supported.

Character Counts: Psychometric-Based Credit Scoring for Underbanked Consumers

Psychometric-based credit scores measure important personality traits that are characteristic of good borrowers’ behaviors. While such data can potentially improve credit models for underbanked consumers, the utility of psychometric data in consumer lending is still largely understudied. The present study contributes to the literature in this respect, as it is one of the first studies to evaluate the efficacy of psychometric-based credit scores for predicting future loan defaults among underbanked consumers. The results from two culturally diverse samples of loan applicants (Sub-Saharan Africa, n = 1113; Western Europe, n = 1033) found that psychometric scores correlated significantly with future loan defaults (Gini = 0.28–0.31) and were incrementally valid above and beyond the banks’ own credit scorecards. These results highlight the theoretical basis for personality in financial behaviors, as well as the practical utility that psychometric scores can have for credit decisioning in general and the facilitation of financial inclusion for underbanked consumer groups in particular.

Relationship of conflict resolution culture and personal characteristics of future doctors

Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of the relationship between conflict resolution culture and the personal characteristics of future doctors.Aim. The present research aimed to examine the relationship between the conflict resolution culture of medical university graduates and the key personality traits that influence a doctor’s professional activities: trust and aggressiveness.Methodology and research methods. The testing method employed various psychological tools, including O. I. Shcherbakova’s methodology for assessing the level of conflict resolution culture in individuals, J. B. Rotter’s Interpersonal Trust Scale, and the Bass-Darkey test, a standardised questionnaire designed to measure aggressive and hostile reactions developed by A. Bass and A. Darkey. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, regression analysis, and factor analysis were utilised to process the data. The study sample consisted of 300 graduates from the medical faculty of Sechenov University, aged between 22 and 28 years.Results. Graduates exhibit an average level of conflict resolution culture (46.6), an average level of interpersonal trust (78.6), and elevated indices of hostility (52.73) and aggressiveness (53.09), along with a high level of resentment (59.58). Correlation analysis of the study data identified 14 statistically significant relationships between the components of conflict resolution culture and various forms of aggression; however, no statistically significant relationships were found with the level of interpersonal trust. The multiple regression model developed by the authors indicated that 22.8% of the high level of conflict resolution culture can be attributed to the low levels of physical aggression and suspicion.Practical significance. A significant contribution of this study is the identification of the relationship between conflict resolution culture and the personal characteristics of medical university graduates, such as trust and aggressiveness. This research lays the groundwork for developing programmes aimed at enhancing the professionally important personality traits of future doctors. It emphasises the prevention of aggressive behaviour, the cultivation of conflict resolution skills, and the promotion of effective communication with patients and colleagues, ultimately leading to an improvement in the quality of medical care.

Discovering the major personality traits in the tertiary education program directors via female lens and how these qualities are connected to the infrastructural and policy impact

Leadership and personality traits of leaders always remained a hot debate among researchers and practitioners. However, there is still limited literature in the context of higher education. Thus, this research aimed to identify the most important personality traits in the workplace from the perspectives of higher education system leaders in four countries. The data were gathered by interviewing six participants from different nations, and those participants identified six personality traits that they considered positive at work. These traits include integrity, passion, adaptability, positivity, creativity, and compassion. Moreover, the findings revealed how program leaders can modify their recruitment and placement strategies to promote positive workplace practices and what methods can be used to reduce bad practices and their elimination, leading to higher business prospects. The results of this study can serve as guidelines for managers, program administrators, or intermediaries who want to improve their organizational performance. Moreover, the propositions developed by the findings can be investigated empirically.

Geogebra in Real-Life: Important Tips to Support Student Creative Thinking in Mathematics

Creativity is an important personality trait to use in everyday life. This allows us to be flexible when facing real life situations. Mathematics education should be seen as an opportunity for creativity development, even though creativity is not traditionally associated with mathematics. One of the goals of education at every level is to encourage students to think creatively, think logically, and be able to solve problems. This study aimed to provide important tips to support the student creative thinking when studying mathematics. This study also described activities outside the classroom that could develop the student creativity related to geometry. The methods used were surveys, interviews, and classroom and outdoor observations. We used brainstorming in mathematics education. The results of the research during the survey were visible. Researchers collaborated with students aged 19 to 21 years. We asked them to search for “any geometry” and take pictures of interesting objects while they were doing the activity. Next, students created ideas for geometry assignments based on the photos they took. The large collection of photos collected represented the basis for creating mathematical problems without any specific steps related to geometric objects. These open problems could be solved by students. In conclusion, Geogebra could encourage the student creative thinking by providing the opportunity to experiment with their own ideas and find solutions to mathematical problems.

