Importance Of Proper Nutrition Research Articles

Unhealthy Snacking Habits are Prevalent Among Elementary School Students

Development Index (HDI) showing a noteworthy increase in 2018. This progress is a promising sign for Indonesia's future, placing it in the high human development category. The focus of the report is on child welfare and health services, emphasizing the significance of adequate nutrition for proper growth and development. The report highlights the challenges parents face in providing their children with nutritious food due to their busy schedules, which often results in children buying unhealthy snacks at school. The 2019 Annual Report of the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency (BPOM) raises concerns regarding the quality of School Children's Snack Food (PJAS). A significant portion of these snacks did not meet the required standards and were found to be high in sugar, salt, and fat. These unhealthy snacks pose a risk to children's health, leading to health issues such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. Moreover, the report notes that poor nutrition not only affects children's health but also their academic performance. By using qualitative research, this report aims to describe the social condition and its impact on the unhealthy snacks habit in school. This report highlights the critical role proper nutrition plays in children's health and academic performance. It underscores the need for parents and schools to work together to provide healthy and nutritious food options for children. Furthermore, the report suggests that schools can play a pivotal role in promoting healthy eating habits by educating children about the importance of proper nutrition and offering healthy food options.

MEDIA ANIMASI DAN IKLAN LAYANAN MASYARAKAT DALAM UPAYA PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN TENTANG PENCEGAHAN STUNTING PADA REMAJA DI SMA NEGERI 1 NGORO KABUPATEN MOJOKERTO

Stunting is still a major health problem in Indonesia. The low knowledge of adolescents about the importance of proper nutrition as prospective parents can increase the risk of children born experiencing stunting. The research objective was to determine the effect of animation and public advertising services on increasing knowledge about stunting prevention in adolescents at SMA Negeri 1 Ngoro. The study used the Quasi-Experimental Design method, with a population of 202 students using a simple random sampling technique to obtain a sample of 84 students. The results showed that half (50%) of the respondents had sufficient knowledge before being given animation, almost all (85.7%) of the respondents had good knowledge after the animation was given while the majority (59.5%) of respondents had good knowledge before being given Public Advertising services and almost all (95.2%) of respondents have good knowledge after being given public advertising services. The results showed that animation and public service advertisements affected increasing adolescent knowledge (P value = 0.000), and public service advertisements were able to increase knowledge higher (P value = 0.001). Animation and public advertising services are media that are preferred by adolescents, so it is recommended to convey health messages

Reducing In-Hospital and 60-Day Mortality in Critically Ill Patients after Surgery with Strict Nutritional Supplementation: A Prospective, Single-Labeled, Randomized Controlled Trial

Malnutrition in critically ill patients is a global concern, especially those who undergo abdominal surgery, as it is associated to higher infectious complications, prolonged hospital stays, and increased morbidity. Despite the importance of proper nutrition, guidelines remain broad, and practical implementation is often inadequate. We aimed to assess the effects of strict nutritional provision and investigate the appropriate target for nutrition support. A prospective, randomized controlled trial was conducted in critically ill patients admitted to intensive care units following abdominal surgery. The intervention group received targeted protein and calories, with consultation from a nutritional support team upon admission. In total, 181 patients in the intervention and 144 in the control group were analyzed. The intervention group demonstrated improved nutrition provision and subsequently better clinical outcomes, including a reduced 60-day mortality (4.4 versus 15.3, p = 0.001), postoperative complications (24.9 versus 47.2, p < 0.001), and in-hospital mortality (5 versus 17.4, p < 0.001). High modified nutrition risk in the critically ill scores [odds ratio (OR) = 2.658, 95% CI = 1.498–4.716] were associated with increased 60-day mortality, while active nutritional intervention (OR = 0.312, 95% CI = 0.111–0.873) was associated with lower mortality rates. Notably, the provision of targeted energy and protein alone did not exhibit a significant association with mortality outcomes.

