Importance Of Personal Hygiene Research Articles

Peningkatan Pengetahuan Mengenai Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat Pada Siswa SMAN 16 Pekanbaru

This service aims to increase knowledge about clean and healthy living behavior (PHBS) among students at SMAN 16 Pekanbaru. Knowledge about PHBS is very important to improve the health of individuals and society as a whole through an interactive and participatory approach, researchers and service assistants deliver material that focuses on the importance of personal hygiene, the environment and healthy eating patterns. The results of this service show a significant increase in students' knowledge regarding PHBS. They become more aware of the importance of keeping themselves and their surroundings clean. Apart from increasing knowledge, this service also has a long-term impact by encouraging students to become agents of change in their environment. With the awareness and knowledge gained from this service, it is hoped that SMAN 16 Pekanbaru students will carry out clean and healthy living behavior sustainably and inspire others to do the same.

Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus among Female Patients Attending Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH) in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Objectives: To isolate, identify and determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus among Female Patients attending Rivers State University Teaching Hospital in Port Harcourt using High Vaginal Swab samples.
 Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on total of 103 female patients attending the outpatients department and Antenatal clinic of Rivers State University Teaching Hospital. High Vaginal Swab samples were aseptically collected from 55 non-pregnant and 48 six weeks postpartum women. These were then analysed in the Microbiology Laboratory of the Hospital, following standard microbiological procedures. Questions on age, number of sexual partners, knowledge of vaginal infection, symptomatic case, History of previous infection and treatments was responded to by each participant through the completing of questionnaires. Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) was used for the isolation of the organism and their phenotypic traits were determined based on their cultural and biochemical characteristics.
 Results: The study revealed that 25 (24.3%) consisting of 20 (36.4%) non-pregnant women and 5 (10.4%) Postpartum women were positive for Staphylococcus aureus infection. The prevalence of S. aureus among different groups was statistically significant, (P= .002). The highest percentage of S. aureus isolation (36.4%) was found in non-pregnant population. Prevalence of S. aureus was found highest 10 (18.2%) in 21-25 age group among non-pregnant women and none in 26-30 age group among postpartum women. Data obtained from the questionnaires returned showed that 10 (40%) that tested positive for the organism were asymptomatic as at the time of sample collection, had history of previous reproductive tract infection and had previously undergone treatment. 
 Conclusion: The high rate of vaginal Staphylococcal colonisation observed and the positive correlation between Staphylococus aureus prevalence and age, Child delivery status as well as treatment of previous reproductive tract infection seen in the study suggests the need for awareness on the importance of personal hygiene, proper antibiotic usage and regular screening of females within reproductive age.

Manajemen Kesehatan Lingkungan Pada Kelompok Pemindang Di Tempat Pemindangan Ikan (TPI) Kusamba

Like as the fish processing industry in general, the traditional processing industry also has a significant environmental impact. This community service was aimed to provide counselling related to environmental health management to a group of “pemindang” at central “pemindangan” industry Kusamba. The material provided is in the form of the benefit and importance of personal hygiene and environmental sanitation in fish processing, especially pindang, demonstration and exercise of 7 steps of hand washing, socialization on the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and eco enzyme based on orange peel waste, and provision in providing garbage containers to improve environmental sanitation in the area of “pemindangan”. The participants had high enthusiasm in following the activities and from 10 participants who took the posttest, all of participants received score > 70. This empowerment activities are expected to be able to increase the knowledge of the group of “pemindang” on the importance of environmental health for fish processing industry, including “pemindangan” industry.

The Impact of Secondary School Students’ Hygiene Habits on Environmental Knowledge

For sustainable development, hygiene should be specific to general, from personal hygiene to environmental cleaning, and environmental awareness of individuals should be made more permanent. It is estimated that individuals who know the importance of personal hygiene may be more sensitive to the ecological problems of their society. Individuals growing up sensitive to the environment can make the environment more livable. This study aimed to investigate the impact of variables such as gender, class level, residence, educational status of parents, type of residence of the family, hand-face washing, and frequency of bathing on the environmental knowledge of secondary school students. In the study, the survey method among descriptive research was used. The study was conducted with a total of 360 secondary school students studying in the village schools and central schools in Ağrı province in the 2018-2019 academic year. In the study, Environmental Knowledge Test (water-soil pollution) and Hygiene Information Form (face washing, bathing) were used as data collection tools, and their relationship with the variables included in the data collection tools was examined. Mann Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis Tests were used to analyze the data. As a result of the statistical analysis, a significant relationship was found between environmental knowledge and gender, class level, parental education level, and residence; however, no significant relationship was found between environmental knowledge and the frequency of hand-face washing and bathing.

