National Importance Research Articles

Digital Access to Asia: An Analysis of the Coverage of Digital Asia Collections in Australian University Libraries

ABSTRACT Asia collections in Australian university libraries play a crucial role in supporting the teaching and research of Asian Studies and languages, as well as fostering a deeper understanding of Asia. Given Australia’s strategic location in the Asia-Pacific region, the study of Asia is of significant practical and national importance; however, it has faced a decline marked by the closure of Asian studies programs and reductions in resources. Initially developed in response to increased university investment in Asian area studies and language teaching, these collections have transitioned from print to digital formats, incorporating diverse materials related to Asia’s history, culture, languages, and societies. The article builds on the seminal appraisal by Bishop and Weller (1970), which highlighted the challenges of developing Asia collections due to limited access to print resources from regions with underdeveloped publishing industries. This paper analyses the current status of Asia-related collections in digital format, complementing existing literature focused primarily on print collections. It highlights innovations in information access through vendor subscription-based databases, which have transformed academic libraries’ ability to acquire materials. The study reveals trends in the growth of digital resources and examines the strengths and gaps in the coverage of Asia materials within contemporary academic libraries.

CITIZEN JOURNALISM PRACTICE AND SOCIAL MEDIA USAGE DURING SOCIAL DARWINISM (#EndSARS) PROTEST AMONG YOUTHS IN LAGOS, NIGERIA

The study investigated social media usage for the popular #EndSARS protest that changed and shook the nation's landscape. Social Darwinist ideas was used to rationalize the marginalization of certain groups who may be seen as less capable or inferior. It explored the usage of social media that allowed the effective sharing of audio-visual messages by the #EndSARS protesters, especially the youths in Ikeja. 400 copies of questionnaire data were tested using simple percentages and presented in frequency distribution tables, the study concluded that youths use the media peculiar to them like social media for protest activities. The traditional media sought more objective ways to improve the reportage of events especially of national importance and concern to youths.

M. Gorky's Magazine “Literary Studies” as a School for Beginning Authors (1930–1931)

The article examines the history of the journal “Literary Studies” in the period from 1930 to 1931: this is the stage of formation of a periodical aimed at novice writers. In the process of creating the magazine, Gorky proved himself to be an educator and mentor of Soviet literature personnel. Working with novice/young authors was a matter of national importance for the writer. In 1929, the leaders of the LAPP turned to the writer for help, asking him to support their initiative to publish a magazine to help young writers. Gorky not only supported, but also responded with the article “The working class must educate its masters of culture”. In the summer of 1929, Leningrad writers A. Kamegulov, Y. Libedinsky and others began organizational work on the creation of the magazine. Gorky at the initial stage vigorously supported the initiative of the youth. After solving organizational and other issues, the writer headed the editorial board of the magazine and remained in office until 1936. Gorky participated in the journal not only as an organizer, but also as an author of articles, a reviewer of works by novice authors. In March 1930 The first issue of the journal “Literary Studies: A magazine for self-education edited by Gorky” has been published. This period in the history of the periodical was characterized not only by the search for one's own face, but also by the selection of authors who can convey to their readers in an accessible form the necessary provisions and principles of literary work. The magazine was not spared the literary and political struggles of 1930. Disputes arose in the editorial board between representatives of Litfront and RAPP, which affected the situation in the editorial office and the work of the magazine. The result was the reorganization of the magazine initiated by Gorky. For the first time, the article publishes archival documents from the Archive of A.M. Gorky (Moscow, IMLI RAS), revealing individual episodes of the history of the journal. The thematic richness revealed during the work on the article helped to establish the assumption that the study of the history of Gorky's organizational projects is one of the most important strategic tasks in the study of the literary process of the twentieth century.