Promjene u stanju uhranjenosti, navikama tjelesne aktivnosti i prehrani djece u osnovnoj školi tijekom epidemije COVID-19

Aim: The COVID -19 pandemic has changed the way people live, and children are particularly at risk because of their vulnerable age. The aim of this work was to evaluate the changes in nutritional status, physical activity, and eating habits of elementary school- aged children during the Covid 19 pandemic. Methods: The study was conducted from February to April 2021 and included 197 primary school children, 100 boys, and 97 girls. A questionnaire was used to collect data on lifestyle, eating habits, and physical activity outside school. The Mediterranean Diet Qual- ity Index for children and adolescents was used to determine membership in the Mediterranean diet. The kinanthropological and anthropological data of the students were obtained from the diary of the physical education and health teacher. Results: The average rating of the quality of the children’s diet, as determined by the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index for Children and Adolescents, showed a moderate affiliation with the Mediterranean diet. Before online instruction, 65.9% of students ate break- fast daily, whereas during online instruction, 75.7% ate breakfast (p< 0.001). Results showed that students exercised statistically sig- nificantly more before online instruction than during online instruction (p< 0.05). Students had weaker kinanthropological scores than before beginning online instruction. Conclusions: According to the results, students’ diet is of average quality, and some habits, such as breakfast, have improved, while physical activities have decreased significantly during the pandemic. Therefore, the promotion of proper nutrition and physical ac- tivity through public health programs should be emphasized to educate both children and parents about the importance of proper nutrition, physical activity, and responsible use of various media.

The Evaluation of Energy Availability and Dietary Nutrient Intake of Sport Climbers at Different Climbing Levels

Proper nutrition is the basis for athletes' performances when competing or training. The increasing training volume accompanying the increase in advancement should go hand in hand with the appropriate supply of energy as well as macro and micronutrients. The diet of climbing representatives due to the desire to achieve a low body weight may be deficient in energy and micronutrients. Our study aimed to evaluate the differences in energy availability and nutrient intake of female and male sport climbers at different climbing levels. Anthropometric parameters and the resting metabolic rate were measured, the questionnaire about climbing grade and training hours was filled, and a 3-day food diary was fulfilled by 106 sport climbers. Based on the collected data, the energy availability as well as the macro- and micronutrient intake was calculated. Low energy availability (EA) was observed among both genders of sport climbing representatives. A significant difference between EA in various levels of advancement was found in the male group (p < 0.001). Differences in carbohydrate intake (g/kg/BW) between sexes were observed (p = 0.01). Differences in nutrients intake between climbing grade were found in both the female and male groups. In the group of female elite athletes, the adequate supply of most of the micronutrients can imply a high-quality diet despite the low calorie content. It is necessary to educate sport climbing representatives about the importance of proper nutrition as well as the consequences of insufficient energy intake.

Traditional and cultural newborn care practices in the Dakace and Tsibiri communities of Nigeria: an ethnographic study

Traditional and cultural practices related to newborn care have been passed down through generations in various cultures worldwide, often with the belief that they are effective in improving the health and well-being of newborns. These practices can differ significantly between cultures. The aim of this study was to assess the traditional and cultural newborn care practices in the Dakace and Tsibiri communities of Nigeria, and to identify potential opportunities for the integration of these practices into modern healthcare approaches. An ethnographic study was conducted in the Dakace and Tsibiri communities of Nigeria, which involved observing 54 deliveries and traditional rituals surrounding newborn care through participant observation. A total of 30 participants, including traditional birth attendants, community health workers, traditional leaders, and mothers who had given birth within the past year, were included in the study, and participated in in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The main themes that emerged from the data included the provision of warmth, nutrition, cord care, and traditional medication. In these communities, there is a strong emphasis on keeping newborns warm and providing proper nutrition, including breastfeeding and the use of traditional remedies. Cord care is also considered important, with the umbilical cord typically cut with a new razor blade and the stump treated with hot compresses and oil massages. Traditional and cultural beliefs also influence the use of traditional medication, including the use of traditional remedies to address common pregnancy-related health issues and the importance of proper nutrition during pregnancy. The study also identified the important role of fathers and other male family members in childbirth preparation. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the traditional and cultural practices of newborn care in the Dakace and Tsibiri communities of Nigeria and identify potential opportunities for integrating these practices into modern healthcare approaches in a way that is safe and effective for the mother and child. These findings may be of interest to healthcare professionals, researchers, and policy makers working in maternal and child health, as well as to members of the Dakace and Tsibiri communities.

