Importance Of Public Participation Research Articles

The importance of public participation in framing air pollution policy: outcome of a judicial review in New Delhi, India

SETTING: Air pollution, including particulate matter, causes health problems for residents of major cities around the world, including New Delhi, India. Public participation is important in framing policies related to such public health issues.OBJECTIVE: To study how the public’s comments on air pollution, which had been collected on the orders of the Indian Supreme Court, influenced air pollution policy in New Delhi.DESIGN: We filed a Right to Information Act, 2005 application with the Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM) to obtain a copy of the comments. These were compiled and compared with key major areas identified in the policy released by the regulatory authority.RESULTS: There were a wide range of comments from experts, residents and resident associations. In total, 115 comments were compiled and studied, and several recurring themes were found to have been incorporated into the policy. This included the need to switch to green public transport and cycling, the use of alternative fuels and reduced agricultural crop residue burning.CONCLUSION: Our study revealed that the public and experts have indeed influenced the CAQM air pollution policy. This is important, as it highlights a democratic, inclusive and stakeholder-based approach. Nonetheless, a future concern lies in how this policy is translated into actionable regulations with effective implementation in the field.

PERAN PENTING PEMILIH PEMULA DALAM PEMILU 2024

Indonesia is a country whose form of democracy is channeled through the general election system, this general election takes place every five years, where in the election event it has the LUBER JURDIL principle which means direct, general, free, confidential, honest and fair. The low understanding of young people about the importance of the role of first-time voters is the reason for us KKN-T Group 8 Students of the Faculty of Social Sciences, Political Science and Computer Science, Djuanda University to carry out a service program through political socialization. This community service program aims to provide knowledge regarding political education and provide understanding, insight, awareness and interest for young prospective voters, especially Ciawi 1 Public High School students, to exercise their right to vote in elections. This service was carried out using the method of outreach where the resource persons explained material directly regarding the existing theme, namely the important role of first-time voters in the 2024 election to students of SMAN 1 Ciawi. The results of this dedication show that political outreach is useful in increasing participation for prospective novice voters and can increase understanding, insight, and knowledge about the importance of public participation in elections.

Policy actors’ perceptions of public participation to tackle health inequalities in Scotland: a paradox?

BackgroundHealth inequalities are persistent and widening with transformative policy change needed. Radically shifting policy to tackle upstream causes of inequalities is likely to require public participation to provide a mandate, evidence and to address questions of co-design, implementation and acceptability. The aim of this paper is to explore perceptions among policy actors on why and how the public should be involved in policymaking for health inequalities.MethodsIn 2019–2020, we conducted exploratory, in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 21 Scottish policy actors from a range of public sector bodies and agencies and third sector organisations that work in, or across, health and non-health sectors. Data were analysed thematically and used to examine implications for the development of participatory policymaking.ResultsPolicy actors viewed public participation in policymaking as intrinsically valuable for democratic reasons, but the main, and more challenging, concern was with how it could affect positive policy change. Participation was seen as instrumental in two overlapping ways: as evidence to improve policies to tackle health inequalities and to achieve public acceptance for implementing more transformative policies. However, our analysis suggests a paradox: whilst policy actors place importance on the instrumental value of public participation, they simultaneously believe the public hold views about health inequalities that would prevent transformative change. Finally, despite broad agreement on the need to improve public participation in policy development, policy actors were uncertain about how to make the necessary changes due to conceptual, methodological and practical challenges.ConclusionsPolicy actors believe in the importance of public participation in policy to address health inequalities for intrinsic and instrumental reasons. Yet, there is an evident tension between seeing public participation as a route to upstream policies and a belief that public views might be misinformed, individualistic, short-term or self-interested and doubts about how to make public participation meaningful. We lack good insight into what the public think about policy solutions to health inequalities. We propose that research needs to shift from describing the problem to focusing more on potential solutions and outline a potential way forward to undertake effective public participation to tackle health inequalities.

