Importance Of Ukraine Research Articles

The importance of Ukraine in the process of ensuring the energy security of Central European countries in the political thought of Polish political parties during the Russian-Ukrainian war. Selected issues

Ukraine has played an extremely important role in ensuring the energy security of Central European countries over the years, mainly due to its position as a transit state. Past energy crises (2006, 2009) have affected the perception of the country in Europe and led to Russian-German energy projects that reduce the level of regional security (e.g., Nord Stream 1, Nord Stream 2). In Poland, various political parties (Law and Justice, Civic Platform, the Left Party, Polish People’s Party) have referred differently to regional cooperation and the function Ukraine might offer in this type of process. In this context, the aim of the article was to analyse the political thought of selected Polish parliamentary parties regarding the importance of Ukraine in ensuring the energy security of Central European countries during Russia’s armed attack on Ukraine in 2022. The starting point of the analyses was the general thesis that political parties in Poland treated Ukraine as a key state in efforts to limit the negatively perceived energy policy of the Russian Federation in the region.

COMPETITIVENESS OF THE POLISH AGRI-FOOD PRODUCTS IN THE EXPORT TO THE WORLD MARKET

The aim of the article is to assess the competitiveness of the Polish agri-food products in exports to the world market in 2018-2022. The study analysed the value, rate of change, structure and main directions of exports and imports of agri-food products (excluding beverages). Three quantitative indicators characterising export competitiveness were also used: market share, import export coverage and intra-industry trade. The source of the data was the United Nations database UN COMTRADE. The Standard International Trade Classification (SITC Rev 3) at the two-digit level was used. The time scope of the research covered the years 2018-2022. The research shows that in the analysed period, there was a clear increase in the value of food exports from Poland, which resulted in an improved market share and promotion in the ranking of global food exporters. Germany was the largest trading partner. A decrease in the importance of the UK and Russia in exports and an increase in the importance of Ukraine in food imports were observed. The meat and meat products department was characterised by the highest export competitiveness on the world market.

Історична політика Російської православної церкви щодо України як складова неоімперської геополітики Росії

The purpose of the study is to identify and analyze the main historical narratives of the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC), to fi nd out the interpretations of Ukrainian history as the ideological basis of Russian geopolitics of the integration of the post-Soviet space and the incorporation of Ukraine, to show the use of the historical policy of the ROC as an argument for the legitimization of the war against Ukraine. Th e methodological foundation of the research is the principles of objectivity, historicism, systematicity, and comprehensiveness. The methods of analysis and synthesis as well as problem-chronological, historical-genetic, and historical- comparative methods have been used. Th e scientifi c novelty lies in the fact that, for the fi rst time, the article examines the problem of the Russian Orthodox Church’s use of historical policy to form an ideological basis for the implementation of the neo-imperial geopolitical doctrine of the absorption of Ukraine by Russia. Conclusions. Th e ideologues of the original “Russian civilization” and “Russian world” are used as the theoretical foundation of Russian foreign policy towards Ukraine and as a rationale for the current geopolitical confrontation with the Western world. Th e historical policy of the Russian Orthodox Church is based on the promotion of the interconnected concepts of “Holy Rus”, “historical Rus”, and “historical Russia”, which imply the large civilizational space of the “Russian world”, of which Ukraine is an integral part. Th e importance of Ukraine in the historiosophical constructions of the Russian Orthodox Church is determined by the fact that the origins of Russian Orthodox spirituality and statehood are connected with the territory of modern Ukraine. Therefore, together with the Kremlin, the Russian Orthodox Church implements the neo-imperial geopolitical project of “the Russkiy Mir (“the Russian World”), aimed at restoring the Russian superpower and integrating the post-So- viet space”. Its ideological foundation is the historical-religious concept of “Holy Russia”, which implies the absorption of Ukraine by Russia. The claims of the Russian Orthodox Church about the entry of Ukraine into “historical Rus” and, accordingly, into “historical Russia”, the statements about one people, one faith, and a common state, insisting on the canonicality of the Russian Orthodox Church over the terri- tory of Ukraine – all these are the basis of the justifi cation that denies the separate identity of Ukrainians, the legitimacy of the autocephaly of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine, the right to the existence of the Ukrainian state and gives reasons to assert that the common past determines the common future. These arguments have become the rationale for Russian geopolitical expan- sion and aggression against Ukraine.