Nutritional factors of bone health in athletes

The importance of proper nutrition when playing sports is difficult to overestimate. Athletes of any age need to consume a sufficient amount of macro- and micronutrients for bone health. High-quality and balanced nutrition in terms of quantity and composition is important for optimal recovery after training, adaptation to intense physical activity and prevention of sports injuries. The aim of the study was to summarize the current data of domestic and foreign literature on the factors affecting bone mineral density (BMD) in athletes, as well as to consider the key points of nutritional support necessary for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Material and methods. The search was conducted using the Google Academy search engine and electronic databases PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, eLIBRARY for the period from 2008 to 2022. For the search, we used keywords and their combinations: "athletes", "osteoporosis", "stress fractures", "calcium" and "vitamin D". Results and discussion. Bone health is influenced by many factors, the most significant of which are lifestyle and the nature of a person's physical activity. Despite strong evidence for the benefits of exercise for bone health, there are sports that predispose to low BMD and increase the risk of osteoporosis. First of all, athletes involved in aerobic and aesthetic disciplines (long-distance running, cycling, swimming, rhythmic gymnastics, dancing, etc.) are at risk. In addition, factors that predispose to a decrease in BMD include female gender, low intake of energy substrates, protein, vitamin D and calcium, and certain medications. Of great importance for the regulation of bone metabolism and maintaining optimal BMD are the genetic characteristics of the athlete. The main adverse consequences for athletes with reduced BMD are fractures of various localization. At the same time, the problem of a high risk of developing stress injuries of bones is especially relevant. Calcium and vitamin D are key nutritional factors needed to maintain bone health. Optimal intake of carbohydrates, proteins, and polyunsaturated fatty acids is also important. There is evidence of a positive effect on the skeletal system of such nutritional factors as potassium, magnesium, sodium, vitamins K, C, B12 and folic acid. The specific mechanisms of the influence of these micronutrients on bone metabolism and the relationship of their consumption level with BMD need further research. Conclusion. Thus, athletes of all ages and specializations need to pay great attention to the state of the skeletal system. Given the association between the risk of osteoporosis and malnutrition, it is essential for athletes to maintain an optimal nutritional status and consume adequate amounts of vitamins and minerals.

Ocena poziomu wiedzy pielęgniarek z oddziałów zabiegowych i POZ na temat znaczenia prawidłowego żywienia u chorego z raną przewlekłą – badanie wstępne

ENWEndNote BIBJabRef, Mendeley RISPapers, Reference Manager, RefWorks, Zotero AMA Pisarek E, Lesińska-Sawicka M, Ciesielska A. Assessment of the knowledge of nurses from surgical wards and primary health care about the importance of proper nutrition in a patient with a chronic wound – preliminary study. Leczenie Ran. 2022;19(3):77-83. doi:10.5114/lr.2022.120198. APA Pisarek, E., Lesińska-Sawicka, M., & Ciesielska, A. (2022). Assessment of the knowledge of nurses from surgical wards and primary health care about the importance of proper nutrition in a patient with a chronic wound – preliminary study. Leczenie Ran, 19(3), 77-83. https://doi.org/10.5114/lr.2022.120198 Chicago Pisarek, Ewa, Małgorzata Lesińska-Sawicka, and Adrianna Ciesielska. 2022. "Assessment of the knowledge of nurses from surgical wards and primary health care about the importance of proper nutrition in a patient with a chronic wound – preliminary study". Leczenie Ran 19 (3): 77-83. doi:10.5114/lr.2022.120198. Harvard Pisarek, E., Lesińska-Sawicka, M., and Ciesielska, A. (2022). Assessment of the knowledge of nurses from surgical wards and primary health care about the importance of proper nutrition in a patient with a chronic wound – preliminary study. Leczenie Ran, 19(3), pp.77-83. https://doi.org/10.5114/lr.2022.120198 MLA Pisarek, Ewa et al. "Assessment of the knowledge of nurses from surgical wards and primary health care about the importance of proper nutrition in a patient with a chronic wound – preliminary study." Leczenie Ran, vol. 19, no. 3, 2022, pp. 77-83. doi:10.5114/lr.2022.120198. Vancouver Pisarek E, Lesińska-Sawicka M, Ciesielska A. Assessment of the knowledge of nurses from surgical wards and primary health care about the importance of proper nutrition in a patient with a chronic wound – preliminary study. Leczenie Ran. 2022;19(3):77-83. doi:10.5114/lr.2022.120198.