An Examination of the Influence of Soviet Educational Policies on the Evolution of Nationalism in the USSR

The role nationalism played in the collapse of the USSR always attracted much heated debate among historians and its importance ranged from irrelevant to contributory. This essay includes not only the importance of nationalism in the fall of the USSR but also the influence of Soviet education on the evolution of nationalism. The essay systematically scrutinizes the educational policies, institutions, and major reforms from 1917 to 1991 and analyzes the effectiveness of education, including history (the major social science subject) and the use of language, in controlling the development of nationalism. The Soviet education was to a large degree failing in controlling the development of nationalist sentiment, because of that the effort to build a transnational proletarian union was upset by the rhetoric of Russian chauvinism and nationalism and volatile policies about the language used in education from Koreniztsiya to Russification sent a warning signal to national minorities in the Soviet Union from Baltic states to Central Asian republics. The nationalism contributed to significant separatism in Georgia and the Baltic states, but its role was insignificant in the deterioration of allegiance to the Union in key republics, such as Ukraine and Russia.

Edge Computing-Driven Real-Time Drone Detection Using YOLOv9 and NVIDIA Jetson Nano

Drones, with their ability to vertically take off and land with their stable hovering performance, are becoming favorable in both civilian and military domains. However, this introduces risks of its misuse, which may include security threats to airports, institutes of national importance, VIP security, drug trafficking, privacy breaches, etc. To address these issues, automated drone detection systems are essential for preventing unauthorized drone activities. Real-time detection requires high-performance devices such as GPUs. For our experiments, we utilized the NVIDIA Jetson Nano to support YOLOv9-based drone detection. The performance evaluation of YOLOv9 to detect drones is based on metrics like mean average precision (mAP), frames per second (FPS), precision, recall, and F1-score. Experimental data revealed significant improvements over previous models, with a mAP of 95.7%, a precision of 0.946, a recall of 0.864, and an F1-score of 0.903, marking a 4.6% enhancement over YOLOv8. This paper utilizes YOLOv9, optimized with pre-trained weights and transfer learning, achieving significant accuracy in real-time drone detection. Integrated with the NVIDIA Jetson Nano, the system effectively identifies drones at altitudes ranging from 15 feet to 110 feet while adapting to various environmental conditions. The model’s precision and adaptability make it particularly suitable for deployment in security-sensitive areas, where quick and accurate detection is crucial. This research establishes a solid foundation for future counter-drone applications and shows great promise for enhancing situational awareness in critical, high-risk environments.

ОПИСИ ВИСОКОГО ЗАМКУ З ПЕРЕЛІКОМ ПРИМІЩЕНЬ І ОБ’ЄКТІВ

The article is devoted to a detailed review of the High Castle - one of the key historical monuments of the city of Lviv, which carries centuries-old history, cultural and historical traditions. Located on one of the highest hills of Lviv, the castle witnessed numerous historical events that took place on the territory of Ukraine and Europe. Its walls preserved the history of greatness and fall, cultural flourishing and war destruction. Despite the fact that time and historical events have mercilessly affected the preservation of the castle, it remains an important part of the historical heritage and cultural landscape of Lviv. From descriptions stored in illustrations and inventories, from various archival references, from plans and old drawings on engravings and oil paintings - it is possible to reproduce an incomplete picture of what our High Castle looked like. However, the study of the history of the fortifications of the High Castle is largely found in the works of historians such as D. Zubrytskyi (Zubrytskyi, 2006), M. Hrushevskyi (Hrushevskyi, 1897) and S. Tersky (Tersky, 2010). In his monograph, O. Cholovskyi (Cholovskyi, 1910) provides a brief outline of the history of research into the High Castle, information about the layout and features of the castle buildings. In Ukrainian architectural science, there is no systematized, comprehensive and unified historical and architectural information about the architectural development of the High Castle, which belongs to the historical and architectural monument of national importance, is an object of the protected zone of the city center of Lviv. The main attention in the article is devoted to a comprehensive description of all of the premises of the High Castle, namely information on the functional purpose of the premises with a detailed description of their historical purpose, architectural features, unique artifacts and exhibits. Connections between architectural elements and historical periods of the castle's development have been established.

