Importance Of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research Articles

Magnetic resonance imaging for proper diagnosis and management of Müllerian duct anomalies

The objective of this study was to highlight the importance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in achieving an accurate early diagnosis and facilitating precise treatment planning for Müllerian duct anomalies (MDAs). To discuss this topic, we present two case reports.Case 1: a 19-year-old nulliparous female presented with primary amenorrhea and normal secondary sexual characteristics. Vaginal inspection revealed a shortened vagina, but no discernible cervix. Transvaginal ultrasound (US) subsequently showed an oval structure initially thought to be the cervix, but no visible uterus or ovaries. MRI eventually confirmed a diagnosis of Mayer–Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser (MRKH) syndrome, with an absence of a uterus, cervix and upper section of the vagina, and the presence of a median fibrous remnant. Case 2: a 24-year-old nulliparous female presented with severe dysmenorrhea and uterine tenderness upon physical examination. Initial US evaluation pointed to bilateral hydrosalpinx. Pelvic MRI finally confirmed a left unicornuate uterus with a rudimentary non-communicating right cavity and associated hematosalpinx. The patient underwent surgical removal of the right rudimentary horn and fallopian tube.These cases demonstrate how MRI yields a much more detailed evaluation of the anatomy of the pelvic region. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can significantly reduce the risk of complications and enhance outcomes.

Uncommon Posterior Disc Displacement of Temporomandibular Joint - A Case Report

Abstract Rationale: Posterior disc displacement (PDD) is an uncommon condition in which disc tissue is located between the posterior surface of the condyle and post-glenoid tubercle. The etiopathogenesis of this condition is idiopathic. There are different predisposing factors in the literature which are consistent with the presented case such as lack of anterior prominence of the disc, thinning of the posterior zone of the disc and perforation of the disc. Patient Concerns: We report an uncommon temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthropathy case of a 33-year-old female patient, who presented with long-standing TMJ pain associated with limited mouth opening. Diagnosis: The patient was diagnosed with non-reducible PDD of TMJ bilaterally. Treatment: Open surgery of TMJ (Discopexy) was the choice of treatment to release and mobilise discs. Outcomes: A noticeable increase in mouth opening without pain in TMJ area was achieved immediately after surgery and remained stable during periodic follow-ups. Take-away Lessons: The importance of magnetic resonance imaging as a diagnostic tool for arthropathy, to determine the proper management is essential. Moreover, the root of the helix inter tragus notch incision presents an advantage of open surgery of TMJ which results in immediate outcome with limited complications.

Added Value of Supplemental Screening Breast MRI in Women at Average or Intermediate Breast Cancer Risk Using Abbreviated Protocols

Background: The importance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) screening in high-risk women is well-known; however, its utility in women at average or intermediate risk is not well-established. The main purpose of the study was to investigate the added value and cancer detection rate (CDR) of using abbreviated MRI protocols in average or intermediate-risk women. Methods: A total of 431 asymptomatic women with average or intermediate risk of breast cancer who underwent screening abbreviated MRI from May 2019 to May 2022 were recruited. CDR in screening MRI among average or intermediate-risk women and in low or high-breast composition was calculated. Results: In 173 patients with intermediate risk, 5(1.16%) malignant lesions were detected and in 258 average-risk patients, 10(2.32%) added cancers were found in screening abbreviated MRI compared to mammography. Among the 15 malignant lesions, more cancers in high breast composition were detected (11 vs. 4 cases); however, there was no statistically significant difference between the cancer detection rate and breast composition. In intermediate-risk women with high breast composition, 3 (0.69%) malignant lesions, and in average-risk women with high breast composition, 8 (1.85%) added cancers were found. Conclusion: We provided 3.48% added cancer detection in screening abbreviated MRI compared to mammography. Therefore, screening abbreviated MRI with less image acquisition and interpretation time may be useful as a supplemental screening tool for cancer detection especially in high breast composition.