Representações sobre alimentação institucional de estudantes do campo em regime de internato estudantil

Com o objetivo de analisar a representação social, de alunos do campo em regime de internato, sobre a alimentação institucional, realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa, de caráter exploratório, embasada na Teoria das Representações Sociais. Foram realizadas entrevistas individuais, cujos discursos gerados foram analisados pela técnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Verificou-se que a maioria dos entrevistados considerou que se alimenta bem e que uma alimentação de qualidade deve possuir todos os nutrientes necessários. A alimentação institucional e o ambiente do refeitório foram considerados de boa qualidade. Os entrevistados atribuíram à alimentação institucional um importante papel na socialização, exercendo influência positiva na adaptação ao regime de internato. Desta forma, a Unidade de Alimentação e Nutrição da escola, tem um papel relevante na oferta de uma alimentação completa e equilibrada nutricionalmente, pois nesta fase de vivência do adolescente interno, a alimentação saudável deve convergir para o seu desenvolvimento social e mental, na preservação da saúde e redução de riscos de doenças relacionadas à má alimentação. Palavras-chave: representação social, internato escolar do campo, adolescentes, alimentação institucional. Representations about institutional food by rural middle school boarding school students ABSTRACT. Considering the importance of proper nutrition in adolescence and that this can be profoundly affected by changes in routine life of the students, such as leaving their home environment to live in a boarding school, the goal of this study was to analyze the social representation of these students in boarding school regime. A qualitative, exploratory research was carried out, based on the Theory of Social Representations. Individual interviews were conducted, and the discourse generated was analyzed using the Discourse of the Collective Subject technique. The representations of food, most of the interviewees considered that feeds well, and that high-quality food must have all the necessary nutrients; in addition, the change to the current institution have influenced the feeding times. The institutional foods were considered of good quality; however, the taste of the preparation has been mentioned as a negative point. The interviewees attributed the institutional food an important role in socialization, exerting positive influence on adaptation to boarding school. Keywords: social representation, boarding school, rural middle school, adolescents, institutional food. Representaciones sobre la alimentación institucional de los estudiantes rurales en el internado estudiantil RESUMEN. Con el fin de analizar la representación social de los estudiantes en el internado sobre alimentación institucional, se realizó una investigación cualitativa y exploratoria, basada en la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales. Se realizaron entrevistas individuales, cuyos discursos se analizaron mediante la técnica del Discurso del Sujeto Colectivo. Se encontró que la mayoría de los encuestados consideró que comen bien, que un alimento de calidad debe tener todos los nutrientes necesarios. La comida institucional y el ambiente del comedor se consideraron de buena calidad. Los entrevistados atribuyeron a la nutrición institucional un papel importante en la socialización, ejerciendo una influencia positiva en la adaptación al sistema de internado. De esta manera, la Unidad de Alimentación y Nutrición de la Escuela tiene un papel relevante en ofrecer una dieta completa y nutricionalmente equilibrada, ya que en esta fase del internado del adolescente, la alimentación saludable debe converger con su desarrollo social y mental, en la preservación de la salud y la reducción de la riesgo de enfermedades relacionadas con una mala alimentación. Palabras-clave: representación social, internado escolar rural, estudiantes, alimentación institucional.