A Comparative Study to Assess the Knowledge and Attitude of School Going Children Regarding Importance of Personal Hygiene in Selected Rural and Urban Schools of Ludhiana, Punjab

Background: The study’s objectives were to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and relationship between rural and urban school-aged children’s knowledge and attitudes about personal hygiene. Methods: The study used a comparative research design. A stratified random sample selection procedure was utilized. One hundred samples (50 from rural areas and 50 from cities) were selected. The population of the study was rural and urban school going children 9–11 years. To examine the data, descriptive and inferential statistics were employed. Results: The survey concluded that 40% (20) of rural schoolchildren and 44% (22) of urban schoolchildren had strong knowledge. About 96% (48) urban and 88% (44) rural schoolchildren valued personal cleanliness. The mean knowledge score of urban schoolchildren was 19.48, higher than rural children 16.52, and their mean attitude score was 74.18, much higher than rural children 68.10. The mean knowledge score of rural and urban children was statistically significant for age, mother’s education, and source of information, but not for household type or monthly income. In rural children, class was significant while gender was non-significant. The mean attitude score of rural and urban school children was statistically significant for age, gender, class, but not for mother education, type of family, family monthly income, or source of information. Based on the study, rural and urban school children received personal hygiene advice. When feasible, guidelines should be flexible. Conclusion: Children attending schools in urban areas had better knowledge than those attending schools in rural areas, but both groups of students shared a favorable outlook on the value of good personal hygiene.

Risiko Kesehatan pada Pemulung di TPA Air Dingin Kota Padang

Scavengers live by collecting garbage, used items that can be recycled. Collecting garbage is one of the jobs that have health and safety risks and problems such as complaints of itchy skin, redness and burning. Scavengers working at the TPA Air Dingin were found not using personal protective equipment (APD) when working. This study aims to determine the factors that cause complaints of skin disorders in scavengers. The cross sectional research design is located at the TPA Air Dingin Padang City in 2021. The population is all scavengers who work at the TPA Air Dingin. The sample is a scavenger selected by the Simple Random method. Sampling (SRS). The number of samples is 91 respondents. data collection through interviews using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using chi aquare statistical test for bivariate analysis and logistic regression for multivariate analysis. The results of the analysis of age, length of work, years of service,’personal hygiene and personal protective equipment’were associated’with complaints of skin disorders’(p value < 0.005). Dominant factors affecting complaints of skin disorders are age and years of service. It is recommended that scavengers use personal protective equipment ( APD) that functions properly to avoid complaints of skin disorders. Supervision and policies from relevant agencies regarding the importance of using personal protective equipment ( APD) for scavengers. In addition, it is necessary to conduct outreach activities to scavengers about the importance of personal hygiene and the use of personal protective equipment (APD).

Upaya Pencegahan dan Penularan Scabies di Pondok Pesantren Ibrohimiyyah Demak melalui Edukasi Personal Hyegiene pada Santri

Ibrohimiyyah Islamic Boarding School (“Ponpes”) is located in Brumbung RT 05 RW 04 Mranggen Demak. The density of occupancy in each room at the Ponpes causes low personal hygiene and environmental sanitation at the place. Our community service activity (Pengabdian masyrakat/PkM) was aimed to solve the problem of (1)The lack of understanding of the students (“stantri”) about the importance of personal hygiene in preventing many diseases, especially the transmission of scabies, (2) The lack of knowledge of Ponpes administrators and santri about scabies and how to prevent transmission, (3) The number of students who currently suffer from scabies and have not been handled properly who can resulting in the transmission of this disease in the cottage environment so that it affects the rest time and productivity of students. Our PkM provided health education through counseling about scabies disease, its causes, ways to prevent transmission and how to treat wounds caused by scabies to santri and Ponpes administrators. Examination of the severity of scabies was done to determine the scabies. To prevent the spreading of the disease to others, the santri with scabies was also treated by topical scabicide, namely Permethrin cream 5% or ointment 2-4, or oral Ivermectin. Education, examination and treatment of scabies in santri was useful for increasing santri' knowledge so that they are able to understand personal hygiene in preventing many diseases, especially the transmission of scabies. Santri are able to understand about scabies and how to prevent its transmission.