Role of MRI in detection of lumber spine pathologies using 1.5 tesla (MRI)

Background: This study investigates the diagnostic accuracy of MRI in detecting various lumbar spine pathologies in patients with lower back pain. Lower back pain (LBP) is a prevalent issue affecting 80%–85% of the population during their lifetime, contributing significantly to global disability. LBP is nonspecific in 95% of cases but can stem from underlying pathologies such as disc herniation, spinal stenosis, infection, inflammation, tumours, or fractures. Objective: To emphasize the importance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients suspected of lumbar spinal examinations. Methods and material: The research focused on adult patients with radicular syndrome, spinal stenosis, spinal tumours, spinal fractures, spinal infection/inflammation, disc herniation, spondylolisthesis, spondylolysis, ankylosing spondylitis, disc displacement, osteoporotic fractures, and other degenerative disc diseases. Utilizing a 1.5 Tesla MRI machine, the descriptive, cross-sectional observational study spanned one year and included 150 patients. Results: revealed that diffuse disc bulge (87.33%) and disc protrusion (87.33%) were the most common pathologies, followed by partial desiccation (34.67%), neural foramina stenosis (16.00%), spondylosis (1.33%), osteoporosis (12.00%), spinal haemorrhage (2.00%), osteophyte spurs (29.33%), and sclerotic changes (3.33%). Discussion and Conclusion: The study's discussion highlighted notable findings, including a higher prevalence of lumbar spine abnormalities in females (51.33%) and a substantial association with a history of lower back pain (40.00%). The conclusion underscores the significance of MRI in diagnosing lumbar spine pathologies, with specific attention to the prevalence of disc bulge and protrusion in the studied population.

The importance of MR imaging in the diagnosis and management of acute stroke

<p>In our collaborative project, called MRI First!, every patient arriving with neurological symptoms of acute stroke and without contraindications was examined by MRI. Our aim was to detect the symptomatic lesions, to obtain appropriate information about the brain parenchyma and to analyse parenchymal perfusion and brain vasculature.</p>. <p>The examinations were conduc&shy;ted on a Philips Ingenia 1.5 Tesla scanner with the following protocol: DWI-ADC, FLAIR, T2 FFE/SWI, PWI, and contrast-enhanced MRA. 415 patients were examined between January 2020 and May 2021. 179 patients arrived within-, and 136 patients after 4.5 hours symptoms onset time, while 100 patients had &ldquo;wake-up&rdquo; stroke.</p>. <p>Within the 4.5 hours group, 81 cases had acute ischemic lesion, 48 of them received reperfusion therapy. Acute ische&shy;mic lesion was found in 64 patients in the wake-up stroke group and in 64 in the 4.5-24 hours group. In these groups 10 and 12 patients obtained reperfusion therapy, respectively. Further 117 cases were considered as stroke mimics, in which cases unnecessary intravenous thrombolysis was avoidable.</p>. <p>MRI is accepted as a sensitive diagnostic modality providing detailed information regarding the brain parenchyma, its perfusion and vasculature. Nonetheless, its worldwide utilization in acute stroke is low and further information should be collected&nbsp;on which patient groups would gain the most benefit from acute MR imaging. Our continuous work is aimed at that goal.</p>.

Importance of magnetic resonance imaging and prostate-specific membrane antigen PET-CT in patients treated with salvage radical prostatectomy for radiorecurrent prostate cancer.