Public Participation in the Law-Making Process in Indonesia

Participation from the general public is an essential component that must be taken into account during the legislative process. It is essential to the operation of laws in a country and includes the participation of society in the legislative process. This is particularly important in terms of the rule of law, the hierarchy of legal norms, and the operation of the law in its entirety. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the significance of public participation in the legislative process in Indonesia as well as the potential repercussions of excluding this procedure from the legislative process. For the purpose of carrying out this research, normative legal research that takes both a statutory and conceptual strategy was utilized. According to the findings, public participation offers a variety of possibilities for involvement, in accordance with the requirements of Article 96 of Law Number 11 of 2012 on the Formation of Regulations (UU P3). Due to this, the importance of public participation cannot be overstated, despite the restricted channels through which members of the public can communicate their thoughts and goals.

External Factors Impacting Residents’ Participation in Waste Sorting Using NCA and fsQCA Methods on Pilot Cities in China

Recycling waste is important as it can help to reduce environmental pollution caused by "waste siege". Source classification is an important part of the municipal solid waste (MSW) sorting process. The factors that prompt residents to participate in waste sorting have been debated by scholars in recent years; however, there are not many papers that focus on the complex relationships between them. This study reviewed the literature that concerns residents' participation in waste sorting, and it summarized the external factors that might influence residents' participation. Then, we focused on 25 pilot cities in China, and we analyzed the configuration impact of external factors on residents' participation using a necessary condition analysis (NCA) and a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). We found no consistency between variables, nor was there one single condition that caused residents to participate in waste sorting. There are two main methods (environment-driven and resource-driven) that can help achieve a high participation rate, and three methods that can cause a low participation rate. This study provides suggestions for the implementation of waste sorting in other cities in China, as well as developing countries, with an emphasis on the importance of public participation.

Особливості фінансових відносин територіальних громад в Україні

Financial provision is one of the important elements of community resource provision. There is quite a number of bases of financial resources that territorial communities can take from, therefore, for their effective use, it is advisable to classify them, establish the appropriate features, and the possibilities of use them rationally. Currently, it is important for communities to be able to form the necessary amount of financial resources that will allow them to be financially capable. Also important is the legally defined powers of communities within which they carry out their activities and use accumulated funds. The publication analyzes the peculiarities of the formation of financial relations in territorial communities of Ukraine. The corresponding shortcomings in shaping the financial capacity of communities are singled out. The sources of filling the community budget are analyzed. It is found that today the majority of territorial communities need to provide appropriate investment financing of their projects for their sustainable development. Sources of filling financial resources of territorial communities are identified. It is proved that the main financial source of the territorial budgets is the activities of small and medium-sized businesses located in communities. It is determined that for the effective implementation of measures for the socioeconomic development of communities, the principle of their autonomy in matters of budget and tax activities should be implemented. The main directions of influence of financial decentralization on the socioeconomic development of the regions is formed. Based on the identified directions of development of territorial communities, the importance of public participation in decision-making on the implementation of projects on sustainable development of communities is determined. The need to form a favorable image of the territorial community, thanks to which it is possible to attract investment funds for the implementation of community development projects, is proved.

국민참여 정책아이디어 효과성 제고를 위한 제도개선 연구

As we entered the VUCA era, problems became more diverse and complex, and it became difficult for governments and companies to solve problems with only a small number of ideas in the organization. Accordingly, the importance of public participation using cooperative governance and collective intelligence is increasing. The government has made public participation a key value of "government innovation" by announcing the "comprehensive government innovation promotion plan," and is expanding public participation opportunities by running programs to support public creative activities so that public ideas can be commercialized and policy freely.
 This study analyzed the participants' perception of importance and current satisfaction of the contest to identify the problems of the public participation idea contest process and to find ways to improve the process by prioritizing the needs, and to this end, we conducted a response sample t-test, Borich demand, and The Focus for Focus model.
 The findings are as follows. Among the step-by-step processes, the importance was significantly higher than that of satisfaction in all areas except for the promotion cooperation of ministries, similarity of ideas, and association with tasks.

Lack of public participation and good governance, who is fooling who?