Development and validation of Japanese version of alternative food neophobia scale (J-FNS-A): association with willingness to eat alternative protein foods.

Food neophobia (FN) is a psychological trait that inhibits one's willingness to eat unfamiliar foods. It is related to the acceptance of insect foods and cultured meat, which are major protein alternatives to conventional meat, and is an important personality trait for understanding the near-future food industry. However, the factor structure of Pliner and Hobden's FN scale (FNS) is unstable due to respondents' cultural backgrounds. Thus, we aimed to develop a Japanese version based on the alternative FNS (FNS-A), the most recent revised version, and to examine its validity. Four online surveys (preliminary 1: n = 202; preliminary 2: n = 207; main: n = 1,079; follow-up: n = 500) were conducted on the FNS-A. For the main survey, Japanese respondents (aged 20-69 years) answered the Japanese version of the FNS-A (J-FNS-A), their willingness to eat (WTE), and their familiarity with hamburgers containing regular protein foods (ground beef, tofu) and alternative protein foods (soy meat, cultured meat, cricket powder, algae powder, and mealworm powder). Consistent with the FNS-A, confirmatory factor analysis assuming a two-dimensional structure (approach and avoidance) showed satisfactory model fit indices. The mean J-FNS-A score (Cronbach's α for 8 items = 0.83) was 4.15 [standard deviation (SD) = 0.93]. J-FNS-A scores were not associated with age and gender, whereas a greater than moderate association was found with WTE hamburgers containing alternative protein foods (rs = -0.42 to -0.33). The strength of these negative associations increased as food familiarity decreased (r = 0.94). The test-retest reliability at 1 month was also satisfactory (r = 0.79). The validity of the J-FNS-A was confirmed. Higher J-FNS-A scores (mean = 41.51, SD = 9.25, converted to Pliner and Hobden's FNS score) of the respondents suggest that Japanese people prefer conservative foods. This scale could predict the negative attitudes toward foods with low familiarity, such as alternative proteins. The J-FNS-A appears to be a useful psychological tool for assessing Japanese food neophobia tendencies and predicting novel food choices of Japanese individuals.

ATTITUDES OF PARENTS AND TEACHERS TOWARDS MATHEMATICS EDUCATION IN THE CONTEXT OF STEAM EDUCATION

The pre-school period is valuable in itself. It is at this age that the child's most important personality traits, his or her perception, thinking, communication, etc., develop. STEAM goes hand in hand with the development of 21st century skills and should be included as early as possible in the curriculum. Children's early experiences with science, technology, engineering and mathematics and the arts influence their future success in these areas. When teachers give children early opportunities to learn maths and science in an interactive environment that builds communication and collaboration skills, children are more confident and competent in these subjects. This not only makes higher education more accessible to children but also contributes to a well-prepared society. Survey of 116 teachers and 104 parents identified that parents of pre-school children are more accurate in identifying the disciplines that STEAM education integrates, they perceive that the teacher's background in mathematics and science influences children's mathematical and science education, and that young children can apply early mathematical concepts. Parents identified advantages and barriers to the successful implementation of STEAM in pre-school education.

The Analytical Trait in FIKR (Facet, Insight, Knowledge and Resilience) Personality Profiling as an Important Personality Trait to Identify the Climate Changer Leadership: A Lacking Knowledge in the Literature