Accurate staging and identification of optimal candidates for local salvage therapy, such as salvage radical prostatectomy (SRP), is necessary to ensure optimal care in patients with radiorecurrent prostate cancer (PCa). We aimed to analyze performance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) for predicting pathologic nonorgan confined disease (pT3) and lymph node involvement (pN+) in patients treated with SRP for radiorecurrent PCa. We retrospectively reviewed the institutional database to identify patients who underwent MRI or 68 Ga-PSMA-PET/CT before SRP for radiorecurrent PCa. The diagnostic estimates of MRI and PSMA-PET/CT for pT3 and pN+, were calculated. We identified 113 patients with radiorecurrent PCa who underwent preoperative MRI followed by SRP; 53 had preoperative 68 Ga-PSMA-PET/CT. For the detection of pT3 disease, the overall accuracy of MRI was 70% (95% confidence interval [CI] 61-78), sensitivity 40% (95%CI 26-55) and specificity 94% (95%CI 85-98); PSMA-PET/CT had slightly higher accuracy of 77% (95%CI 64-88), and higher sensitivity of 90% (95%CI 68-99), but lower specificity of 70% (95%CI 51-84). For pN+ disease, MRI had poor sensitivity of 14% (95%CI 3-36), specificity of 50 (95% CI 39-61) and total accuracy of 43% (95%CI 34-53); PSMA-PET/CT had an accuracy of 85% (95%CI 72-93), sensitivity of 27% (95%CI 6-61), and specificity of 100% (95%CI 92-100). In patients with radiorecurrent PCa, both, MRI, and 68 Ga-PSMA PET/CT are valuable tools for the pre-SRP staging and should be integrated into the standard workup. For lymph node metastases, 68 Ga-PSMA PET/CT is a strong rule-in test with nearly perfect specificity; in contrast MRI had a low accuracy for lymph node metastases.

EP019 - Importance of magnetic resonance imaging and prostate-specific membrane antigen PET-CT in patients treated with salvage radical prostatectomy for radiorecurrent prostate cancer

EP019 - Importance of magnetic resonance imaging and prostate-specific membrane antigen PET-CT in patients treated with salvage radical prostatectomy for radiorecurrent prostate cancer

Differentiating Glioblastoma Multiforme from Brain Metastases Using Multidimensional Radiomics Features Derived from MRI and Multiple Machine Learning Models.

Due to different treatment strategies, it is extremely important to differentiate between glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and brain metastases (MET). It often proves difficult to distinguish between GBM and MET using MRI due to their similar appearance on the imaging modalities. Surgical methods are still necessary for definitive diagnosis, despite the importance of magnetic resonance imaging in detecting, characterizing, and monitoring brain tumors. We introduced an accurate, convenient, and user-friendly method to differentiate between GBM and MET through routine MRI sequence and radiomics analyses. We collected 91 patients from one institution, including 50 with GBM and 41 with MET, which were proven pathologically. The tumors separately were segmented on all MRI images (T1-weighted imaging (T1WI), contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging (T1C), T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR)) to form the volume of interest (VOI). Eight ML models and feature reduction strategies were evaluated using routine MRI sequences (T1W, T2W, T1-CE, and FLAIR) in two methods with (second model) and without wavelet transform (first model) radiomics. The optimal model was selected based on each model's accuracy, AUC-roc, and F1-score values. In this study, we have achieved the result of 0.98, 0.99, and 0.98 percent for accuracy, AUC-roc, and F1-score, respectively, which have yielded a better result than the first model. In most investigated models, there were significant improvements in the multidimensional wavelets model compared to the non-multidimensional wavelets model. Multidimensional discrete wavelet transform can analyze hidden features of the MRI from a different perspective and generate accurate features which are highly correlated with the model accuracy.

Beyond N Staging in Breast Cancer: Importance of MRI and Ultrasound-based Imaging.