EDUKASI HIGIENE PERSONAL PENJAMAH MAKANAN DALAM RANGKA PEMBERDAYAAN KETERAMPILAN KELOMPOK USAHA WANITA TANI DI DESA MEKARBUANA KAB. KARAWANG

A women's farmer business group in Mekarbuana village, Kab. Karawang, is participating in this community service activity. In order to boost the abilities of women farmer business groups in Mekarbuana village, this project intends to provide instruction about personal cleanliness for food handlers. Women farming business groups in Mekarbuana village have limited knowledge of hygiene and food safety. As a result, women farming business groups in Mekarbuana village need to be educated on the importance of personal hygiene and food safety in food processing so that they can broaden their knowledge of food hygiene and safety and ensure that consumers feel safe when eating the resulting food. The lecture method is being used to deliver the education. It was determined from the results of this activity that knowledge increased after being educated, so it was suggested that the activity be carried out by health workers and continued with constant monitoring or observation.

Identification and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Gecko (Hemidactylus frenatus)

Diseases and infections which are naturally transmitted between animals and humans are of major concern worldwide. Geckos (Hemidactylus frenatus) are known to be potential reservoirs of many zoonotic enteropathogens. This study was designed to isolate, identify, and evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Enterobacteriaceae from Geckos. Using standard microbiological procedures, bacteria were isolated from 138 intestinal samples of Hemidactylus frenatus collected from different sampling sites. A total of 20 bacterial species of 9 different genera were identified using automated Colorimetry VITEK 2 system. The percentage occurrences were Enterobacter aerogenes (35%), Proteus mirabilis (15%), Salmonella ser paratyphi B (10%), Serratia fonticola (10%), Enterobacter kobei (10%), Raoultella ornithinolytica (5%), Sphingomonas paucimobilis (5%), Acinetobacter baumannii, (5%) and Burkholderia cepacia (5%). Results obtained from the antibiotic susceptibility pattern according to CLSI guidelines revealed that all the 20 bacterial species have varying rate of resistance with 20 (100%) showing resistance to Ciprofloxacin (CPX), 20 (100%) Pefloxacin (PEF), 19 (95%), Augmentin (AU), 11 (55%) Cotrimoxazole (CXT), 10 (50%) Streptomycin (S), 9 (45%) Chloramphenicol (CH), 6 (30%) Gentamycin (CN), 3 (15%) Ofloxacin (OFX). This study revealed that Enterobacteriaceae in the intestine of Geckos are multidrug resistant and are potentially harmful when in contact directly or indirectly with humans. It becomes important to educate people on the importance of personal hygiene in order to eradicate Geckos from our environment.

Concepts of Pathology from Ancient India-A Review of Sanskrit Literature

Contribution by ancient physicians from the Indian subcontinent towards the field of pathology has been largely unknown globally. This paper aims at providing a glimpse of the knowledge possessed by the Sanskrit scholars of ancient times (derived from Sanskrit texts written originally between 1500 B.C. and 1500 A.D) regarding the basis of disease and correlating their ideas with our present understanding of the concepts in Pathology. Ayurveda (traditional Indian medicine) was developed in India during the Vedic age (approximately 1500-500 BC). The early ayurvedic practitioners gave due importance to etiopathogenesis of diseases as a separate field called Nidana-shastra. (Nidāna means etiology or cause). Charaka emphasized that illness is caused by imbalance of the three principles (doshas) - vata, pitta and kapha, and that genetic defects are transmitted by either the sperm or the ovum. Sushruta depicted various modes of communicable disease transmission - physical contact, exhaled air, close contact, fomites etc, Madhava classified diseases based on pathogenesis (primary or secondary), etiology (endogenous or exogenous) and prognosis (curable, incurable, mild and acute). Chakrapani propounded that epidemics in a community occur due to deterioration of factors that are common to all who inhabit that community- namely air, water, soil, food, etc. Vagabhatta emphasized the importance of personal hygiene and proper nutrition for good health and elaborated the role of contaminated river water in several diseases. Agada tantra is the science of poisons and their antidotes which was founded by Kashyapa.