Purpose: This short note aims to review all the available literature using the keywords ‘Leader Personality’ in the Scopus database and propose the usage of analytical traits in FIKR (Facet, Insight, Knowledge and Resilience) personality profiling (PP) to identify climate changer leadership with logical rationales. Methodology: Using the Scopus database on 26 April 2024, with the keywords ‘Leader Personality’ in the article title. Bibliometric analyses were performed using VOSviewer to generate a clear graphical representation of bibliometric maps. Findings: A total of 250 papers were reached using the Scopus database search, which had high relevancy. Based on the visualization of the paper network confirming the main research themes, from 1920 to 2024, 20 items with 6 major clusters were found. However, the item with Analytical was not found in all the 6 major clusters. Therefore, all the above literature indicates that the use of analytical trait among leaders is still lacking in the literature. Following that, the usage of analytical traits in FIKR (Facet, Insight, Knowledge and Resilience) personality profiling (PP) to identify the climate changer leadership is proposed, with a hypothetical comparison of leadership between high and low analytical traits. A hypothetical comparison of leadership between high and low analytical traits can be used since a) Overall, a high analytical trait uses data-driven decisions, while low analytical personalities rely on intuition in leadership roles; b) Good communication style where high analytical leaders emphasize clear communication, while low analytical leaders use storytelling and emotional appeals; c) Efficient indecision-making process, where high analytical personalities analyze thoroughly before decisions, while low analytical individuals rely on instinct; d) Positive impact on team dynamics where teams under high analytical leaders focus on data-driven metrics, while teams under low analytical leaders emphasize creativity; e) Approach to challenges, where high analytical leaders break down challenges for systematic problem-solving, while low analytical leaders tackle challenges holistically. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Hence, there is a rationale to propose and to highlight the use of analytical trait in leaders of an organization. Therefore, this has become a novelty in this present paper. Overall, this analytical trait enables leaders to understand the complexity of climate change and its impact on various sectors, such as energy, agriculture, and transportation.

Development and validation of the Sports Grit Scale

ABSTRACT Grit is an important personality trait for sporting performance. Although general grit scales are increasingly used in sports science and training, there is a need for a sports-specific tool. Hence, the objective of the present work was to develop and validate the domain-specific Sports Grit Scale. To this end, we performed an exploratory study, a confirmatory study, and a validation study. The resulting Sports Grit Scale had a four-factor structure: “Achieving objectives” (4 items), “Giving up” (3 items), “Surpassing oneself” (3 items), and “Focusing on sport” (3 items). The Sports Grit Scale’s items were positively associated with passion and general grit. Our new Sports Grit Scale might have applications for coaches or sports psychologists seeking to evaluate an athlete’s personality or to measure and increase an athlete’s level of grit through specific training programmes.

Negative factors of personality hardiness that effect on ability to control situation and cope with the stress

IntroductionPersonality hardiness expresses the characteristics that help to overcome stress and achieve well-being.ObjectivesThis study focused on the Hardiness as the important personality trait, which allow coping with stress and the relationship of empathy, emotional sensitivity and the personality hardiness.Methods88 healthy volunteers, students aged 17 to 26 years (mean age = 19, SD = 1,69), participated in this study. We used Cloninger’s Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), the Maddi Hardiness Survey (adapted by Leontyev), Buss Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ), the Barratt impulsiveness scale (BIS-11), Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), the Questionnaire Measure of Emotional Empathy (QMEE).Results The cluster analysis was used to identify groups of hardy personalities. We demonstrated a negative relationship between hardiness and depression and burnout. It revealed significant differences between these groups by the following traits: Attention (BIS-11), Self-Control (BIS-11), Cognitive Complexity (BIS-11), Hostility (BPAQ), Exploratory activity (NS1 TCI), Shyness of strangers (HA3 TCI), Resourcefulness (S3 TCI). Regression analysis was used to identify Hardiness factors and to build the following regression models. For the first group the models describe 100% of dispersion (R-square=1,000, Durbin-Watson statistic = 1,419) and are:Control = -16,998 - 2,922*С2 + 3,549*С5 + 3,264*CI + 0,723*ST2 + 0,747*S4 - 0,306*SC + 0,166*RD3 - 0,020*C — 0,003*NS2, where C2 – scale Empathy (TCI), C5 – scale Principles (TCI), CI – cognitive instability, ST2 – Transpersonal identification scale (TCI), S4 – Self-acceptance (TCI), SC – Self-Control (BIS-11), RD3 – Social attachment (TCI), C – Cooperativeness (TCI), NS2 – Impulsive decision making (TCI). The Hardiness model described 50% (R-square=0,456) of dispersion:Hardiness = 63,527 – 4,080*C2, where C2 –Empathy scale (TCI) (p=0,003).The regression models of the second group explain 50% of group dispersion (R-square=0,512) and are Independent variables significance p<0,05:Challenge = 12,484 + 0,389*SC + 0,197*EE — 0,702*RD1 — 0,206*A,where SC- Self-Control scale (BIS-11), EE – Emotional Empathy (Personality test of Emotional Empathy), RD1 – Sentimentality scale (TCI), A – Anger (BPAQ).The Hardiness model describes 35% of dispersion (R-square=0,364, Durbin-Watson statistic = 2,066): Hardiness = 100,352 + 0,941*SC — 0,527*H, where SC – Self-Control scale (BIS-11) (p=0,009), H – Hostility scale (BPAQ) (p=0,021).ConclusionsThus, the attention and self-control problems, hostility, cognitive complexity and shyness have a negative impact on hardiness.Our results suggest that the excessive use of empathy leads to decrease of ability to control situation and cope with the stress.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE PRACTICE OF UNIVERSITY INSTRUCTORS, MEDICAL STUDENTS, AND MEDICAL DOCTORS