Simple SummaryBreast cancer is the most frequent cancer affecting women and metastatic breast cancer is still the leading cause of death from all cancers in women, accounting for about 3.6% of all deaths in women. The N-stage represents the main prognostic factor affecting the rate of recurrence and the therapeutic management so that a correct staging of the axillary lymph node status is fundamental. Since clinical examination of the axillary cavity is associated with a high false negative rate, reaching values of 45%, the role of imaging becomes crucial to obtain an accurate assessment of loco-regional lymph nodes at the time of diagnosis. In this setting, Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) represent two important diagnostic tools. In particular, MRI represents an accurate and reproducible technique, which allows an accurate staging of the “N-stage”. The correct N-staging in breast cancer is crucial to tailor treatment and stratify the prognosis. N-staging is based on the number and the localization of suspicious regional nodes on physical examination and/or imaging. Since clinical examination of the axillary cavity is associated with a high false negative rate, imaging modalities play a central role. In the presence of a T1 or T2 tumor and 0–2 suspicious nodes, on imaging at the axillary level I or II, a patient should undergo sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB), whereas in the presence of three or more suspicious nodes at the axillary level I or II confirmed by biopsy, they should undergo axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) or neoadjuvant chemotherapy according to a multidisciplinary approach, as well as in the case of internal mammary, supraclavicular, or level III axillary involved lymph nodes. In this scenario, radiological assessment of lymph nodes at the time of diagnosis must be accurate. False positives may preclude a sentinel lymph node in an otherwise eligible woman; in contrast, false negatives may lead to an unnecessary SLNB and the need for a second surgical procedure. In this review, we aim to describe the anatomy of the axilla and breast regional lymph node, and their diagnostic features to discriminate between normal and pathological nodes at Ultrasound (US) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Moreover, the technical aspects, the advantage and limitations of MRI versus US, and the possible future perspectives are also analyzed, through the analysis of the recent literature.

An update on urethral diverticula: Results from a large case series

We aimed to describe the presentation, investigations, and management of patients with urethral diverticula and to review the importance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis and surgical management of urethral diverticula. This was a retrospective review of female patients who underwent urethral diverticulectomies. This study was approved by the research ethics review board. Data was collected on patient demographics, presenting symptoms, investigations performed, operative technique, and minimum of two-year followup. A total of 17 patients were included in this study, with a median age of 43 years. Most patients (70%) presented with a palpable vaginal lump; 64% presented with either lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) or recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs). Patients underwent a preoperative MRI, which demonstrated that 59% of diverticula were distal and 53% were locally round. These imaging findings were consistent with the operative findings. MRI also demonstrated communication between the urethral diverticulum and the urethral lumen in 80% of cases, compared to only 47% endoscopically. The most common presentation of a woman with a urethral diverticulum is with either a palpable vaginal lump, LUTS, or recurrent UTIs. A high index of suspicion is required. Pelvic MRI appears to be an ideal imaging modality for the diagnosis of urethral diverticulum. A preoperative MRI is important to exclude alternative pathologies, appropriately counsel the patient, and assist with the surgical planning.

Magnetic resonance imaging as a diagnostic tool for postpartum fistula-in-ano on episiotomy scar – A case report

The objective of this case presentation is to describe a rare case of fistula-in-ano at an episiotomy site and review the importance of magnetic resonance imaging as a diagnostic tool for the detection of perineal fistulas.

The importance of neuroimaging methods in the diagnosis of epilepsy in young men: literature review and own clinical case

Lifetime visualization of structural morphological changes of the brain in patients suffering from epilepsy and epileptic syndromes has become possible due to the introduction of neuroimaging methods into everyday medical practice. At the same time, neuroimaging is the main method of determining the etiology of epilepsy and its taxonomic position. One of these methods is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI is the method of choice in the examination of patients with diseases associated with brain development abnormalities.&#x0D; The aim of this study is to consider the importance of using neuroimaging methods in this clinical case of epilepsy in a young person, taking into account complaints, anamnesis of the disease and life, neurological status, laboratory results for the correct diagnosis.&#x0D; Conclusion. The presented clinical case of symptomatic epilepsy with focal vegetative-sensory seizures of medium frequency due to mass formation of the medial part of the right temporal lobe demonstrates the need and importance of a comprehensive examination using neuroimaging methods to clarify the etiology of the disease. Thus, magnetic resonance imaging has a high diagnostic value.&#x0D; This article discusses the importance of MRI for the diagnosis of epilepsy and its etiology in a young man.