Protection of the rights of consumers of financial services in conditions of martial law

Oleksandr Anatoliiovych MATSAK The article discusses in detail the mechanism for ensuring the protection of the rights of consumers of financial services. The importance of prudential regulation is pointed out, the purpose of which is to preserve the strong financial position and capacity of financial institutions and the system. The aggression of the Russian Federation in 2022 caused great damage, therefore the importance of Ukraine's cooperation with the European Union, other states and international banks to ensure the protection of the rights of Ukrainians is indicated. The importance of a quick response of the state to the realities of today through the adoption of emergency legal acts is emphasized. The National Bank of Ukraine liquidated a number of systemically important banks that were under the leadership of the Russian Federation, which led to certain difficulties, which were discussed in detail in the article. Many ways of protecting and supporting consumers of financial services were noted, including: cancellation of fees for international transfers, introduction of the "cash at the counter" service, and support of the International Financial Fund. Next, the mechanism of implementation of the policy on the protection of the rights of consumers of financial services was considered. The protection of the rights of consumers of financial services, who are military personnel, is analyzed in detail. It is indicated that consideration of cases regarding the protection of the rights of consumers of financial services, where one of the parties is a serviceman, is subject to suspension until the end of martial law. It is also noted on the prohibition of forced demand for repayment of overdue debt for servicemen and their family members. The process of liquidation of systemically important banks and the impact on consumers of these banks' services is analyzed. It was noted that the state guarantees the return of funds to depositors, but not all funds can be returned, which sometimes causes indignation. The conclusion emphasizes that in the conditions of martial law, legislation on the protection of the rights of consumers of financial services quickly adapts to new realities and copes with its own tasks.

Prawa człowieka w polityce zagranicznej Ukrainy. O wartościach liberalnych w czasach pokoju i wojny

The aim of this article is an attempt to present the process of implementation of the human rights issue in Ukraine’s foreign policy since 2014, when, as a result of the Revolution of Dignity, the pro-European direction of the country’s development was clearly declared as a final liberation from the colonial influence of Russia. The hypothesis of the presented considerations assumes that the European path of development and the construction of a human rights protection system based on European models is the basis for the internationalization of human rights issues in Ukraine’s foreign policy and is important in building an international coalition against Russian aggression. The specificity of the discussed topic required turning to the theory of classical realism, the theory of the state’s foreign policy and the liberal theory. To achieve the outlined goal, discourse analysis and political and legal analysis were used. This article is based on the analysis of monographs and scientific articles on human rights issues, attention has been paid to selected documents of Ukrainian legislation on foreign policy, the importance of Ukraine’s Foreign Policy Strategy of 2021 has been particularly emphasized, selected resolutions and other documents of international organizations have also been taken into account, which relate to the issue of human rights in Ukraine, the current events and their impact on the level of activity of Ukraine’s foreign policy in the field of human rights were taken into account. On the basis of the presented considerations, it can be concluded that the threat to state security, which is war, does not exclude active actions in foreign policy to protect human rights and freedoms, including Ukraine taking a firm stance in defense of liberal values.

Editorial Introduction

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PROFESSIONAL ACCOUNTING AND AUDITING ORGANIZATIONS IN EUROPE

Background. Accounting and auditing play an important role in ensuring an efficient and sustainable economy. This is facilitated by the introduction of a system of common standards and approaches, coordination and supervision, support and harmonization by professional organizations. The aim of the article is to determine the role of professional organizations in the field of accounting and auditing in Europe, the characteristics of the tasks and results of their activities, the importance of Ukraine's membership in European professional organizations. Materials and methods. During the study, the methodological basis of general and special methods of cognition: grouping, comparison, abstraction, generalization, analysis, synthesis, induction, system approach is used. Results. Professional organizations in Europe assist member states in their efforts to implement international standards, codes of ethics and best practices to harmonize and improve the reporting of enterprises, improve financial stability, promote international and domestic investment, and social and economic progress. This is achieved through the exchange of experiences, proposals and best practices, the formation of a common vision in the development of guidelines, standards and assistance and support in matters relating to accounting, financial reporting, auditing, consulting services. A significant role is played by Accountancy Europe, which lobbies the professionalinterests of accountants at European level in order to better harmonize accounting practices in Europe. Conclusion. The main role of professional organizations in the field of accounting and auditing is to protect the public interest, improve the efficiency, effectiveness, transparency and accountability of business, increase the relevance, reputation and value of the accounting profession, dissemination of best practices. International investors with global investment need quality, transparent, reliable and comparable information on companies 'activities on climate and other environmental, social and management issues, confidence in the conclusions and confidence in the reliability of the auditors' opinions. That is why the role of professional organizations in the field of accounting and auditing is relevant today and will grow in the future for Ukraine, Europe and the world.