An Economic Analysis of Maize Production across Major Producing States of India

National Food Security Mission has been taken by Government of India to increase coarse cereal Maize production in the country to meet food, feed for livestock and poultry and industrial raw material, domestic as well as global demand. The traditional and modern industrial uses have made it one of the fastest growing cash crops in the world. Considering its global as well as national importance, In this article, we have analysed the relative change, growth rate and CDVI (cuddy-della valle-index) in cost, returns, profitability and break-even production of maize during the study period 2000-01 to 2018-19 of Maize across major Maize growing states of India. The study found that Cost A1, cost A2, cost B1, cost B2, cost C1 and cost C2 of maize was found to be increased higher in Madhya Pradesh with highly significant annual growth rate during the study period than other states. These cost concepts showed low to medium instability for almost all the leading states. The findings revealed that maize was more profitable in Bihar, followed by Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka, owing to higher net income and B:C ratios than in other states. Bihar states had higher differential yield and a greater discrepancy between the cost of production and the minimum support price. In some states, actual yields were lower than break-even, and production costs were greater than the minimum support price, resulting in losses for maize growers. The study's findings would help policymakers and governments devise appropriate development strategies and effective policies for less lucrative states.

Exploring the potential of Self-Management and Recovery Training (SMART Recovery) mutual-help groups for supporting people who use methamphetamine: A qualitative study examining participant experience of initiation and engagement

IntroductionImproving support options for people who use methamphetamine is of critical national and global importance. The role of mutual-help groups within the treatment-seeking journey of people who use methamphetamine is unclear. Self-Management and Recovery Training (‘SMART Recovery’) mutual-help groups are led by a trained facilitator and support participants to work on individual goals, including, but not limited to abstinence. This study examined how people who use methamphetamine came to be involved in SMART Recovery mutual-help groups and factors associated with engagement. MethodsA sample of Australian SMART Recovery participants who self-reported using methamphetamine in the preceding 12-months (n = 18) discussed their history of substance use and experience of service provision in a semi-structured telephone interview. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analysed using iterative categorization. ResultsParticipant initiation of SMART Recovery groups was described across two themes: i) delayed attendance and ii) use as an adjunct to other services. Factors associated with engagement were discussed in terms of: i) the ‘fit’ of SMART Recovery mutual-help groups; ii) coping and tolerance of discomfort; iii) the power of shared lived experience; iv) choice and autonomy; and v) short-term goal setting supports self-efficacy and the possibility of change. Discussion and conclusionsSMART Recovery mutual-help groups show promise for engaging people who use methamphetamine. There is a clear need to improve awareness of mutual-help group options amongst service users, providers and the general community. Offering choice over mutual-help groups may help to engage people earlier and support improved linkage between services.

A Perényiek nyalábvári reneszánsz központja

The Ugocsa estates of the Perényi family, Korolevo and the castle of Nyaláb, became Renaissance monuments of national importance in the 16th century. The era was defined by ominous events: the Dózsa Rebellion, the invasion of Ottoman Turks, and the country’s division into three parts. As a result of political events, manorial centres on the periphery of the Kingdom of Hungary paradoxically sometimes had more opportunities for development than the central areas of the country. The battles raged, but the wealthy Perényi family, which gained national influence and played a decisive role in the north-eastern counties, donated to literature and art because they wanted to develop the Hungarian language. It was important for them to be the first ones to read the letters of Saint Paul in print in their native language; they encouraged and sponsored the publication of Benedek Komjáthy’s Bible translation; and they supported the intellectual activity of the first Reformers. In addition, the traveling singer Péter Ilosvai Selymes also started and finished his career with them, and even Bálint Balassi was connected to the Perényi family. Support for the publication of psalms, religious songs, secular poems, and stories is connected to the family. In addition to the men of outstanding individuality and charity (Gábor Perényi, János P., István P., etc.), there was the caring mother, a woman who also dealt with economic matters in her widowhood: Katalin P. Frangepán. In addition to supporting literature, the activities of this noble family in supporting the fine arts cannot be neglected either. Stone carvings and stove tiles with the Perényi coat of arms or Renaissance flower motifs made in the castle of Nyaláb can be compared to the works of art in Sárospatak and elsewhere. Thanks to the activities of the Perényi family who donated to art and science and tolerated the culture of other ethnicities in addition to the Hungarian, such unique spiritual treasures as, for example, the Gospel of Korolevo – one of the oldest written records of Transcarpathia and Ukraine, were able to survive to this day. It can be said that Korolevo and the castle of Nyaláb became one of the cradles of Hungarian literature born at the beginning of the 16th century during the time of the Perényi family.