Risk Stratification of Patients Candidate to Radical Prostatectomy Based on Clinical and Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging Parameters: Development and External Validation of Novel Risk Groups

BackgroundDespite the key importance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters, risk classification systems for biochemical recurrence (BCR) in prostate cancer (PCa) patients treated with radical prostatectomy (RP) are still based on clinical variables alone. ObjectiveWe aimed at developing and validating a novel classification integrating clinical and radiological parameters. Design, setting, and participantsA retrospective multicenter cohort study was conducted between 2014 and 2020 across seven academic international referral centers. A total of 2565 patients treated with RP for PCa were identified. Outcome measurements and statistical analysisEarly BCR was defined as two prostate-specific antigen (PSA) values of ≥0.2 ng/ml within 3 yr after RP. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regressions tested time and predictors of BCR. Development and validation cohorts were generated from the overall patient sample. A model predicting early BCR based on Cox-derived coefficients represented the basis for a nomogram that was validated externally. Predictors consisted of PSA, biopsy grade group, MRI stage, and the maximum diameter of lesion at MRI. Novel risk categories were then identified. The Harrel’s concordance index (c-index) compared the accuracy of our risk stratification with the European Association of Urology (EAU), Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment (CAPRA), and International Staging Collaboration for Cancer of the Prostate (STAR-CAP) risk groups in predicting early BCR. Results and limitationsOverall, 200 (8%), 1834 (71%), and 531 (21%) had low-, intermediate-, and high-risk disease according to the EAU risk groups. The 3-yr overall BCR-free survival rate was 84%. No differences were observed in the 3-yr BCR-free survival between EAU low- and intermediate-risk groups (88% vs 87%; p = 0.1). The novel nomogram depicted optimal discrimination at external validation (c-index 78%). Four new risk categories were identified based on the predictors included in the Cox-based nomogram. This new risk classification had higher accuracy in predicting early BCR (c-index 70%) than the EAU, CAPRA, and STAR-CAP risk classifications (c-index 64%, 63%, and 67%, respectively). ConclusionsWe developed and externally validated four novel categories based on clinical and radiological parameters to predict early BCR. This novel classification exhibited higher accuracy than the available tools. Patient summaryOur novel and straightforward risk classification outperformed currently available preoperative risk tools and should, therefore, assist physicians in preoperative counseling of men candidate to radical treatment for prostate cancer.

Analisa Faktor-Faktor Penyebab Kecemasan Pasien pada Pemeriksaan MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)

Background: The existence of MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) in every hospital is not widely known by the general public or patients, especially about the benefits and importance of MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) for radiological supporting examinations. The problem with this examination revolves around its management, especially the indication that requires an MRI examination, the patient tends to have a perception with a little excessive concern that leads to the finding of abnormal examination results.Research methods: The research design used was descriptive qualitative with an observational analytic approach. The technique of determining the sample using a cross-sectional formula. With a sample size of 90 patients who underwent MRI examinations. Data obtained from literature study, observation, documentation, and questionnaires. Data analysis used bivariate with chi square method and multivariate with multiple regression test.Result: Chi square and multivariate bivariate analysis with multiple regression test. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between age and education level variables.Conclusion: Of the three variables tested, there are 2 factors that have a relationship with the patient's anxiety level, namely the age and education level of the patient.

Edema-mass Ratio Based On Magnetic Resonance Imaging As A Preoperative Diagnostic Factor For Posterior Fossa Metastasis.

Peritumoral edema of primary brain tumors is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. The number of studies currently available on the prognostic role of peritumoral brain edema in the posterior fossa is extremely limited. Based on the known importance of magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosing supratentorial metastases, this study aimed to investigate the effects of peritumoral edema on survival of patients with posterior fossa metastases and the preoperative diagnostic value of MRI. Edema and mass volumes of 49 patients with posterior fossa metastasis, who underwent surgery during 2012-2016, were measured using magnetic resonance imaging. The edema/mass indices were retrospectively calculated and interpreted by evaluating the demographic, clinical, and survival data. The study consisted of 32 (65.3%) male and 17 (34.7%) female participants, with the mean age ± standard deviation of 47.25±29.25 (17-81) years. Among the 49 patients with posterior fossa metastases, 34 (69.4%) had carcinoma, while 15 (30.6%) had non-carcinoma metastases. The edema/mass indices of patients with carcinoma and non-carcinoma metastases were found to be 14.55±9.64 and 1.34±1.08, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). The mean survival of patients with carcinoma and non-carcinoma metastases was found to be 642±11.52 days and 726±9.32 days, respectively; however, this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.787). The edema/mass ratio was found to be a significant diagnostic factor for the prediction of posterior fossa metastases. Further detailed studies are warranted to investigate the effect of edema/mass ratio on survival rate.