A Qualitative Inquiry into Rural Primary Schooler's Hygiene during the Covid-19 Pandemic in Kupang regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia

Introduction: The importance of personal hygiene in preventing the spread of infection cannot be underestimated. Handwashing is an essential aspect of personal hygiene, especially among children. This study aimed to explore primary school students' hygiene in rural and remote areas in the Kupang regency. Methods: This study was conducted as a part of the end line evaluation of the MEMBACA II project. Teachers from four primary schools in three villages were purposively selected to participate in this study. The teachers were recruited from the participant schools of the MEMBACA II Project. Data was collected using phone interviews. Data were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Results: In total, there were 31 participants across four primary schools interviewed. The participants consisted of teachers, village leaders, village reading camp facilitators, and school supervisors. Participants were recruited as a proxy for providing information about students' hygiene. There were three themes identified as a result of the data analysis. The first theme is an improvement in children’s hygiene behavior. The second theme is the benefit of the little doctor program in children’s hygiene practices. The third theme challenges in children’s hygiene promotion and education. Overall, children were used to handwashing practices. They understood the importance of handwashing, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. They were also aware of four essential times of handwashing. However, the adults perceived the need for handwashing equipment and access to clean water were the main challenges to maintaining students' hygiene. Conclusion: The study demonstrated the significance of regularly teaching children about handwashing in making handwashing habits among these youngsters. A continuing provision of health literacy and access to clean water is required to maintain hygiene behavior

Knowledge and practices regarding personal hygiene among primary school children

Background: Childhood plays a crucial role in moulding an individual personality and also helps in preventing various communicable and non-communicable diseases. Poor health among school children mainly results from lack of knowledge and adoption of unhealthy practices. Therefore, they should be taught regarding importance of personal hygiene in order to maintain good health. The present study was designed to assess the knowledge and practices regarding personal hygiene among primary school children in selected schools of Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample size of 150 primary school children in selected schools of Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India. Students were selected using disproportionate stratified random sampling technique over a period of two and a half months. The assent and consent were taken from the children and their mothers. A self-structured questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge and practices regarding personal hygiene among primary school children. The questionnaire focussed on ten different aspects of personal hygiene like brushing of teeth, bathing, hair wash, nail cutting, hand washing, clean clothes, wearing foot wear, and ear, food and water hygiene.Results: The mean age group for children was 10.04±0.904 years. The results showed that girls were more knowledgeable regarding personal hygiene and also practiced better personal hygiene practices as compared to boys. The educational status of mother played a positive factor in improving knowledge and practices regarding personal hygiene.Conclusions: Periodic screening of health problems along with health education should be given to primary school children in order to improve their personal hygiene and thereby leading to a healthy life.

Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection in food handlers of Iran: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Food handlers regardless of whether preparing or serving food, play key roles in the transmission of food‐borne infections. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in food handlers in Iran. In the present study, a comprehensive literature search was carried out in electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Magiran, Scientific Information Database (SID), Iran Medex and Iran Doc, to identify all the published studies from 2000 to 31st April 2019. A total of 25 articles from different regions of Iran were identified and fulfilled our eligibility criteria. Totally, 140,447 cases were examined and 1163 cases were infected with intestinal parasites. Of all cases, 19,516 were male and 5901 were female with 1163 and 652 infected cases, respectively. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections was evaluated 14.0% [95% CI: 11.0‐17.0%]. It is revealed that protozoan, such as Giardia lamblia, with prevalence of 41.0% [95% CI: 25.0‐59.0%], Blastosystis hominis with 28.0% [95% CI: 15.0‐44.0%] and Entamoeba coli with 22.0% [95% CI: 16.0‐29.0%] had the highest prevalence while, Dientamoeba fragilis 5.0% [95% CI: 4.0‐7.0%], Iodamoeba bütschlii 5.0% [95% CI: 2.0‐8.0%], Chilomastix mesnili 5.0% [95% CI: 2.0‐9.0%] and Endolimax nana with 3.0% [95% CI: 1.0‐7.0%], were less prevalent. Infection with Ascaris lumbricoides7.0% [95% CI: 0.0‐29.0%] was more prevalent helminth followed with Enterobius vermicularis 3.0% [95% CI: 1.0‐5.0%], Hymenolepis nana 2.0% [95% CI: 1.0‐3.0%], Taenia spp. 2.0% [95% CI: 0.0‐7.0%] and Trichuris trichiura 1.0% [95% CI: 0.0‐1.0%]. The high prevalence of commensal parasites, such as Entamoeba coli, which does not need cure is indicating the importance of personal hygiene in food handlers.Our results revealed the high prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection in food handlers in Iran. Monitoring programs to prevent and controlling of transmission to individuals are needed.