Integrating health in urban planning curriculum across Indian planning institutes

Urban planning significantly influences the physical and health profile of urban environments. This paper explores the critical nexus between urban planning and public health, emphasizing the urgent need to integrate health considerations into the urban planning curriculum in India. Current urban planning courses often overlook public health aspects, resulting in a disconnect that could hinder the ability of urban environments to meet the health and well-being needs of their populations. Through a comprehensive review and analysis of curriculum data from selected Indian institutions of national importance—including the School of Planning and Architecture, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, and National Institute of Technology, Bhopal—this study identifies significant gaps in the inclusion of health-related content in urban planning education. The analysis reveals a low occurrence of health-related themes within the planning curriculum, with essential topics like public health history, environmental health, and health impact assessments seldom addressed. To bridge these gaps, the paper suggests incorporating mandatory health-focused courses, such as Health Impact Assessments and public health fundamentals, into the curriculum. It also recommends interdisciplinary collaboration with public health professionals to enrich planning education. By restructuring the curriculum to include more comprehensive health-related education, future urban planners can be better equipped to create healthier and more sustainable urban environments, ultimately enhancing public health outcomes in rapidly urbanizing spaces. This research not only sheds light on current educational inadequacies but also proposes actionable steps towards a more holistic integration of health and urban planning disciplines.

Inclusivity-based intervention to enhance religious tolerance among junior high school students

This community service program is inspired by indications or trends of religious intolerance among students in Indonesia. We designed this community service as a preventive intervention to enhance the understanding and levels of religious tolerance among junior high school students. The intervention emphasizes the importance of nationalism towards the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (Indonesian: Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia/NKRI) and religious moderation as enhancing factors of religious tolerance. Fifty-eight students of SMPN 10 Kota Malang participated in the pre-test and post-test. Data analysis built upon paired sample t-tests with bootstrapping. The results indicated that, first, general knowledge scores regarding religious tolerance (e.g., the meaning or definition of religious tolerance, positive impacts of religious tolerance) and specific knowledge about forms of religious tolerance were significantly higher at the post-test stage compared to the pre-test. Secondly, the intervention proved effective in enhancing religious tolerance, particularly in terms of interreligious respect and politics, as their scores at the post-test stage were significantly higher compared to the pre-test. The third finding showed that participants positively evaluated the community service activities in terms of their objectives, implementation, and outcomes. Participants also perceived the community service activities as beneficial in fulfilling their need for a better understanding of religious tolerance. Overall, the empirical findings in this community service program imply that inclusivity in society plays a crucial role in enhancing religious tolerance among junior high school students.

До проблеми визначення пройденого шляху для розрахування плати за проїзд автомобільними дорогами

Introduction. Various contactless vehicle identification systems on public roads are widely used in global practice. They solve a wide range of problems, from tracking traffic flows and collecting tolls for road usage to designating parking spots and digital identification. A key role in implementing the state's transportation strategy is played by the development of transport infrastructure, the most crucial component of which is the public road network of national importance. This network has suffered damage due to the full-scale invasion by the Russian Federation. The network is vital for the country's defense logistics, industrial and agricultural efficiency, and ensuring adequate societal communication. The main source of road infrastructure funding is the Road Fund, formed from revenues from excise duties and import tariffs on petroleum products, as well as excise duties and import tariffs on vehicles and tires imported into Ukraine.

Впровадження автоматизованих систем моніторингу мостових споруд в Україні: Світовий досвід та національні перспективи

ntroduction. Highway bridges are an important element of the transport infrastructure of any country, and Ukraine is no exception. Their safe operation is critical to ensure the sustainable functioning of logistics systems and economic development of regions. However, due to constant loads, the impact of natural factors and insufficient funding for maintenance, a significant number of bridges in Ukraine are in poor technical condition. Accordingly, it is necessary to take measures to diagnose the condition of bridges in a timely manner and prevent possible accidents. In this context, automated condition monitoring systems (ACMS) are an effective tool for ensuring the smooth operation of such structures. Problem Statement. There are more than 16 thousand bridges on public roads of national importance in Ukraine, more than half of which do not meet modern standards for dimensions and load capacity. The problem is particularly acute for bridges that have been in operation for more than 40 years, as they are more prone to accidents. Due to the lack of systematic monitoring and control of the technical condition of such structures, there is a threat of their destruction. In the world practice, automated monitoring systems are actively used to prevent such situations. In Ukraine, the need to implement such systems is becoming increasingly relevant in the face of increased requirements for infrastructure security.