Importance of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis and prognosis of apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Case report and literature review

Importance of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis and prognosis of apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Case report and literature review

Past, present and future magnetic resonance diagnosis of prostate cancer

After almost 40 years since the first-ever magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the prostate has been made the technology has made significant strides forward: dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging, diffusion weighted imaging and MR spectroscopy being a few among the others. Moreover, the development of high power magnets and phased array coils had contributed to the drastically improved quality of the imaging. These improvements have increased the detection quality for the clinically significant prostate cancer (PCa) and early recurrences, enabling physicians to create a more personalized treatment plan easier and quicker. PROMIS (the Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System) 2017 and PRECISION (Prostate Evaluation for Clinically Important Disease: Sampling Using Image Guidance or Not) 2018 studies underline the importance of MRI in detecting clinically significant PCa and avoiding overly aggressive diagnostic of clinically insignificant PCa. A large number of articles devoted to analyzing the role of MRI in diagnosing PCa (localization and staging) do not come to a uniform conclusion. This can be, in part, explained by the different study designs and protocols, as well as other controllable factors in the MRI studies themselves. The goal of this article is to attempt to analyze the role of MRI in diagnosing PCa since its advent, through its' current stage of development, as well as to explore the forward looking scenarios and opportunities for this extremely useful imaging modality.

The clinical importance of Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Diffusion weighted images in diagnosis and treatment planning of endometriosis.

The clinical importance of Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Diffusion weighted images in diagnosis and treatment planning of endometriosis.

Imaging in Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis : An Iconographic Review.

Pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) is defined by afirst multiple sclerosis (MS) attack occurring before 18years old and is diagnosed by demonstration of dissemination in time (DIT) and space (DIS). Although guidelines evolved over the years, they always recognized the importance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for diagnosis. The 2017 McDonald criteria are increasingly used and have been validated in several cohorts. The use of MRI is the most important tool for the early diagnosis, monitoring, and assessment of treatment response of MS and standard protocols include precontrast and postcontrast T1, T2, fluid attenuation inversion recovery (FLAIR) and diffusion sequences. A distinctive MS lesion compromises white matter and it is well-demarcated and confluent, showing demyelination, inflammation, gliosis, and relative axonal preservation. Considering the growing recognition of pediatric MS as adifferential diagnosis for children presenting with aclinical central nervous system event, we present aPOMS lesions guide (periventricular, juxtacortical, infratentorial, spinal cord, cortical, tumefactive, black hole, contrast-enhanced). Owing to its rareness, POMS is a diagnosis by exclusion and MRI plays afundamental role in distinguishing POMS from other demyelinating and non-demyelinating conditions. Three main groups of disorders can mimic POMS: inflammatory, metabolic and tumoral; however, imaging patterns earlier described lower the possibilities of alternative diagnoses and strongly suggest POMS when likely.

MRI ROLE IN CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC INDUCED PRES

Background: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome is a very common neurotoxic side effect of chemotherapeutics. Aim of the work: To display the importance of Magnetic resonance imaging in early detection of the chemotherapeutic induced neurotoxicity. Patients & Methods: Fifty cancer patients (12 females and 38 males), their age ranged from 2 to 61 years on chemotherapy having neurological manifestations. Magnetic resonance imaging wasperformed to evaluate the radiological findings of neurological manifestations. Results: 31 cases were found to have Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, while the others 19 cases showed other complications. Conclusion: MRI showed an important role in detecting PRES in cancer patients due to chemotherapeutics.