Ukraine’s European Integration and Its Current Challenges

The article shows the importance of Ukraine’s development within the framework of the European integration project. A positive impact of European integration on Ukraine’s development dynamics has been revealed. European integration accelerated after signing and implementing the European Union-Ukraine Association Agreement 2014. The main achievements of Ukraine’s European integration are related to the improvement of its institutions, as well as the growth of trade between Ukraine and the EU. It is found out the most serious challenges of European integration of Ukraine are related to the problems of economic growth, deindustrialization, foreign trade structural distortions, macro-financial stability, as well as the slowdown in a convergence between Ukraine and the EU. It is stated that Ukraine needs to restructure its national economy in line with the European and global context.

The Activities of Ukraine's Foreign Policy Authorities in the UN and International Courts to Counter Russian Hybrid Aggression

The necessity of effective counteraction to the existing hybrid threats is substantiated. It presupposes the necessity of improvement and modernization of the foreign policy of the state. The importance of Ukraine’s active participation in the UN and the use of its potential in the face of external aggression are emphasized. It is mentioned in almost all key state documents in the field of foreign policy and defense. The purpose of the study is to identify the main achievements and shortcomings in the activities of foreign policy authorities of Ukraine to implement public policy in a hybrid war at the UN and international courts in the period 2014-2020. The activity of Ukrainian delegations in the UN General Assembly, UN Security Council, UN International Court of Justice, UN International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, Permanent Court of Arbitration, International Criminal Court, European Court of Human Rights on protection of national sovereignty is considered and analyzed, rights and freedoms of citizens of Ukraine in the conditions of hybrid aggression of the Russian Federation. The effectiveness of the tactics of appealing to international courts to use the mechanism of temporary measures as a means of stopping violations of human rights and freedoms and crimes against humanity, defining the jurisdiction of the defendant. The activity of the Ukrainian delegations to the UN, the adoption of UN GA resolutions on Ukraine, the possible options for overcoming the veto mechanism in the UN Security Council are analyzed. It was found that the Government of Ukraine gradually developed a systematic approach to combating hybrid aggression in the foreign policy sphere, which was characterized by the coordination of actions of various agencies in the international arena. The implementation of the government’s human rights project “Legal Confrontation of Ukraine against the Russian Federation” has a special legitimizing significance of its actions.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ІНФРАСТРУКТУРНОГО СЕРЕДОВИЩА МЕД В УМОВАХ ГЛОБАЛІЗАЦІЇ

The article considers the features and a structure of the infrastructural environment of the international economic activity in the context of globalization. The importance of Ukraine is revealed in the formation of the international transport corridors. The priority directions of increasing competitiveness of Ukraine's transport infrastructure have been identified on the world market.

ЕПІСТОЛЯРНА СПАДЩИНА І. КАРПЕНКА-КАРОГО ЯК ФОРМА ВИРАЖЕННЯ АВТОРСЬКОЇ ПОЗИЦІЇ

The article deals with special epistolary as ways of artistic expression of I. Karpenko-Kary’s author’s position. Private letters of writers are considered, author’s points of view in the world are revealed. Based on the analysis, we can say that the letters of I. Karpenko-Kary contain important interesting material for understanding the psychological portrait and creativity of the playwright. The author’s views expressed in the letters can be grouped as follows: philosophical (views on the meaning of human life, harmony, work, its importance in human life); literary and artistic (views on famous contemporaries, attitudes to cultural events, the importance of translation, evaluation of their own theatrical and literary activities); national (views on the native language, the importance of Ukraine, the role of education for youth). Research of the writer’s epistolary allows delving into the artist’s creative laboratory. The analysis of the author’s visions of the world, expressed in letters, helps to reveal the character of the author and serves as a form of expression of literary-critical assessments of his own work and activities of the cultural process in Ukraine in the late nineteenth – early twentieth century. According to I. KarpenkoKary’s correspondence, the playwright was an active participant in this process.