The pension system of Kazakhstan: savings analysis, review of investment portfolio and prospects for profitability increase

The article considers the pension system of the Republic of Kazakhstan as the most important element of the system of social protection of the population and a major investment player in the market, which is responsible for the safety of pension savings of the population. Consequently, it is necessary to constantly monitor the quality of pension provision and financial sustainability of the pension system in order to ensure the adequacy of pension payments to maintain a decent standard of living for pensioners, taking into account the inflation rate in the country. Thus, it is necessary to carefully assess the possible consequences of investment decisions in order to prevent the depreciation of pension system participants' savings. The pension system is an important element for ensuring the stability of the country's population. It forms the foundation of social security for citizens, creating financial security for them during the period of disability or retirement. Due to demographic changes in the country, the pension system is being reformed, which in turn affects financial stability in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The article presents a number of key roles and functions within the pension system, analyzes the volume of pension savings and the number of individual pension accounts in the cities of national importance, presents the structure of the investment portfolio of the PAs of the Unified Accumulative Pension Fund (UAPF), which are under the trust management of the NBRK, in the context of financial instruments. Proposals on how to increase investment income have been developed.

FUNDAMENTALS OF QUALITY ASSURANCE IN THE HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM

This study explores the critical issue of quality assurance in higher education systems, both in Kazakhstan and globally, where universities operate in a «consumer market» with students selecting educational programs, institutions, and resources. Based on an analysis of international and domestic research, the study aims to identify the foundations of quality assurance in higher education. The authors highlight key aspects of higher education quality, including student quality, teaching characteristics, academic regulations, and administrative support. Educational quality is examined within the context of international standards as a matter of national importance, with education levels serving as a foundation for economic development of both state and society. The research analysis reveals that various approaches, methods, and criteria for quality management are employed in creating systems for ensuring and assessing the quality of higher education institutions in Kazakhstan and abroad. These include the evaluative method of university activity quality management (SWOT analysis), Total Quality Management (TQM) strategy, and an approach based on the requirements of international quality standards ISO 9000:2000. The study notes that Kazakhstan has adopted a management model based on the ISO 9000:2000 international quality standards. This comprehensive review contributes to the understanding of quality assurance mechanisms in higher education and their implications for educational policy and practice.

REVOLUTIONARY MOVEMENT IN TURKEY

In this article, the processes of national importance that influenced the emergence, formation and development of the Jadidist movement in Turkestan are studied.

ANALYSIS OF MODERN SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL RESEARCH IN THE FIELD OF WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

Solving the problem of ensuring the reliable functioning of drainage systems is important not only for Ukraine, but also for scientists around the world. Since these systems are critically important for life support, their uninterrupted operation is of strategic national importance. The issue of preservation and restoration of existing underground communications is gaining particular relevance due to increased environmental requirements. To protect groundwater from contamination with aggressive reagents, it is important to understand the reasons for the destruction of underground communications structures and effective methods of their repair. The article analyzes scientific works related to the problems of ensuring the trouble-free operation of objects that are part of the complex of constructions of sewer tunnels of the city. Grouped according to the direction of research work: research on the corrosion process in water drainage networks; analysis of modern ones; materials, laboratory tests; technologies for restoring drainage networks. Analysis of studies of the condition of structures of objects; research of materials and methods of repair and restoration of sewage tunnels and inspection shafts, which are currently used with high efficiency in domestic and foreign practice; development of technological and organizational solutions and restoration of destroyed sewage structures of drainage networks. The analysis of the researches of domestic scientists showed that the sewer tunnels of large cities of Ukraine are worn out as a result of long-term operation, ineffective solutions to protect structures from the influence of an aggressive environment, low-quality materials and structures used during construction. Restoring normative operational characteristics, increasing the durability of sewage tunnels is a costly and technically complex task, the solution of which is urgently needed to prevent accidents, including those with serious environmental consequences. Existing modern technologies of work performance, materials and structures used for repair and restoration works with different efficiency solve these problems, at the same time, the need to reduce costs for repair and restoration works requires the search for cost-effective materials, structures and methods of work performance. The analysis of the conducted studies shows that the problem of increasing the durability of sewage network structures should be solved comprehensively, taking into account the current situation.

