Important Individual Outcomes Research Articles

Losing While Gaining: A COR Perspective of Organizational and Occupational Identifications

Drawing on the multiple identities research and conservation of resources (COR) theory, this research investigates both a losing and a gaining effect of dual identifications (i.e., employees’ simultaneous identification with organization and occupation). In particular, we introduce two important but unrecognized characteristics—the commensurateness and aggregation of the strength of organizational and occupational identifications and explain how a high commensurateness will drain employees’ vigor resources, while a high aggregation will replenish employees’ social support resources. We additionally examine how identity conflict will moderate the relationships between dual identifications and vigor/social support resources, and how these two types of resources will further mediate the relationships between dual identifications and three important individual outcomes (i.e., job performance, organizational citizenship behaviors, and subjective well-being). We used a multi-wave, multi-source survey study to test our hypotheses. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

P094 Occupation and work productivity in individuals with early inflammatory arthritis: results from the National Early Inflammatory Arthritis Audit

Abstract Background/Aims To continue working, work in the same occupation or work the same number of hours is one of the most important outcomes for individuals with inflammatory arthritis but is often diminished during the very early phases of disease. Our objectives were to describe occupation and work status in individuals with early inflammatory arthritis (EIA) from the National Early Inflammatory Arthritis Audit (NEIAA) and assess the impact of occupation and treatment response on work disability. Methods NEIAA is an observational cohort of adults with newly diagnosed EIA seen in rheumatology services in England and Wales between May 2018 and March 2020. Self-reported occupation was coded using the UK Standard Occupational Classification and classified using the National Statistics Socio-Economic Classification (NS-SEC). Work disability was assessed at diagnosis, 3 months, and 12 months, using the work productivity and activity impairment (WPAI) score, with absenteeism data dichotomized between those who reported any sick-leave and those who did not. Multilevel mixed-effects linear regression models were used to examine associations between occupation and WPAI score at baseline and over 12 months. Variables for adjustment were decided a priori and included only age and sex. Results There were 12,663 individuals with EIA, with 5999 (48%) in paid work defined as greater than 20 hours per week. Occupation data were available for 3720 individuals, with the highest proportion of patients in lower managerial, administrative, professional (n = 773) and semi-routine (n = 761) roles. At diagnosis, 171 patients (4.7%) had stopped work and 336 (9.2%) had changed jobs because of their EIA. Absenteeism was reported by 685 patients (29.5%). Compared to the higher managerial, administration and professional occupation group, the other occupational types demonstrated a greater level of productivity loss due to presenteeism and overall work impairment. Individuals in semi routine and routine occupations were more likely to stop work due to EIA. In the 12 months after diagnosis, absenteeism, presenteeism and overall impairment improved across all occupations. Achieving a good EULAR response at 3 months, but not occupational type, was associated with improvement in work outcomes over time (p value <0.001). Conclusion Work disability is prevalent in individuals with EIA at diagnosis, with variation across occupation types. In the first 12 months after diagnosis improvements in all work outcomes are seen, with the greatest change in those who achieve a good EULAR response. Disclosure K. Bechman: None. E. Cook: None. A. Houssien: None. P. Amlani-Hatcher: None. J. Ledingham: None. J. Galloway: Consultancies; Sanofi, Novartis, Pfizer, Janssen, UCB. Grants/research support; Eli Lilly. K. Walker-Bone: None.

Neurostructural correlates of work-related risk propensity (WRP): The PCC gray matter volume mediates the impact of extraversion on WRP

An increasing number of studies have focused on the predictors of work-related risk propensity (WRP) for its effect on some important individual outcomes (e.g., creativity) in organizational settings. Although prior studies have confirmed strong associations between the Big Five traits (BF) and WRP, the neuro-anatomical basis of WRP and the effects of BF on WRP-linking brain structure variations remain unclear. Using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis based on structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI), we explored the association between WRP and the cortical gray matter volume (GMV) variations in 178 full-time employed participants. Results of whole-brain regression revealed that higher WRP related to greater GMV in the left posterior cingulate cortex (LPCC). Furthermore, mediation analyses showed that LPCC GMV was a mediator in the linkage of BF (only extraversion) with WRP, even after adjusting for control variables. Overall, this study provides novel insights for the neuro-anatomical underpinnings of WRP and reveals an underlying indirect effect of brain gray matter structure on the link between BF and WRP.