This empirical paper sought to determine the lack of public participation and good governance, and to understand who is turning the blind eye on the issue. Local government municipalities have the obligation to exercise good governance, this is to ensure that there is quality service delivery and engagements between the municipalities becomes greater. Therefore, the municipalities are therefore responsible to establish the criterion for participation, transparency, adherence to the rule of law, effectiveness, equity, responsibility, accountability, and consistency. However, in the local government all these important aspects of good governance are neglected and avoided. The question of who is fooling who? Is basically an intention to point out that the idea of good governance does not have a single side but the public, the organisations and the state are included? For the good governance and the democracy of participation there must be an increase in the quality of feedback and the processes of policy formulation, and most importantly with the prevalence of participation. In the south African local government, municipalities have diluted the importance of public participation and that has caused the growing corruption scandals, protests, low service delivery and failing governments.

The Importance of Public Participation in Sustainable Solid Waste Management

This study aims to do comparative analysis of what influence the SWM in Indonesia and the Philippines. As Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) will not be achieved as long as the Solid Waste Management problem is left unsolved. Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) has become a common issue in most developing country along with the rapid urbanization development and globalization. Qualitative approach chosen to analyze literatures selected related to SWM during 2000-2020. Data obtained from previous studies in this article were analyzed by the NVivo 12 Plus. The results shown that governance and participation become the main factors affected the status of MSWM as it is mentioned in most of the previous studies in the Philippines. Which is different with the previous studies in Indonesia.

Citizen sensors for smart city planning and traffic management: crowdsourcing geospatial data through smartphones in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

With more than 84% of the population residing in cities, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is among the highly urbanized countries in the world. New strategic policies support the development of smart cities across the kingdom. Though non-availability of data is a major hurdle in the way of planning smart cities. We used a mixed method approach for this study including a qualitative review of various urban planning applications in Jeddah and worldwide in combination with a pilot survey to understand what type and mode of data reporting people prefer. Based on the initial findings a data crowdsourcing application—‘SMART JEDDH’ was developed and tested. Around 177 crowdsourced reports detecting 15 hotspots of car parking dearth, while 47 PM2.5 measurements at King Abdulaziz University campus was recorded. Results were visualized by heat maps in an open-source GIS environment. Furthermore, we model developed ordinal logistic regression (OLR) models with the 1581 responses on 5-point Likert scale to answer 3 key questions including importance of smartphone-based participation in resolving location specific urban challenges, importance of public participation through smartphones in the improvement of the quality of smart city plans, and the importance of the role of the authorities in mobilising people for smartphone-based participation. OLR results revealed that there is a significant difference of public opinions based on their nationality, gender, education, profession, and income levels in the city of Jeddah. Finally, we recommend that crowdsourced smartphone applications should be promoted for data collection because of inherent benefits through increased public participation. Abundant data though public participation might be helpful in realizing success of smart cities under Vision 2030 of Saudi Arabia of which maximizing ‘quality of life’ is a key target.

The Improvement Of Exploiting Public Assistance In Investigator`S Crime Prevention Activities

The article canvasses the role and importance of public participation in investigator`s crime prevention activities, and the proposals for exploiting the general public in these activities are developed. Moreover, it clarifies the role of the citizen in preventing or disclosuring the crime, and its importance in pre-trial proceedings, the system of encouraging on the basis of the investigator`s recommendation for his/her superior consciousness, courage, exemplary performance of social duty is thoroughly analyzed.

Комфортная городская среда: общественное мнение москвичей

the article is devoted to issues related to the formation of a comfortable urban environment with the participation of the population. The city, being a social space, must provide a high standard of living for all its inhabitants. The article substantiates the importance of public participation in the improvement of the city and tells about the tools that ensure this. With the help of Internet portals created by the Moscow Government, the right of every citizen to express their opinion is realized. The article analyzes the work of these Internet portals and the results of a sociological study conducted in 2019 on the assessment of Muscovites on the ongoing measures for the reconstruction of Moscow.

Analysis of citizens' motivation and participation intention in urban planning

Public participation has attracted considerable interest in urban planning theory and practice. A large body of growing literature has attempted to figure out the importance of public participation in urban planning and management. However, there are very few theory-driven empirical studies in the participation literature that examine citizen's motivation and intention to participate in urban planning processes. The aim of this paper therefore is to fill this gap in the literature by investigating the relationship between motivation and the intention of public participation in the field of urban planning and management. On the basis of a survey conducted in Wuhan, China, a structural equation model is developed and estimated to identify the causal relationships between four motivational factors and three intentions to participate in urban planning. We find positive impacts of “Civil Society” “Personal Interest” “Social Influence” and a negative impact of “Constraints” on the intention to participate in urban planning. The conclusions of this study provide valuable insights for exploring the intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting citizens' participation intentions in urban planning activities.