Zdravstveno-vaspitni rad stomatološke službe u doba Kovid-19 pandemije

The first case of coronavirus infection was recorded in 2019 in the Chinese city of Wuhan.The virus is easily transmitted by droplets, which soon leads to a pandemic. The first case in our country was recorded in March 2020. The aim of this paper is to describe the implementation of the preventive program (health-educational work) in the Dental Service of the Valjevo Health Center, in the newly created and so far unknown circumstances of the Covid-19 pandemic. The health and educational work play a key role in prevention when it comes to the work of dentists with children of preschool, school, and high school age, as well as with pregnant women and mothers. Through Powerpoint presentations, in pictures and words, dentists tried to pass on their knowledge about the importance of proper nutrition and oral and dental hygiene to preschool patients. Through platforms designed for online teaching, students of all grades of primary schools in urban and rural areas, as well as high school students, are provided with all the important information related to the preservation and improvement of oral health. Through the School of Parenthood, and in cooperation with the Patronage Service of the Valjevo Health Center, educational work with pregnant women and mothers-in-law was conducted. The Week of Oral and Dental Health was marked by the guest appearance of the head of the service on local television, on the show "Serbia Today" and on the "Morning Program" of the Radio Television of Serbia. Thanks to the exceptional cooperation of the Dental Service with the management of the Valjevo Health Center, the Patronage Service, and their cooperation with the preschool, primary and secondary schools, the planned preventive program for 2020 was implemented. The program was supported by school principals, teaching organizers, and educators from the preschool institution, who highly rated our work. A comprehensive approach to the control of dental disease in children and adolescents is extremely important for laying a solid foundation for good oral health. Even in the conditions of the Covid-19 pandemic, it is necessary to carry out health-educational work whose development is to develop healthy living habits and preserve oral health.

Nutrition and Physical Activity Behavior in 11-14-Year-Old Schoolchildren in Serbia.

Regular physical activity and healthy diet have a significant positive impact on children’s health. Lack of physical activity increases the risk of various diseases, while obesity has become an alarming health problem worldwide. The aim of this study is to investigate the patterns of physical activity and diet among 11–14-year-old school children in Serbia. The sample included 623 primary school children, of whom 333 were boys (53.45%) and 290 were girls (46.55%). The children were also divided according to their age/grade: fifth grade/11 years (24.40% (n = 152; M = 84, F = 68)), sixth grade/12 years (25.68% (n = 160; M = 91, F = 69)), seventh grade/13 years (26.81% (n = 167; M = 83, F = 84)) and eighth grade/14 years (23.11% (n = 144; M = 75, F = 69)). Children’s lifestyle was assessed using two subscales of questionnaires based on the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile model II. The Mann–Whitney U test showed no statistically significant difference between boys and girls in the variables Nutrition (p = 0.81) and Physical Activity (p = 0.91). The Kruskal–Wallis test was applied and showed no statistically significant differences between children of different ages, regardless of gender, in the variable Nutrition (p = 0.63). However, differences were evident in the variable Physical Activity (p < 0.001), with the highest mean scores recorded in 12- and 13-year-old children and the lowest in 14-year-old children. Additionally, no statistically significant differences were found among boys as a function of age in the variables Nutrition (p = 0.55) and Physical Activity (p = 0.15), nor among girls in the variable Nutrition (p = 0.43), but in the variable Physical Activity (p = 0.01). In general, it can be concluded that the older primary school children have relatively satisfactory dietary and physical activity habits, but that these behaviors decrease with age, especially the level of physical activity. There is a need for better and more effective education of children about the benefits and importance of proper nutrition and regular physical activity.

SITTING DUCKS: PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND DIET-RELATED INTERVENTIONS IN THE "PERI-COVID-19" PERIOD

The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) poses specific challenges for physically-active cohorts of people. Students, adults, and the elderly need to adapt and seek proper physical activity and diet-related interventions to use their spare time effectively and/or improve their health. Not surprisingly, the existing body of knowledge reveals a consensus on the importance of proper nutrition and physical activity in the so-called “peri-COVID19” period (i.e., before, during, and after the coronavirus pandemic); however, we explain context-dependent considerations. Therefore, the present study provides a brief review of current knowledge of physical activity and nutrition and develops a three-stage conceptual model for contextbased guidelines. The model pinpoints the relative importance of parameters of physical activity in three different periods. In addition, we provide illustrative examples of appropriate training regimens. Our findings complement the agenda for individuals willing to establish desired physical condition and nutrition after the pandemics. Finally, we reveal the supportive role of diet-related interventions and supplements in the peri-COVID-19 period.