Social Intervention by the Numbers: Evidence Behind the Specific Public Health Guidelines in the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Social Intervention by the Numbers: Evidence Behind the Specific Public Health Guidelines in the COVID-19 Pandemic.

ASSESSMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH RISK AND AWARENESS OF SCAVENGERS TO COVID-19 IN ABUJA MUNICIPAL AREA COUNCIL, NIGERIA

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the occupational health risk of scavengers and their awareness to covid-19 in Abuja Municipal Area Council of the FCT a view to acknowledge the vulnerability of scavengers in the pandemic and how they simultaneously pose a threat to the general public.
 Methodology: A descriptive survey research was employed for the study. The population consisted of 277 scavengers, from 12 sites in Abuja Municipal Area Council. The instrument used for this study was a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire was divided into five sections. The first section collected information on socioeconomic characteristics of scavengers. The second section collected information on awareness on Covid 19 and sources of information. The third section was on use of safety tools and hygiene practices of scavengers. The forth section was on occupational injuries and diseases associated with scavenging and the fifth section was on measures taken to reduce health effects of scavenging. The questionnaire was interview-administered to the scavengers.
 Findings: The study revealed that 82.6 % of scavengers believe in the existence of Covid-19 pandemic. About 58.4% do no use hand gloves and 64.6 % do not wear boots during work. Majority (90 %) of scavengers have sustained injuries from glass and sharp objects and about 71 % form nails .Occupational disease associated with scavenging include skin rash and (83.4 %), back pain, (71.6%), chest pain, (61.4 %), Diarrhoeal ( 56.5 % and cough (45.20%). Majority (80.7 %) of the scavengers were not prepared to change their jobs, only about 30.4 % of them were prepared to purchase and use personal protective equipment as a measure to reduce occupational injury and diseases. About 53.9 % of them use illicit drugs (mainly marijuana) to overcome the stress of the job.
 Recommendations: The study, recommend that scavenging be legalized, so that the government and nongovernmental organizations can help in educating the scavengers on the importance of personal hygiene and personal protective equipment in reducing occupational injuries and diseases.

Point-of-care training program on COVID-19 infection prevention and control for pediatric healthcare workers: a multicenter, cross-sectional questionnaire survey in Shanghai, China.

BackgroundTo evaluate the effectiveness of training on knowledge and practice of infection prevention and control (IPC) among pediatric health care workers (HCW) in Shanghai, China, in the context of COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsAn online training program was designed by the Shanghai Pediatric Clinical Quality Control Center (SPQCC) during the early phase of COVID-19 pandemic on disease knowledge and practice of IPC. Training took place in the 81 partner hospitals affiliated with SPQCC. A multicenter, cross-sectional questionnaire survey was designed with a 25-item self-administered questionnaire to evaluate the knowledge gained from the training. Stratified-random sampling was used to select HCW according to three professionals (i.e., pediatricians, nurses and administrators) within each partner hospital. Awareness and knowledge of COVID-19 and its related infection control and practice were assessed by comparing survey results between different types of hospitals, professionals and professional ranks. A higher survey score meant that the respondent was more prepared and knowledgeable about COVID-19 and its infection control measures.ResultsCompleted questionnaires were returned from 1,062 subjects (385 pediatricians, 410 nurses, and 267 administrators), giving a response rate of 96.5%. Overall, awareness of clinical information related to COVID-19, importance of personal hygiene and isolation policy was high among the respondents. No statistical difference of scores on knowledge of COVID-19, IPC and relevant practice between the tertiary and peripheral hospitals. Among all respondents, middle-ranked health care personnel were most knowledgeable and achieved the highest score.ConclusionsMajority of pediatric HCW showed good recognition and practice in infection protection and control measures. The online training was able to achieve its aim to enhance knowledge and awareness and could have contributed to the zero infection rate among HCW caring for confirmed COVID-19 cases in Shanghai.