Public Participation Model for Public Information Disclosure

Democratic governance is characterized by participation or community involvement in decision-making and implementation of public policy. Relating to community participation, the Indonesian government has a policy for citizens to access information they required. As the effect of this policy, Indonesia has made efforts to implement the disclosure of information in accordance with the freedom of information act. This article aims to build model of public participation from the community to control the region government with case “Wakca Balaka Advocacy Forum” and “ Kelompok Informasi Masyarakat (KIM)” in the context of public disclosure. The method used was case study and the data were collected through interviews and discussion forum with Wakca Balaka and observation on KIM activities in Bandung, Indonesia. The results of the research showed that Wakca Balaka Advocacy Forum is a bottom up public participation model, due to its own initiative to oversee various local government policies in its implementation. In addition, KIM” is a pseudo public top down participation model, because it is formed and initiated by the government to manage information and empower the community. This makes KIM have a lower critical level in comparison with Wakca balaka in government transparency. For this reason, capacity building for information management officials in the local government and the Information Commission as regulators are needed, and so is building public awareness about the importance of public participation. Keywords: Public participation, public information disclosure , information society group , advocacy forum, governance.

The integration of local government, residents, and insurance in coastal adaptation: An agent-based modeling approach

Previous evaluation of flood risk overlooks the behavior and capacity of private stakeholders, thus limiting the application of adaptation policies. This study presents an agent-based model, applied to Miami-Dade County, FL, as the case study, to explore the public and private interaction in coastal flood adaptation and mitigation. The decision making of individuals' adaptive behavior is simulated based on the prospected theory under households' risk perception, insurance policies, and the local flood mitigation. The NFIP and private insurance policy are simulated separately to reflect the flood insurance market. Our results show that households' risk mitigation behaviors are clustered in high-risk coastal areas, including Miami-Beach and the east coast of the County. The overall flood risk is still high in the southern part of the County. To better reflect the flooding risk and address the affordability issue, a voucher coupled house elevation program could improve the insurance take-up rates as well as reduce the overall flood risk in the area. Results also indicate that private insurance would slightly increase if the NFIP's insurance rates increase. Afterward, four adaptation scenarios in response to future sea level rises are examined by considering the voucher-based insurance program and the local adaptation actions. Compared with the high-risk reduction but low coverage mitigation plan, more extensive coverage of public adaptation would better improve the overall adaptation outcome of the County, which indicates the importance of public participation in local risk mitigation and urban governance.

Providing a practical Model of the Waste Management Master Plan with Emphasis on Public Participation “Using the SWOT method and the QSPM matrix and the FAHP method”

The purpose of this study was to present a practical model of strategic waste management via two Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threats (SWOT) models and hierarchical analysis. In this regard, the strengths and weaknesses of the present situation and the factors affecting waste management in Tehran were investigated. In this study, the importance of public participation in waste management was investigated by means of the Delphi method and the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP). Based on the results of the SWOT analysis, a team of experts identified the internal and external factors and rated the primary factors; each factor was weighted, then according to their scores, the proposed waste management framework was developed. Finally, the strategies were quantitatively prioritized by the planning matrix. Then, using the analysis method, the hierarchy was used in this study as a SWOT supplement. The results of two questionnaires designed in this study identified the socio-economic, educational, cultural, and political factors as first to fourth, respectively. The most viable strategies, which were selected based on the analysis, include the potential use of social networks to encourage society to reduce waste and to promote the separation of waste as well as compliance with the proposed comprehensive waste management program; another choice strategy was providing economic incentives to maximize social participation in reducing waste production waste sorting.