Procena znanja majki i evaluacija prepreka za uspešno dojenje

Introduction/Objective: A healthy diet is a basic prerequisite for a healthy child. Numerous studies have proven the importance of breastfeeding, which has many advantages. Breast milk is the best choice of food for a newborn. Healthcare professionals, doctors and nurses, play a key role in shaping a mother's attitude towards breastfeeding, as well as helping her overcome barriers to successful breastfeeding. To examine the level of knowledge mothers have about the importance of proper nutrition and breastfeeding of a newborn and to evaluate any obstacles to successful breastfeeding. Methods: The first part of the research is designed as a cross-sectional study. As a research instrument, a questionnaire was constructed to assess the mothers' level of knowledge about the importance of breastfeeding. In the second part of the research, a telephone survey was conducted after the mothers and babies were discharged from the hospital, and the mothers were asked questions about any obstacles they may have encountered to successful breastfeeding. The study included a sample of 47 women. The study was conducted in the Valjevo General Hospital from June to August 2018. Participation in the study was voluntary and anonymous and the research was approved by the Ethics Committee of the institution. Results: Descriptive statistic methods were used to analyse the results. Respondents ranged in age from 21 to 40, the largest number of women were between 21 and 25 years old (57%), 88% of children received a grade 9 at birth, 10% of the respondents attended parenting school, 78% of the women started breastfeeding the very next day after delivery and most believed that they had been successfully trained to breastfeed in the maternity ward. Seven days after discharge from the hospital, 7% of women did not breastfeed and the most common obstacles to successful breastfeeding were cracked nipples (35%). Conclusion: The results of the research indicate the need for a greater degree of education of future mothers about the importance of breastfeeding and proper breastfeeding techniques. It is necessary to carry out health education work at all levels of health care to minimize obstacles to natural nutrition

Nutritional Score of Meat Products at Retail in Serbia

Nutri-score is simplified front-of-pack nutrition labelling on packed food products, used in a broad international context to categorize food products into five colour/letter grades (best A to worst E) that reflect the foods’ nutritional quality. The labels serve as potential help for consumers to make healthier food choices and encourage food industries to improve the nutritional quality of the foods they produce. The aim of this study was to determine the nutritional scores and grades of meat products present on the Serbian retail market. Ultimately, this should point out to consumers the importance of proper nutrition and encourage the meat industry to adapt to new labelling requirements. During a two year period, 310 packaged locally-produced meat products were purchased at retail, graded according to the Nutri-score method and categorized into 13 ad hoc product groups. The results obtained showed that 82.5% of all examined meat products had nutritional scores that meant they were classified as unhealthy foods, while only 2.9% of meat products (these were fresh meat or minced meats) were classified as healthy foods. Of the total number of examined meat products, 41.5% were classified as grade E, 41% were classified as grade D, 13% received grade C, 1.6% received grade B, while only 2.9 % were classified as grade A. Sodium chloride was an especially burdensome parameter in 10 groups (77% of all products examined), while the presence of saturated fat was troublesome in 7 groups (54%) and high energy balance in 2 groups (15%). Serbian manufacturers are advised to implement new formulations and/or procedures in an effort to reduce these parameters in the meat products they produce.