The aim of this study is to analyze the significance of such competence as "emotional intelligence" in training medical students at higher (master) medical education level, particularly thought the delievery certain disciplines. Emotional intelligence refers to the ability to recognize and manage one's own and others' emotions. Analytical studies have shown that emotional intelligence ranks as the third most important personality trait, following intelligence and conscientiousness, in determining human activity. Acquiring modern knowledge about emotional intelligence is crucial for individuals engaged in activities involving interpersonal interaction, especially for professions where individuals influence others, such as teachers-students behavior in higher education settings. The influence of a teacher on the emotional well-being of students is paramount. Communicating in the medical profession is essential, and guiding students' emotions positively is vital for enhancing their motivation to learn. Positive emotions conveyed through facial expressions, body language, and tone of voice can steer the educational process toward constructive outcomes. It is well-known that a good doctor possesses the ability to make patients feel better simply through conversation. These exceptional doctors often possess or consciously develop emotional intelligence as a character trait. Educational efforts aimed at fostering and developing emotional intelligence in future specialists are therefore crucial. Thus, modern higher education teachers must comprehend and deeply grasp the concept of emotional intelligence, being prepared to engage with students on an emotional level. Conclusion. Societal awareness of the current state of scientific understanding regarding emotional intelligence can significantly impact various aspects of society, from individual collectives to interstate relations. Faculty across disciplines should acquire knowledge about emotional intelligence to effectively carry out their teaching responsibilities. Medical students should acquire knowledge, skills, and abilities related to emotional intelligence to fulfill their professional duties successfully in the future.

Eğitim Yönetiminde Program Geliştirme Süreçleri ile İlgili Alanyazında Yapılan Araştırma Makalelerinin İncelenmesi

As stated under the Tenth Development Plan, basic and professional skills development program, Dec. 2014-2018, published in line with the goals of 2023 in our country, critical thinking is among the basic skills that individuals should have in terms of ensuring rapid adaptation of individuals to work and living conditions and developing human resources. the teacher strategy document, which draws the roadmap for teacher training, development and employment periods in our country between 2017-2023, lists raising free individuals with program development skills among the final goals of education. Dec.Dec. However, when Deciphering the framework reports defining the human qualities of the twenty-first century that guide the national education policies of countries, program development is emphasized among the important and priority skills. 21, which is recognized worldwide for its work on twenty-first century skills. 21, prepared by the century skills partnership. cooperation framework for century skills and 21. the project on the evaluation and teaching of Decennial skills highlights program development among the twenty-first century competencies. In addition to its role in the changing educational world, program development also has an important role in shaping individuals and societies. Nowadays, the ability to develop a program to find the most accurate and reliable one that will work for you from the increasing amount of data in each profession field is the most important personality trait that can be relied on by acting as a mental filter. An individual armed with educational processes does not accept information in a stationary way and questions the reliability of the information he encounters by applying his own reasoning methods. He may convert the information he questions when necessary, or he may not accept it. From the point of view of individuation, the ability to develop a program is important for a person to be independent and original-minded individuals, to create the right solutions for his life and to make the right decisions. Key Words: Educational Management, Program Development, Research and Review Articles

CEO extraversion and the cost of equity capital

AbstractWe examine whether CEO extraversion, an important personality trait associated with leadership, is associated with firms' expected cost of equity capital. We measure CEO extraversion using CEOs' speech patterns during the unscripted portion of conference calls. After controlling for multiple CEO and firm‐specific variables, we find a strong positive incremental association between CEO extraversion and firms' expected cost of capital. Moreover, cost of equity increases when a more extraverted CEO replaces a less extraverted CEO. In addition, we find that firms with relatively extraverted CEOs take more risk and exhibit lower credit ratings, which is associated with higher cost of equity capital. These results are statistically and economically meaningful and do not appear to be driven by reverse causality, endogenous matching, look‐ahead bias, or bias in analysts' earnings forecast.