Socio-economic inequality and academic match among post-compulsory education participants

The paper investigates socio-economic gaps in the match between student quality and upper-secondary qualification quality using detailed individual-level linked administrative data from schools, colleges and tax authorities in England. Academic match is identified using a continuous measure defining undermatched, matched and overmatched students based on the distance between each student’s attainment in age 16 high-stake examinations and the median attainment of students who achieved a similar academic or vocational qualification. Students from socially disadvantaged backgrounds are found to be more likely to be exposed to academic undermatch compared to their more advantaged peers and this effect is greater among the highest achieving students. The paper demonstrates that among the highest achieving students, 20% of the identified socio-economic gap in academic match can be explained by geographic differences, such as district deprivation and local Further Education opportunities. Further, the dominant 60% of the gap can be explained by differences in the school composition that students from differing backgrounds attend, such as the proportion of high achieving students and the proportion of disadvantaged students. Finally, although the effect of academic match in upper-secondary education on important individual outcomes, including university participation and labour market performance, in terms of earnings and employment probabilities at age 25, is imprecise, there are clear indications about the detrimental effect of academic undermatch on all these outcomes.

The role of dance/movement therapy in the treatment of negative symptoms in schizophrenia: a mixed methods pilot study

Background: Optimizing psychosocial functioning by reducing the severity of negative symptoms are important outcomes for individuals with schizophrenia. Movement-based interventions could be uniquely capable of addressing the non-verbal nature of negative symptoms.Aims: To examine the treatment effects of a 10-week group dance/movement therapy program on negative symptoms and psychosocial functioning of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia.Methods: A mixed methods intervention design (with explanatory intent) was used in which a randomized controlled trial was followed by semi-structured exit interviews. Participants diagnosed with schizophrenia (N = 31) were randomized to two conditions: treatment as usual (TAU) and dance/movement therapy (DMT). Before and after the program participants reported on negative symptoms and psychosocial functioning outcomes. Fifteen participants completed interviews.Results: Quantitative data showed no improvement nor worsening of clinical status in the DMT group. Qualitative data suggested that participation in DMT had a physical impact, resulted in enhanced interpersonal connectivity, sense of integration, emotional support, and symptom management.Conclusions: Qualitative but not quantitative findings suggest that DMT has potential to enhance psychosocial functioning and to reduce severity of negative symptoms for schizophrenia.

Exploring the differential impact of work passion on life satisfaction and job performance via the work–family interface

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of work passion on life satisfaction and job performance through a work–life conflict path and a work–life enrichment path. The authors also consider individual and contextual factors under which these relationships are affected. Implications for researchers and HR practitioners are highlighted. Design/methodology/approach The conceptual paper draws mainly on conservation of resources theory to explore the differential impact of work passion on the work–life interface and, consequently, on life satisfaction and job performance. Findings The authors theorize how two types of passion – harmonious and obsessive – relate to both work–family conflict and work–family enrichment. Given the emphasis on resources in these relationships, the authors also consider the moderating effects of psychological detachment and a supportive work–family organizational culture. Finally, the authors demonstrate the significant impact of studying the passion/work–family relationship by illustrating its effects on two important outcomes for individuals and organizations, namely life satisfaction and job performance. Originality/value Although the study of work passion is gaining attention from management scholars, little research has examined its influence on job performance and the work–life interface. This paper advances the authors’ knowledge in these areas. Furthermore, the authors argue the importance of considering both the individual and organizational contexts wherein the experience of work passion plays out.

Status Loss: The Burden of Positively Selected Immigrants

Immigrants experience an ambiguous social position: on the one hand, they tend to be positively selected on resources from the origin country; on the other, they often occupy the lower rungs of the status ladder in receiving countries. This study explores the implications of this ambiguity for two important individual outcomes: subjective social status and perceived financial situation. We study the diverse sample of immigrants in the European Social Survey and use the fact that, due to country differences in educational distributions, a given education level can entail a very different rank in the sending and receiving countries. We document a robust relationship whereby immigrants who ranked higher in the origin than in the destination country see themselves as being comparatively worse off. This finding suggests that the social position before migration provides an important reference point by which immigrants judge their success in the new country.

F239. THE ROLE OF DANCE/MOVEMENT THERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF NEGATIVE SYNDROME AND PSYCHOSOCIAL FUNCTIONING OF PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA: RESULT FROM A PILOT MIXED METHODS INTERVENTION STUDY WITH EXPLANATORY INTENT