Peculiarities of clay soils research in the course of forensic soil examination

Methods of clay soils research that take into account the specifics of expert study of soil objects are defined. In order to classify a soil as clay, the mechanical composition is first examined. According to this indicator, clay soils are divided into loam, light clay, and heavy clay. Clay is classified as a mineral resource of national importance, while loam is classified as a mineral resource of local importance. These soils may be subject to illegal mining. The article analyses the possibilities of applying various methods for the expert study of clay soils, namely, the method of sedimentation analysis and the ‘field’ method. After establishing the mechanical composition and classification of samples as clay soils, it is recommended to determine the plasticity index, according to which the soils are classified as loams or clays. The analysis is described in accordance with the State Standard of Ukraine Б B.2.1-17:2009 “Bases and foundations of buildings and structures. Soils. Methods of laboratory determination of physical properties”. It is shown that in the course of forensic soil examination, the use of the “field” method in combination with the determination of the plasticity number allows soil samples to be classified as clay soils without the need for a long sedimentation analysis. The proposals presented in this article may be useful for selecting effective expert methods for the study of clay soils during the forensic examination of materials, substances and products in the expert speciality 8.8 “Soil Research”.

ROAD ACCIDENTS IN URBAN AREAS IN ALGERIA. THE CASE OF THE CITIES OF CONSTANTINE AND ALI MENDJELI

Road safety is a major concern for countries around the world, as it is directly related to the sense of well-being. Road accidents have serious consequences for the victims and impose considerable economic burdens on the state, since their handling is delicate. The African continent, including Algeria, has a high accident rate. In this study, we chose the state of Constantine because of its national importance. Between 2020 and 2022, it recorded a significant number of accidents, particularly in the new town of Ali Mendjeli and the town of Constantine. These areas, with their dense populations and their high attractiveness due to the diversity of facilities they have, are experiencing very large flows and consequently considerable traffic. A territorial analysis of these accidents allows to highlight the dangerous areas, understand the causes and determine the types of victims. From which the identification of the sites most exposed to accidents has allowed us to identify many factors of this risk.

Transformation trajectory of wetland and suitability of migratory water bird habitat in the moribund Ganges delta.

Wetland is a suitable habitat for water birds, and it enhances cultural ecosystem services. But the rapid transformation of such habitat, especially in floodplain environments, is an emerging crisis. Wetland reclamation and fragmentation are two major issues leading to poor habitat and landscape. The present paper aimed to explore the spatio-temporal changes in the suitability of wetland bird habitat, wetland landscape pattern, and the connection between them. Two wetlands, including a wetland of national importance, were taken as cases for this study. Time series Landsat and Sentinel images were taken for developing modeling parameters and Land Use Land Cover (LULC) for the years 2016 and 2020. The first transformation of wetland was accounted from the LULC maps of both years. Machine learning algorithm-based spatial models were developed for mapping the poor landscape condition of the existing wetland parts. Finally, semi-subjective analytic hierarchy approach (AHP)-based models were developed for assessing waterbird habitat suitability. Results demarcated more than 48% area belonging primarily to edges and tiny patches of wetlands under a poor state in 2020. Although the total wetland area was reduced between 2016 and 2020, the wetland area found to be highly suitable habitat increased from 25.5 to 59.44% of the total area during that period. The suitability of edge-preferring bird habitat showed a 10% increase. The increasing poverty of the landscape was caused by declining edge-preferring bird habitat suitability. From 1990 to 2020, 27% of wetlands were converted to single-cropped lands, and 5% were converted to multi-cropped agricultural land. Since the study spatially identified the potential suitable area and trend of wetland habitat transformation, this could help policymakers define suitable planning for the restoration and conservation of such promising bird habitat.