ЕКОНОМЕТРИКА НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ ТА ОБОРОНИ УКРАЇНИ

The article provides the importance of Ukraine's economic development to ensure national security, highlights the main internal and external threats to Ukraine's national security, such as: hybrid economic war, the "needle" of loans from the International Monetary Fund, communal tariffs, opening the gas market in Ukraine, inefficient introduction of the circulation of domestic agricultural lands and insufficient use of the capabilities of the country's economy. The cyclical nature of economic development is practically proved by distinguishing four phases of economic development of the studied countries for the last ten years, weak efficiency of economic policy of Ukraine and possible applied mechanisms of economic growth. An econometric analysis of GDP of Ukraine and countries that occupy the largest share in Ukrainian imports of goods, the budget of Ukraine and the budget of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine using the method of least squares and even linear regressions, calculated the intensity of changes in Ukraine's economic processes. The model of gross domestic product of Ukraine depending on the gross domestic product of China, Poland, Russia, Turkey, Germany, Italy, Belarus, the United States and France (nine-factor model), as well as the model of Ukraine's defense budget depending on the domestic gross domestic product product, budget expenditures, taxes, minimum and average wages and inflation (seven-factor model). On the example of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine as a public sector institution, the registration algorithm for economic (additional) activities by military units and the distribution of revenues to increase the special fund of the state budget of Ukraine and create recovery of the country economy in general.

ІСТОРИЧНІ АСПЕКТИ ВІЙСЬКОВО-ТЕХНІЧНОГО СПІВРОБІТНИЦТВА УКРАЇНА – НАТО НА СУЧАСНОМУ ЕТАПІ

The article analyzes the history of the development of military-technical cooperation between Ukraine and NATO as one of the defining areas of international military partnership. Taking into account specific historical circumstances and external aggression by the Russian Federation, the importance of Ukraine’s military-technical cooperation with partner countries for the implementation of political goals and objectives of the state for the development of defense industry and national security is emphasized. Ukraine faced new types of threats in all spheres of the state’s life, in the military in particular, which required active assistance from partner countries. The realities of the hybrid war, which has targeted our country, require new approaches to ensuring the state sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ukraine, including by strengthening military partnerships with the European Union and the United States. In modern geopolitical, socio-economic, international legal, military-political conditions, the nature, forms and directions of Ukraine’s military partnership need to be rethought and clarified. Today, Ukraine’s military cooperation with NATO is of a strategic nature, the tasks of which can be grouped into four key areas: maintaining military-political dialogue; assistance in reforming and developing the Armed Forces of Ukraine; ensuring contribution to international security and peacekeeping; defense and technical cooperation. As a result of this study, NATO membership will open new opportunities for Ukraine’s competitive defense industries and lay the foundation for military-technical cooperation at the international level. In this context, the myth that Ukraine’s accession to NATO will involve the collapse of Ukraine’s defense industry through the introduction of new NATO military standards, requirements for rearmament for our army is completely eliminated.

АНАЛІЗ ПОЗИЦІЙ УКРАЇНИ НА СВІТОВОМУ РИНКУ ЗЕРНА

В статті проведено дослідження стану позицій України на світовому ринку зерна за останні 5 років. Одночасно відмітимо, що Україна має одні з найбільш сприятливих умов у світі для вирощування зернових культур. Значні площі земельних ресурсів високої якості та сприятливі кліматичні умови визначають визнаний високий експортний потенціал сільського господарства для міжнародної торгівлі. Саме в цих аспектах відображається актуальність обраної теми наукових досліджень даної публікації.
 Проведені дослідження підтверджують, що зерновий ринок України глибоко інтегрований у світовий аграрний ринок. Частка виробництва зернових України у загальному світовому виробництві зернових за 2015-2019 рр. коливалась в межах 3%, а сама Україна входить в десятку країн-лідерів виробників зернових культур. Що стосується експорту зернових культур, то його частка за 2015-2019 рр. коливалась від 10,7% до 13,6%. У 2019 році Україна увійшла до ТОП-5 експортерів зернових культур.
 Позиції України на світовому ринку зерна зростатимуть і в майбутньому, оскільки зростатиме попит і країна має значний нереалізований виробничий потенціал, який визначається такими двома чинниками, як майже вдвічі нижчі показники врожайності основних зернових культур, ніж у інших країн-лідерів та найвищі показники у світі родючості українських земель. Основними перспективними напрямами підвищення конкурентоспроможності вітчизняного зерна на світовому ринку є ріст обсягів виробництва зерна та зростання його урожайності за рахунок залучення іноземних інвестицій для оновлення матеріально-технічної бази; покращення якості зерна і поглиблення його переробки; оптимізація землеволодіння та землекористування; подальший розвиток ринкової інфраструктури; раціональне державне регулювання, подолання корупції на зерновому ринку.

