Importance Of Parental Education Research Articles

Social origins and educational attainment: The unique contributions of parental education, class, and financial resources over time.

This study examines the unique contributions of parental wealth, class background, education, and income to different measures of educational attainment. We build on recent sibling correlation approaches to estimate, using Norwegian register data, the gross and net contribution of each social origin dimension across almost 3decades of birth cohorts. Our findings suggest that parental education is crucial for all measures of children's educational outcomes in all models. In the descriptive analyses, we find that while broad education measures remain stable or decrease over time, attaining higher tertiary education and elite degrees is more stable or increasingly dependent on family background, especially parental financial resources. While gross sibling correlation models show somewhat decreasing trends in the contribution of education in all measures of educational outcomes, net models show that the unique contributions of financial resources have increased over time. Our results lend some support to the idea of education as a positional good and suggest that educational inequalities reflect broader patterns of inequality in society. Our results further indicate that the importance of parental education and cultural capital for children's education can be explained by within-resource transmission but that pro-educational norms tied to wealth may play an increasingly important role in educational mobility. In summary, this study sheds light on the multidimensional nature of social origins and highlights the role of different factors in shaping educational outcomes over time.

The importance of parental education and cultural humility when addressing co‐sleeping with infants

Last October, an Indiana woman was charged with two felonies for her infant's death related to co‐sleeping, after she had lost another infant to the same cause in 2020. The rationale for her indictment was that she should have been cognizant of the risk. This was also the case with an Ohio woman early this year for the same set of tragedies, and a FL woman in January as well, also two infants. A quick search yields a concerning number of these cases, and indeed the American Association of Pediatrics (AAP) notes that approximately 3500 infants die annually of sleep related factors (Moon et al, 2022).

Quality of life in children with Down syndrome and its association with parent and child demographic characteristics: Parent-reported measures.

This study aims to explore the association between the quality of life (QoL) in children with Down syndrome (DS) and its relationship with demographic characteristics of both parents and children. The investigation encompasses five domains: physical and psychological well-being, autonomy and parental relationship, social well-being, and peers, as well as school and the learning environment. An online questionnaire, the KIDSCREEN-27, was used to measure the QoL of 112 families with DS in Saudi Arabia, referred to as "Parent-Reported Measures." Descriptive statistics were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. The study found that the QoL of children with DS showed high scores in the psychological well-being, autonomy, parental relations, school, and learning environment domains. However, the physical and social well-being and peer domains had lower scores, although still considered "good scores." Family income had a positively significant influence on all QoL domains. Specifically, higher family income was associated with better QoL outcomes, except for social well-being. Parental age was found to influence psychological well-being, while parental education and the relationship between the parent and child influenced social well-being. Lastly, the child's gender was found to have an impact on the school and learning environment domain. The study highlights the importance of understanding the impact of the demographic variability of children with DS and their parents on the QoL of their children. It emphasizes the need to address the needs of families with lower incomes and the importance of parental education and relationships with their children in improving social well-being. The findings could aid policymakers and healthcare providers in improving the QoL for families with children who have DS.

The investigation of the relationship between internalizing/externalizing problems and temperament, family functioning, child-rearing attitudes

Objective: This study was aimed to evaluate the relationship between internalizing/ externalizing problems and child temperament characteristics, family functioning and child-rearing attitudes. Methods: One hundred and fifty-seven children with internalizing and externalizing and their parents were included in this study. Internalizing and externalizing problems were evaluated by ‘Children Behavior Checklist’, child temperament was evaluated by ‘School-age Children Temperament Inventory’, family functioning was evaluated by ‘Family Assessment Device’ (FAD) and child-rearing attitudes were evaluated by ‘Parental Attitude Research Instrument’ (PARI). Results: Modelling test has been revealed that affective responsiveness feature subscales of FAD has a mediator effect on the relation found between in which both internalizing and externalizing problems, and marital conflict, rejection of the home making role and equalitarianism and democratic attitudes feature subscales of PARI. Similarly, modelling test has been pointed out that behavior control feature subscales of FAD has a mediator effect on the relation found between externalizing problems and strictness and authoritarianism feature subscales of PARI. Discussion: Our findings showed that family functioning has a mediator effect on the between internalizing/externalizing problems and child-rearing attitudes, these results indicated the importance of parent education in treatment. Long-term follow-up studies are required to determine relationships between internalizing /externalizing problems with child-rearing attitude and family functioning.

Equality of Opportunity and Achievement Gaps in the Israeli Education System

The Israeli government regularly uses the Educational Needs Index (ENI) to determine the resources needed to educate children growing up in less affluent environments. This paper investigates some results of this practice. By using data from children who were tested in nationwide exams at grades 5 and 8 we find that in Mathematics, at the school level, the negative correlation between the average test scores and the ENI is about 2.2 times higher in grade 8 than in grade 5 and that children from low index schools are more likely to improve their scores. OLS and quantile regressions of a value-added model on a subsample of the data emphasize the importance of parental education to children's educational attainment. It also shows a negative effect of the ENI on test scores. Our final conclusion is that the Israeli education policy fails to fully guarantee equality of opportunity to its students.