Bioethics in the Future: Ecological Upbringing from a Preschool Age. A Drama Music Workshop as an Example

Abstract In today’s society, public opinion plays a large role in the adoption of various legal measures and regulations, including those related to the field of bioethics. This is why experts have a duty to inform the public in a timely and accurate manner, and it is up to educators to educate new generations to become responsible citizens who can make informed decisions. A few years ago, attempts were made to implement a project of health education and then one of civic education in schools. Those curricula predict the student will develop human, political, social, cultural, economic and environmental competences as a citizen of the class, school and local community. A spiral development model of introduction by educational cycles is envisaged, starting from the 1st grade of primary school. However, civic education is also addressed by the national curriculum for early and preschool education, which anticipates development of social and civic competences in children of this age. Bioethics and environmental issues are still not sufficiently transparent to the public. This is why proper environmental education from preschool age is very important. In preschool education, the proper approach is essential, and contemporary pedagogy emphasizes the importance of learning through play. The artistic fields are imposed as an ideal framework in which various contents can be accommodated. A drama music workshop that will help children develop awareness of various issues through play is, therefore, an ideal training ground for educating a responsible and informed citizen. One such drama music workshop was organized for the purpose of demonstration on the occasion of the First Osijek Days of Bioethics. The story used in the workshop is from a picture book by Aleix Cabrera and Rosa M. Curto: Niko and nutrition. Through the play and the story, the importance of proper nutrition was emphasized to children and made them aware that it is necessary to know what they actually eat and where and how food comes from. This paper uses the workshop as a starting point when discussing the role of artistic fields and educators in creating a responsible and informed citizen in fields of bioethics and environmental issues and the importance of early and preschool education in the process.

Lifestyle Behaviors among Nursing Students in Hawler Medical University

Background and objective: The importance of proper nutrition and physical activity in reducing rates of disease and death from chronic diseases has been well established. Poor diet and physical inactivity cause deaths and are major contributors to disabilities that result from diabetes, obesity, and stroke. Drug abuse is a more intense and misuse of drugs can result in addiction. The objectives of this study were to identify lifestyle behaviours among students and to find out association between their lifestyles and some variables (sex, stage, and body mass index) in the College of Nursing in Erbil City. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 students from four stages in the College of Nursing (25 students from each stage) during the period December 2016 to April 2017. A questionnaire was composed of two parts, socio-demographic characteristics and questions related to lifestyle behaviors (three domains) among students in the college. Frequency, percentage and chi-square test was used for interpretation of data. Results: Most of the study sample was aged between 18 and 24 years old from urban areas. Near half of them was female and the highest percentage had normal weight based on body mass index assessment tool. There is a non-significant association between lifestyle behaviors and sex among the study sample (p-value 0.312, 0.346 and 0.385 respectively) and with body mass index inactivity and nutrition (p-value 0.885 and 0.060 respectively). Conclusion: Most of the students sometimes practicing the different types of physical activities and exercises

Presence of eating disorders and its relationship to anxiety and depression in pregnant women

Backgroundwomen who have inadequate nutrient intake are more likely to develop a risky pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to determine the presence of eating disorders and its association with anxiety and depression symptomatology in high-risk pregnancies. Methodsthis is a cross-sectional and prospective study conducted at the tertiary university hospital in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. 913 pregnant women waiting for the Obstetrics' outpatient appointment were invited to participate in the study on their 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy. Structured interviews were carried out and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were applied. Findingsprevalence of eating disorder (ED) during pregnancy was 7.6% (n=69) (95% CI: 5.84% −9.28%), 0.1% (n=1) for anorexia nervosa; 0.7% (n=6) for bulimia nervosa; 1.1% (n=10) for binge eating disorder, and 5.7% (n=52) for pica. A statistically significant difference was found between the anxiety (p<0.01) and depressive symptoms (p<0.01). Conclusionsthe prevalence of ED (7.6%) and its association with anxiety and depression symptoms during pregnancy highlights the need for specialist care for prevention, diagnosis and treatment. Given the importance of proper nutrition during pregnancy, both with regard to maternal health and fetal development, it is necessary to have specific predetermined evaluation protocols implemented by health care professionals for the diagnosis of ED during pregnancy.