The importance of Ukraine’s political and economic relationship with the United Arab Emirates for the Lublin Triangle

The presented research paper demonstrates the dynamic development of political and economic relations between Ukraine and the United Arab Emirates as well as their importance for projects involving the implementation of the Lublin Triangle. The results and findings of the research show that without taking into account the state-owned company from Dubai DP World, the success of the strategic cooperation between Ukraine, Poland, and Lithuania in transportation, as well as in the energy sector, will be limited. For this reason, it is necessary to include the Emirate company in some projects of the Lublin Triangle. Moreover, strategic alliances of the United Arab Emirates with states and international organizations of the Euro-Atlantic community, including the European Union and the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, should be noted. In this context, the strategic importance of the UAE’s partnership with Central and Eastern Europe should be taken into account. Moreover, a close, deep alliance with the United Arab Emirates will contribute to increasing the impact of the Lublin Triangle states on transatlantic partners. In addition, the UAE, being an economic and trade hub where the interests of Europe, the United States of America, the Middle East, Africa and Asia intersect, can contribute to increasing the role of Central and Eastern Europe in the global dimension. The Emirati company DP World is one of the largest global corporations, with around 150 branches in the world and working for seaports, terminals, industrial parks, logistics and economic zones. So, this Emirati economic entity has great potential in ensuring Central and Eastern Europe an effective supply chain and stable development of trade in the upcoming increasingly aggressive economic wars.

UKRAINE’S LANDS as an IMPORTANT FACTOR of the DEVELOPMENT of TRADE and GEOPOLITICAL CONTACTS according to the DATA from ARABOGRAPHIC WRITTEN SOURCES

The purpose of the study: to analise the historical conditions of rising and development of trade routes, as well as the geopolitical processes during 16th­­­‒18th centuries between the countries of the historicogeographic areal from the Baltic Sea to the Black Sea, which are referred to in Arabic and Turkish-Ottoman written sources. Implementation of the set up purpose has been achieved by observing the general theoretical and methodical principles of Historiography and Source Studies aimed at provision of defining the specific features of that development. The Methodology of the study is based on the principles of providing the historism, scientific objectivity, a specific historical systematicity, and also on the interdisciplinarity principle and the principle of identification of the authenticity and informational value of the data and facts having been found. While making this study there were applied general historical methods of making a historiographical, terminological, typological and textologic analyses, and also the comparativistics method. The academic novelty of the study is perception of the Historiosophy of Ukraine’s History in the context of intercivilisational relations demonstrated by setting up in the said historiogeographical area of a great trade route, and primarily the socio-economic and geopolitical processes having taken place in Ukraine during the above said time, as well as that of the military and political situation all along during that period in the Northern Black-Sea Area and the situation in the Crimean Ulus, though the author’s interpretation of the historic events while taking into consideration the data available in Arabic and Turkish-Ottoman written sources. The Conclusions. Studies of Arabic, and particularly Turkish-Osman written sources give us grounds to state that in the Medieval times the port cities of Yumne and Constantinople were important trade markets, particularly the traded goods were transported along the rivers of Dnieper and Danube. But the city managed to keep its importance in the system of the international trading. The importance of Ukraine’s geopolitical situation within the system of international trade relations was ac counted for by the fact, that through its territory trade route were set which provided stable and long-lasting economic relations between the most influential ports and countries of Eastern Europe northwards of the Black Sea. The Baltic cultural and historic region that included the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, was connected with the Black Sea through the territory of Ukraine. The economic crisis, which lasted in the Ottoman Empire till the beginning of the 17th century, in the Northern Black-Sea Area new political forces emerged which before that had been in the vassal dependence and used by the great states within their own contact zones for a close economic, cultural and military cooperation of the border countries. Those border forces were, from one side ­– the Crimean Khanate, and from the other side ₋ The Zaporozhian Host. Our study has shown that the Ukrainian problem has always been an actual item in the international policy of the High Porte. We have studied the original manuscript “A Letter-Order from Turkish Sultan Andulkhamid І to the Kadee of the city of Izmir”. The data we have obtained from this document proved the economic relations between the countries located within the above said historicogeographical areals to have been long-lasting, and there have also been identified conditions, in which the trade relations between these countries had been developing, and the routes having been set up through the territory of Ukraine.