B-23 * Neuropsychological Impact of Turner Syndrome: Importance of Parent Education, Early Detection, and Intervention: A Case Study

B-23 * Neuropsychological Impact of Turner Syndrome: Importance of Parent Education, Early Detection, and Intervention: A Case Study

TV viewing and obesity among Norwegian children: the importance of parental education

To analyse the effect of lifestyle factors on the prevalence of overweight and obesity in 6-15-year-old Norwegian children. Questionnaire data on lifestyle factors (sedentary behaviour, activity and eating habits) and prevalence numbers of overweight and obesity based on measured height and weight were analysed using multinomial logistic regression in a sample of 2281 children included in the Bergen Growth Study. More screen time increased the risk of overweight (odds ratio (OR): 1.25; p = 0.02) and obesity (OR: 1.12; p = 0.02) as did the presence of a TV in the child's bedroom (OR: 1.26 (overweight), OR: 1.81 (obese); p = 0.04). The obese children reported less sugar intake than the not overweight children (OR: 0.58; p = 0.01). Higher parental education was associated with less screen time (p = 0.02), lower frequency of TV in the child's bedroom (p = 0.001), more sports (p = 0.005), as well as eating more fruit and vegetables, less sweets, soft drinks and fast food, and more regular meals (for all, p < 0.03). Indicators of sedentary lifestyle, such as screen time and the presence of a TV in the child's bedroom, were associated with overweight and obesity in Norwegian schoolchildren. Higher parental education was generally associated with less obesogenic lifestyle.

Learning and the Form of Compensation

Using data from the PSID and an empirical setup similar to the one used in Altonji and Pierret (Q J Econ 116(1):313–350, 2001)’s paper on wages and employer learning, we find that the coefficient of a hard-to-observe correlate of productivity—parents’ educational attainment—in a wage regression increases more rapidly with experience in performance pay jobs than in nonperformance pay jobs. This result is driven entirely by bonus pay jobs as opposed to commission/piece rate jobs. In the latter, there is no evidence that the importance of parental education in the wage determination process increases over time. This is consistent with the notion that explicit pay-for-performance compensation schemes are, by design, revealing workers’ productivities and that employers need not infer anything about worker productivity when the payment is ex post as is the case for commissions and piece rates as opposed to having to set pay ex ante.

Socioeconomic Differences in Fetal and Infant Mortality in Scandinavia

This study demonstrates that socioeconomic differences do exist in all three Scandinavian countries, and these differences have implications for perinatal and infant survival. Using parental education as a proxy for socioeconomic conditions, the association with perinatal survival seems to be stronger in Denmark and Norway than in Sweden. For postneonatal mortality the association is equally strong in the three countries. Data from one of the countries (Norway) demonstrates the joint importance of parental education, and the association with paternal education is equally strong as that with maternal education. If father and mother have the lowest level of education, their offspring has 50 to 80% higher perinatal and infant mortality risks. These observations call for further research into the association between social variables and health in order to tease out causal relationships which might lead to future preventive actions.

Infant and Child Mortality in Pakistan--Some Trends and Differentials

Data from reproductive histories collected in the Population Labor Force and Migration Survey (PLM) of 1979 are used to analyze trends and differentials in infant and child mortality in Pakistan. Comparisons with the Pakistan Fertility Survey (PFS) findings are also presented. The main concern is to provide from the latest national data the PLM direct measures of infant and child mortality and to demonstrate the relatively static and low chances of survival for children in Pakistan. The apparent trends from the PLM and the PFS are similar and seem to confirm that infant and childhood mortality has ceased to decline at least rapidly since 1965-69. Neonatal mortality is higher at levels of 70-85 deaths/1000 compared to postneonatal mortality of 40-60 deaths/1000. Improvements in neonatal rates from 1950 until 1975 are only approximately 1/2 of those for postneonatal rates for that period. The relationship between maternal age and mortality in the PLM data confirms that children of youngest mothers experienced the highest rates of infant mortality; mortality is again higher for children of oldest mothers aged 35 and above. The pattern of mortality in the 2 surveys is similar except that in the PFS there was little variation among births higher than 5th order. Sex differentials in mortality are very clear in both surveys. Boys have higher chances of dying in the 1st month of life but then the probability of their surviving from age 1 to 5 years is higher reflecting the behavioral preference for the male sex in this society. The data also demonstrate an almost monotonic decline in infant and child mortality associated with longer birth intervals. Childhood mortality shows a less clear association with preceding birth interval than does infant mortality. While neonatal mortality is much higher in rural than in urban areas there are negligible differences in the postneonatal rate. The urban-rural differential continues into childhood reflecting lower health care and nutrition of children in rural areas. The data confirm the importance of parental education particularly that of mothers as a contributor to the health and mortality of infants. Mortality between age 1 and 5 years for children of the rural educated group is lower than that for the urban uneducated indicating the strong influence that education of mothers can have in preventing child loss. The combined evidence from the PFS and PLM data stresses the importance of improving health facilities in the rural areas in aneffort to reduce the differences in mortality by area of residence. The data from both surveys also suggest the need to restrict motherhood to between the ages of 20 and 34 when obstetrical and health risks are minimal and indicate the definite advantages of increasing the spacing between children.

A comprehensive and systematic approach to parent education

Abstract This paper emphasizes the importance of parent education, particularly in our current rapidly changing society. The history of parent education is briefly reviewed and a new program called STEP, Systematic Training for Effective Parenting is discussed in detail.