Legal support for the formation of valuable needs of servicemen of the Armed Forces of Ukraine

The purpose of the article is to determine the essence of legal support for the formation of value needs of military personnel.
 The article found out that the need for our state to effectively repel full-scale Russian armed aggression requires a review of the system of formation of value orientations among military personnel and conscripts. At the same time, the process of developing such values should not be arbitrary, but purposeful in nature, which requires agreement on the purpose, main forms, subjects and objects of such work at the legal level.
 Arguments are given that the formation of socio-value needs of military personnel performs several functions related to the importance of values for the success of military service. The content of the specified functions is disclosed.
 The development of the values of military personnel in the legal aspect should be considered as a process of defining and approving, in accordance with the competence of the subjects of rule-making, the main goals of the formation of the personality of persons undergoing military service. Such goals should cover the sphere of patriotic values, such as the willingness to devote one’s life to the service of the motherland and the willingness to do all one can to protect its sovereignty and territorial integrity.
 It was concluded that the legal support for the formation of value needs of military personnel is a process of summarizing, formulating and approving the most important personality traits for military service, which determine their patriotism, the ability to perform tasks in a team, the ability to military leadership and to effectively carry out the orders of commanders/chiefs . Part of the value needs of the personality of military personnel has found its consolidation in the legal acts that regulate the training and completion of military service. It was found that the current period of development of the Armed Forces of Ukraine in the conditions of full-scale Russian armed aggression necessitates changes in legal acts that define the goals of the formation of the personality of military personnel. The goals of forming military command and military leadership qualities, which play an important role in the hierarchy of professional values of military personnel, need their legal consolidation.

Gender and Organizational Conflict Management: The Mediating Role of Personality

Many authors examined the interplay between gender and conflict management preferences, but those findings were often mixed and inconsistent. In the current paper, we tried to explain those inconsistencies by investigating the mediating role of personality for the relationship of gender and conflict management. Rahim’s inventory was used for identifying five conflict management styles, and the Big Five Model theory was a base for assessing participants' personality traits. In an online survey, data were collected from a sample of 1,055 working Poles (52.7% women). Based on the structural equation modeling, we detected multiple indirect mediating paths of gender on conflict management via personality traits, while no direct effect of gender was observed. Despite some limitations, the study sheds light on the role of gender in conflict behavior and the importance of personality traits in conflict management, both from a theoretical and practical perspective.

Dark Triad and Sport Performance among Pakistani Players Mediating Role of Antisocial Behavior: A Conceptual Study

The study will measure the association between dark triad and sport performance among Pakistani players with mediating role of antisocial behavior. The total sample (N= 495) of Pakistani players will be recruited from an affiliation with a university institute, or club, and national players will be selected in this research. The age range will be 18-35 years of participants. Three instruments will be used to collect the data, Short Dark Triad, and Sport Performance Scale. While in this study Antisocial Behavior Scale will be developed and validated. This study will be conducted in two phases. The phase-1 comprised the exploratory sequential mixed methods research design (tool development) used to explore the domains of antisocial behavior, develop, and validate the antisocial behavior scale. While, phase-2, is quantitative and cross-sectional in nature. The methods and procedures adopted for both phases are given separately. Considering the literature review and objectives of the study, three proposed hypotheses will be tested after the data collection. H1: The indigenous antisocial behavior scale will be valid and reliable among Pakistani players. H2: There will be an association of dark triad personality (Machiavellianism, Narcissism, and Psychopathy) and antisocial behavior with the sports performance of Pakistani players. H3: There will be an influence of dark triad personality (Machiavellianism, Narcissism, and Psychopathy) on the sport performance of Pakistani players with mediating role of antisocial behavior. H4: In the first phase of the study, data will be analyzed through Content Analysis, and in phase 2, the data will be analyzed through SPSS and AMOS to test the psychometrics properties of newly developed Antisocial Behavior Scale, the association between variables and mediation analysis using Structural Equation Modeling. Regarding implications of the study, this study will be helpful for sports psychologists, players, coaches, and sports policymakers. Dark Triad are important personality traits, which can positively and negatively predict sports performance among players. This research will gain the intention of sports psychologists, coaches, and sports policy makers to develop policies regarding personality traits such as dark triad and antisocial behavior. This study recommends to coaches and team selectors during the selection of players, the personality traits of players should also be measured and players who have negative personality traits will be considered for further psychotherapeutic interventions to overcome their negative personality traits, after this so they can enhance their sports performance.