Економізація зовнішньої політики незалежної України

The article reveals the essential characteristics of the economization of Ukraine’s foreign policy, the stages of its formation. It turns out that the world’s leading countries have a long history of foreign policy economization, which is based on the postulate of ensuring economic growth and promoting prosperity as its main goal. The formation of the principles of economic policy of foreign institutions of Ukraine is a combination of Soviet traditions and patterns of world practice. Emphasis is placed on the negative impact of the multi-vector foreign policy of Ukraine’s main actors on its economization. It is argued that economic diplomacy is in a constant process of reform, which is not always consistent, which negatively affects its effectiveness. Attention is focused on the importance of Ukraine’s cooperation with international organizations in the context of the armed conflict in the East and the sharp reduction of export-import operations with Russia. The problems of functioning of the institute of economic diplomacy are covered: the presence of competition of foreign policy and foreign economic departments of Ukraine, the absence of diplomats – qualified managers of foreign economic activity, lack of funding, staff reduction.It is concluded that in the context of globalization the role of the social function of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine and its diplomatic corps, which is to provide information and legal protection of Ukrainian citizens abroad, is growing. It is necessary to actively create the institution of "non-state diplomacy". Foreign economic institutions need to provide maximum assistance to exporters of high valueadded products. The pro-government circles of Ukraine do not always have the understanding or desire to understand that the powerful economic component of our state’s foreign policy and the effective economic diplomacy that embodies it are a significant contribution to the power of Ukraine’s economy and its national security. The issue of the separation of functions of pro-government institutions remains largely unresolved, primarily with regard to the powers of the administration / office of the President and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Ukraine’s successful export expansion should be based on more fundamental systemic tools than the adopted Export Strategy. There is an urgent need not only to preserve but also to improve the overall foreign policy strategy, to strengthen its priorities and basic principles. &nbsp

NATIONAL BRAND AS A INDICATOR OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE

Objectives. The article is devoted to the disclosure of the essence of national brand as one of the indicators of social and economic development of Ukraine. The basic means that contribute to the formation of a higher level of efficiency of the national economy and popularization of Ukraine in the international market are determined.Methods. To solve the problems the importance of Ukraine's participation in exhibitions and fairs is justified, as well as developing a promotional tourist ticket is suggested.. This will make it possible to better promote the national brand of Ukraine as a tourist country, to provide a higher level of awareness of foreign consumers about the offerings of tourism services market participants.Results. The main aspects and elements of the national brand, its indicators that influence the socio-economic development of Ukraine are investigated in this scientific article. The author of the article revealed some factors that could create problems in building a national brand of Ukraine. The author proposes to expand the promotional tourist ticket and implement a pilot project on its practical use, that is fundamentally new, which was not before,. This will ensure greater incidence of foreign tourists in Ukraine and will be able to purchase tourist services. The introduction of a pilot project on the use of promotional tourism tickets will increase the demand for travel services also on the domestic market of Ukraine.Scientific novelty. The development of a promotional tourist ticket, identification of its types, harmonization of payment forms and price policy formation, and the list of tourist objects for display will positively influence the formation of the national brand of Ukraine and will determine the higher level of its socio-economic development.Practical significance. The introduction of proposed practical measures and the creation of coordinated marketing communication processes between the participants of the tourist services market and government structures will provide a higher level of attractiveness of the Ukrainian national brand. This will allow to gain new competitive advantages in the social and economic development of Ukraine and to create a more favourable tourist image of the world.

Effects of Training on Skill Development of Agricultural Extension Workers in Bangladesh: A Case Study in Four Upazilas (Sub-district) Under Kishoreganj District

This article concentrates on the new geopolitical role and place of Ukraine, taking into account consequences of the military conflict with Russia. After the Soviet Union collapsed, a huge transformation occurred because of the critical role and geopolitical importance of Ukraine for both Russia and the EU. The former considers it strategically important not only as a littoral state at the Black Sea that borders on several EU member states but also a transit country for Russian gas. In turn, the European Union occupies a cautious stance towards both Ukraine and Russia weighting positive and negative developments that its decisions may cause. Depending on the results of the future presidential elections, the United States might continue to pursue aims that would further irritate Russia or they will prefer to avoid actions that would risk harming Moscow’s ties with Washington.

The growing importance of Ukraine as a transit country for heroin trafficking: U.S.-Ukraine research partnership

This research was funded by the U.S.-Ukraine Research Partnership project, which began in November of 1999 when an agreement was signed between the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) and the Ukrainian Academy of Law Sciences (UALS). This partnership program was an integral part of the Gore-Kuchma Binational Commission, established in September 1996 to solidify the close ties between Ukraine and the United States. The increasingly global character of crime has created a mutual incentive for cooperation between the United States and Ukraine.