Factors Associated with Childhood Tonsillitis in Somalia

Background: Tonsillitis, acute or chronic, is more common among children than adults. Risk factors associated with the occurrence of tonsillitis among Somali children are not well-defined mainly due to lack of health research in Somalia. The purpose of this study is to identify the main risk factors of childhood tonsillitis to better prevent and avoid further complications of the disease. Methods: The study included the caregivers of 60 children with tonsillitis receiving treatment, at the time of the study, from Garowe General Hospital. A convenience sampling method was used and data were entered into SPSS and analyzed for frequency and percentages. Results: This study shows that the majority of the study participants with tonsillitis 32 (53%) were 1-7 years old and 39 (65%) of the participants were female. Childhood tonsillitis was associated with parents’ lower educational levels: illiterate 32 (53.3%), primary education 20 (33.3%), secondary school 6 (10%), and university level 2 (3.3%). The importance of personal hygiene was believed in by 31 (52%) of the caregivers, while 18 (17%) of the caregivers reported that their children do not brush their teeth at all. The majority of the caregivers 50 (83%) believed that tonsillitis is a disease with less severity. A family history of tonsillitis 49 (82%) was also associated with childhood tonsillitis. Conclusion: Low socioeconomic status, family history of tonsillitis, and poor personal hygiene were all associated with childhood tonsillitis. Furthermore, in addition to tonsillitis, some of the children in this study had malnutrition, asthma, and allergies. To successfully prevent and control childhood tonsillitis, identification of its risk factors is crucial.

PERSONAL HYGIENE PRACTICES OF PRIMARY SCHOOL PUPILS: A STRATEGY FOR FIGHTING COVID-19

The purpose of the study was to determine personal hygiene practices of primary school pupils in Owerri, Imo State. Two purposes and two research questions guided the study. The study was carried out in Imo State, Nigeria within the early (January to February, 2020) at the onset on Covid-19 Pandemics. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The study’s population was made up of 980 pupils and random sampling technique was used to derive a sample size of 200 pupils. Structured and validated questionnaire was used for data collection. Data collected were analyzed using frequency and percentage. The findings of the study showed that 89% (174) of the pupils had knowledge that personal hygiene refers to maintenance of cleanliness of one’s body and clothing. Also, 97.5% (195) of the pupils reported associating personal hygiene with good health. However, 15% (30) and 10.5% (21) of the pupils did not have knowledge that personal hygiene helps to reduce contamination of infectious diseases and prevents body odour respectively. Furthermore, the study’s results indicated that 98% (196) of the respondents do not wash their hands immediately they return back from school. Also, 22.5% (45) and 15% (30) do not cover their nose and mouth when sneezing and coughing respectively. The study concluded that personal hygiene practices of primary school pupils needs to be upgraded. The study therefore, recommended re-orientation of the pupils on the observance, need and importance of personal hygiene by the school management.

Letter to the editor regarding "A new role for orthopaedic surgeons: ongoing changes, lessons learned, and perspectives from a level I trauma center during the COVID-19 pandemic".

Letter to the editor regarding "A new role for orthopaedic surgeons: ongoing changes, lessons learned, and perspectives from a level I trauma center during the COVID-19 pandemic".

Learning opportunities from COVID-19 and future effects on health care system

Background and aimsCOVID-19 has had a crippling effect on the health care systems around the world with cancellation of elective medical services and disruption of daily life. We would like to highlight the learning opportunities offered by the current pandemic and their implication for a better future health care system. MethodsWe have undertaken a comprehensive review of the current literature to analyse the consequences of COVID-19 on health care system. Using suitable keywords like ‘COVID-19’, ‘telemedicine’, ‘health care’ and ‘remote consultations’ on the search engines of PubMed, SCOPUS, Google Scholar and Research Gate in the first week of May we gathered information on various aspects of effect of COVID-19. ResultsThere has been a shared drive worldwide to devise strategies to protect people against viral transmission with reinforcement of hand hygiene and infection control principles but also to provide continuity of health care. Virtual and remote technologies have been increasingly used in health care management. ConclusionCOVID-19 has offered unique learning opportunities for the health care sector. Rationalizing and optimizing available resources with resilience shown on the coronavirus frontline during the crisis are some of most important lessons learnt during the crisis. Importance of personal hygiene and re-enforcement of infection control measures have been acknowledged. Telemedicine revolution will be a vital factor in delivering health care in the future.