Psycho-emotional effects generated by the covid-19 pandemic on the lives of students

The central objective of this paper was to analyze the psycho-emotional effects that the Covid-19 Pandemic caused on the lives of students in Romania. To achieve this goal, 91 students were surveyed, using quantitative and qualitative methods. The aim was to identify levels of anxiety, depression, dysfunctional and functional emotions (fear and sadness). In addition to these variables, it was also observed how personality traits can moderate the psycho-emotional effects generated. The results obtained in this correlational study are supported by other research conducted in the last 3 years. The results reveal how extraversion and emotional stability can be good predictors of functional emotions. Extraversion correlated positively with depression, and emotional stability correlated negatively with the dysfunctional emotions of fear and sadness. While, at the opposite pole, introversion and neuroticism are risk factors for mental health. They may experience more severely the psychosocial and affective impact of the changes related to COVID19. While extraversion and emotional stability proved to be good predictors of functional emotions, conscientiousness represented an indicator for the extent to which young people are willing to comply with measures to prevent infection with the Covid-19 virus (mask wearing, timely declarations of night, social distancing, keeping the distance limit). On the other hand, the students claimed that the pandemic created for them a state of tension, anxiety, insecurity, the reason being that they did not know how things would evolve and what would happen next with classes/exams, and the information received from the management side were not clear. The felt anxiety was associated with the variable - alcohol consumption. The findings of this research create the favorable context for the development of larger, qualitative research, providing evidence regarding the importance of personality traits as a relevant predictor of differences between individuals during the pandemic. Due to the small number of participants in the study, there are certain limitations in that the results obtained cannot be generalized to a larger population than the subjects that make up the sample.

Financial literacy of Generation Y and the influence that personality traits have on financial knowledge

This article examines the financial literacy of the Generation Y age cohort and explores how personality traits influence individual’s financial knowledge. Using a detailed financial literacy survey, multiple areas of financial literacy are measured (investments, budgeting, economics, risk management, and retirement planning) along with the well-known Big Five personality traits. The findings of this article suggest that the Generation Y cohort is more knowledgeable in budgeting and risk management segments of financial literacy but lack knowledge in retirement planning. Secondly, extraversion and conscientiousness are both important personality traits when regressed on individuals overall financial literacy levels. These finding help develop the insights into how behavioral and personality traits influence the cognitive and financial decision-making ability of individuals.

Unravelling the relation between altruistic cooperativeness trait, smiles, and cooperation: a mediation analysis.

Human cooperativeness is an important personality trait. However, the mechanism through which people cooperate remains unclear. Previous research suggests that one of the proposed functions of smiling is to advertise altruistic dispositions, leading to successful cooperation. In particular, studies have reported that Duchenne smiles are honest signals of cooperative intent because they are not easy to produce voluntarily. This study aimed to examine the predictive relationships among altruistic cooperativeness traits, Duchenne smiles, and cooperative behavior. A total of 90 people were randomly assigned to dyads and filmed while they participated in a ten-minute, unstructured conversation followed by a prisoner's dilemma game to measure their cooperative behaviors. Their smiles during conversations were classified as Duchenne or non-Duchenne. Participants' altruistic dispositions were measured before the conversation began using an anonymous prisoner's dilemma game. The results of our linear regression analyses support previous findings that individual's Duchenne smiles and their own cooperative behavior are positively correlated. However, when we controlled for altruistic cooperativeness, Duchenne smiles no longer correlated with cooperative behavior. The results of the mediation analyses showed that Duchenne smiles and smile synchrony did not mediate the predictive relationship between altruistic cooperativeness and cooperative behavior. Our results suggest that human cooperative behavior may be predetermined by altruistic cooperativeness. This calls for the reconsideration of the Duchenne smile as an underlying behavioral mechanism that is effective for signaling altruistic cooperative intent.