David Godschalk

David R. Godschalk, professor emeritus in the Department of City and Regional Planning at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, passed away in early 2018. In this essay we reflect on Dave’s planning scholarship and practice. We discuss his main contributions in 4 prominent areas. First is the importance of public participation and collaboration for the planning and governance of communities. He argued for democratizing and recasting public participation, with planners working alongside community members coproducing plans and incorporating uncertainty, new information, and different viewpoints. Second is Dave’s focus on the tenets of the comprehensive plan and its core element, the land use plan. In the plan, central principles of livable urban forms and model planning processes can be integrated and translated to practice. With academic collaborators and practitioners he pioneered theoretical and empirical research on what constitutes a high-quality plan, a fundamental question at the heart of planning. Third is his research demonstrating how spatial planning can be used for hazard mitigation and urban resilience. This work forged a new generation of planning academics and practitioners who focused on hazard plans for predisaster mitigation and postdisaster recovery at multiple governmental levels. Finally, fourth is his personal involvement in planning-related institutions that he helped create, lead, or steer. In his various roles as scholar, teacher, mentor, collaborator, supervisor, planning director, and elected official, Dave touched the lives of many who now build on his contributions in creating better communities.

Public participation and ‘good’ urban governance

In the 21st century, with the development of globalization and urbanization in the whole world, and the economic and social advancement, the managing structure and methods of the urban governance are changing rapidly. This situation shows that the good urban governance is facing a wide variety of challenges and issues to serve the contemporary cities.   Among those numerous challenges and issues, public participation is a key factor that should be well considered if the urban governance wants to be a good one in the future. The reason for this statement is that almost all of the decisions, policies and regulations made by the urban governance are relevant to the daily life of people living in the city. On the other side, good urban governance should connect well with all the relevant people, organizations, government sections, and consider all advices and needs of them to make sure that the policies could serve public in the maximum range. That means the residents in the city are the majority service object of the urban governance, and providing the needs of the public can help the urban governance turn to a positive image to the residents. Under that situation, public participation offers the chance for urban governance to make correct and satisfied decisions for the residents, and it is being accepted that public participation takes a vitally important position in a good urban governance in the contemporary ages. In this essay, the importance of public participation in urban governance will be exhibited in detail firstly, and then discuss the problems of public participation and increase engagement of public participation in urban governance. To compare with the bad governance, the redevelopment process of Liede village could be used as an example to discuss the benefits of the good urban governance with high-level public participation in China. Finally, the conclusion would be given out at the end of the essay

Pro-Environmental Behavior: The Role of Public Perception in Infrastructure and the Social Factors for Sustainable Development

The importance of public participation in the successful implementation of climate change-related policies has been highlighted in previous research. However, existing environmental behavioral studies have not sufficiently addressed the relationship among perceptions of climate change, living conditions, social demographic factors and environmentally friendly behavior. Therefore, this paper investigates whether environmental perception and other social determinants such as living conditions and the subjective evaluation of social inequality affect environmentally friendly behavior. We use survey data (N = 1500) collected in Mumbai, India, and analyze our hypotheses using a structural equation model (SEM). The empirical results confirm the direct and indirect influences of environmentally related perceptions, the subjective evaluation of living environments, social factors and other demographic characteristics on pro-environmental behavior. In particular, we find a robust positive effect of education level on pro-environmental behavior, where we observe both a direct impact and an indirect impact through positive effects on environmental knowledge. Thus, we confirm the importance of living environment, social equality and education in sustainable urban planning and efforts to mitigate climate change.

Beyond public meetings: Diverse forms of community led recovery following disaster

Disasters provoke a multitude of responses at different scales of society, both in the immediate aftermath and in long term recovery. The importance of public participation, consultation and citizen engagement is increasingly acknowledged and integrated into an array of sectors, including planning and governance processes following major disaster events. However, there is growing concern that some practices of participation may narrow the space for genuine democratic engagement. This builds on a wider understanding of the potential for participation to be engaged in shallow and tokenistic forms. This paper explores, through a qualitative methodology, how residents perceived participatory processes following the Canterbury earthquakes which affected the city of Christchurch in Aotearoa New Zealand in 2010 and 2011. Importantly, this paper focuses on the diverse forms of participation in the recovery as discussed by residents. This contributes to a wider perspective on post-disaster recovery that recognises the diverse and informal pathways that shape the ongoing recovery of Christchurch. Subsequently, this critical yet hopeful account demonstrates how action at the local scale is integral to fostering a sense of community engagement and ownership over disaster recovery.