BackgroundOptimizing psychosocial functioning and overall well-being by reducing the severity of negative symptoms are important outcomes for individuals with schizophrenia. Movement-based therapeutic approaches are uniquely capable of addressing the non-verbal nature of negative symptoms. Dance/Movement Therapy (DMT), a promising treatment for mental health conditions such as schizophrenia, has been found to reduce the occurrence and severity of negative symptoms and to have a positive impact on the psychosocial functioning. Although preliminary findings suggest DMT as a treatment intervention, limited research and inconclusive findings preclude generalizations and more research is needed. We aimed to examine the treatment effects of a 10-week (20 sessions) group DMT treatment program.MethodsWe employed a mixed methods intervention design with explanatory intent, in which a randomized controlled trial is followed by semi-structured exit interviews. Thirty-one severely ill individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia participated in the RCT that used a two-arm parallel group design to assess and show the difference between patients receiving standard care (SC) and patients receiving standard care plus DMT on measures of negative symptoms (as primary outcome; PANSS, BNSS) and psychosocial functioning (as secondary outcomes; WHO-DAS 2.0, SDS). Quantitative measures were taken pre and post- intervention. Participants who participated in a minimum of 50% of DMT sessions (n=15) were invited to an exit interview. This criterion was also used to analyze quantitative data, leaving n=28 for quantitative analysis.ResultsAll participants in both groups (n=31) completed the study. Because of such a small sample size (n=28) and a pilot nature of the study we were restricted to use descriptive statistics.The quantitative data suggest that DMT and SC were not equally effective in enhancing primary outcomes. Analysis of the PANSS mean score changes showed a slight increase in the negative symptom in the DMT from 28.33 ± 4.76 to 29.00 ± 4.10, and slight decrease in the SC from 28.92 ± 5.72 to 27.08 ± 5.64. BNSS scores indicate that both groups improved. SC participants reported grater reduction on BNSS overal score from 53.31 ± 11.48 to 47.77 ± 8.10 in comparison to DMT from 53.07 ± 7.27 to 51.93 ± 6.18. However, DMT participants reported reduction of symptoms in distress, antisocial activity, avolition and verbal expression.Analysis of WHO-DAS suggests that DMT was effective in reduction of disability severity compared to SC. DMT participants reported grater improvement in cognition, mobility, self-care, and getting along. Both groups reported reduction of the impact of difficulties on daily functioning on SDS, however DMT participants reported a greater reduction in days during which they were completely unable to perform or had to limit their usual activities or work due to symptoms. In the SC, the results suggest a reduction in the number of days lost and days of lower productivity.Qualitative findings identified participants’ experiences and the most important themes related to benefits of the DMT intervention: enhanced activation, motivation, socialization, and self-awareness.DiscussionResults of this study contribute to knowledge about body-based interventions for schizophrenia and indicate that DMT had an effect on participants psychosocial functioning and coping with negative symptoms. Integration of quantitative and qualitative data provides a wider perspective by gaining a better understanding of the treatment outcomes and explaining inconclusive results. Findings of this study set the stage for larger fully powered research, examining intervention methods and procedures, as well as treatment effects, more thoroughly.

Higher education employees’ self-assessment of person–organization fit: the role of work conditions and job satisfaction

In the public sector, the relationships between person–organization (P–O) fit and important individual outcomes, such as work performance and turnover intention, are well established in the literature. However, substantially less research has focused on the structural factors and mechanisms through which job incumbents may experience subjective P–O fit. In particular, in higher education, the types of hierarchy observed in traditional organizations are less visible in the ways in which faculty collaborate with others. Thus, greater effort to understand the role(s) played by contextual factors (e.g. physical settings) in job incumbents’ perception of organizational fit in higher education is clearly warranted. Therefore, we propose and test a multiple mediation model to examine the role(s) of perceived job-related (autonomy and role clarity), supervisor-related (leader support), and organization-related (communication, procedural justice, and distributive justice) work conditions on affective attitude (job satisfaction), which in turn influences job incumbents’ evaluation of P–O fit. The findings indicate that work conditions significantly and consistently contributed indirectly, rather than directly, to higher education employees developing positive perceptions of P–O fit, as a result of developing an affective attitude. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Adaptation of the Four Forms of Employee Silence Scale in a Polish sample

<b>Background</b><br /> Silence is understood as a decision not to speak up in situations of observed irregularities both in productivity and ethics. The study examined the validity of the Four Forms of Employee Silence Scale (FFESS) in the Polish population. The scale is a four-factor measure designed to capture differently motivated tendencies to be silent in organizations. The scale distinguishes acquiescent, quiescent, prosocial and opportunistic silence. Employee silence has been linked to many important individual outcomes: failure to react to ethical transgressions, stress and depression, and lower creativity and productivity.<br /> <br /> <b>Participants and procedure</b><br /> A total of 1044 employees of various organizations working for at least six months at a given position provided the responses for the validation study.<br /> <br /> <b>Results</b><br /> The results confirmed the superiority of the four-factor model shown by adequate fit indexes: The FFESS has adequate internal consistency at both the scale and item levels. The criterion-related validity of the scale was established by correlating four forms of silence with measures of emotional attitude toward organization, procedural justice, relational contract and turnover intention.<br /> <br /> <b>Conclusions</b><br /> The four forms of employee silence are empirically distinct concepts in the Polish sample. The scale may be used as the measurement of individual differences. It can also serve as a tool for diagnosing a climate of silence in an organization.