Prevalence and Correlates of Overweight and Obesity among School Children in Sohag, Egypt

Background: Continually rising prevalence of obesity and overweight in children and adolescents is a major public health concern. This is due to its various and serious health hazards on one side and its preventable nature on the other side. This study aims at identification of prevalence of overweight and obesity and its risk factors among children between 6 - 14 years of age in Sohag, Egypt. Method: A cross sectional study was conducted on 711 school children between 6 - 14 years in four months’ period from February to May 2016. Weight and height of the studied children were measured to calculate BMI, which was compared with standard Egyptian growth charts for determining overweight and obesity. Then a questionnaire containing data about socio demographic, parental obesity, early life and dietary risk factors was completed by the children’s parents. Result: Out of 711 studied children, 117 (16.5%) were overweight and 104 (14.6%) were obese. Residing in urban area, having an obese parent or both of them, low level of maternal education, being on formula feeding during early life and lack of fresh vegetables and fruits in diets were significant risk factors for overweight and obesity in the studied children (P value < 0.05). Conclusion: Improperly educated mothers together with sedentary life style manifested in obesity among the parents and lack of sport practice among children constituted the majors risk factors for childhood obesity. This emphasizes the need for increased health awareness of the community about the importance of proper nutrition and physical activity.

A Brief Survey of Dietary Beliefs and Behaviors of Pregnant Adolescents

Study ObjectiveTo provide a brief assessment of dietary beliefs and behaviors in an understudied high-risk population of pregnant adolescents. Design, Setting, and ParticipantsDiverse pregnant adolescents (n = 66) recruited from the Rochester Adolescent Maternity Program at the University of Rochester Medical Center in Rochester, New York completed a nutrition knowledge and beliefs survey once during pregnancy. Interventions and Main Outcome MeasuresResponses were recorded by a health project coordinator who had good rapport with the teens. Study staff evaluated responses for emergent themes and thematically coded survey data. All responses were assessed relative to demographic variables using χ2 and analysis of variance tests. ResultsMost (83%; 55/66) pregnant teens self-identified as African American with 21% (14/66) identifying as Hispanic. Most (92%; 61/66) adolescents had medical insurance and 28% (19/66) reported participating in the Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children. The importance of proper nutrition was acknowledged but 14% (9/66) reported that diet did not matter or they were unsure of the importance of nutrition for the fetus. Money, access to food, and personal relationships were reported as constraining factors for a healthy diet. Response themes did not differ according to demographic characteristics. ConclusionOverall, pregnant teens recognize the importance of dietary intake during pregnancy but this knowledge does not always translate into behaviors. Understanding the health knowledge and behaviors of pregnant adolescents might provide a foundation for future lifestyle and clinical interventions.

Importance of proper nutrition during pregnancy

Introduction: Nutrition during pregnancy is very important for the health of pregnant women and normal development of the child. Proper nutrition during pregnancy means that pregnant women eat better quality foods. The increase in the need for additional calories grows in the fourth month of pregnancy by about 300 kcal / day. Calorie intake in the third trimester should be increased by about 400 kcal / day. Objective: To determine the level of awareness of pregnant women about the importance of proper nutrition during pregnancy. Methodology: Descriptive and observational method-poll survey was conducted in a population of pregnant women. The survey was conducted on a random sample of 100 N-. A specifically created questionnaire was used which represented an improved version of the Questionnaire for assessing the proper nutrition during pregnancy. Results: Based on the obtained data, 65% of pregnant women during pregnancy gained between 10-15 kg, a large number of examinees, 97%, said it was very important to maintain the weight in the normal range. According to collected data, 58% of the pregnant women adhere to hygienic-dietary regimen during pregnancy. 97% of pregnant women thought that in pregnancy they should eat for two, while 3% of women thought the opposite. Results show that 79% of women regularly use vegetables in their diet. According to collected data, we see that 90% consumed fruit, while 10% of pregnant women do not consume fruit daily. An alarming indicator is that 63% of examinees intake fats of animal origin, while 37% of pregnant women consume vegetable oil. Conclusion: During the research, 100% of the surveyed pregnant women consider that proper nutrition is of great importance for pregnancy. Bearing in mind that the testing was anonymous and that the pregnant women still are expected to give birth, the results are excellent. Therefore it is very important to raise awareness of proper nutrition during pregnancy and during lactation and that expectant mothers learn to resist the pressures of adopting harmful behaviors.