Importance Of Light Research Articles

Prevalence and Preferred Niche of Small Eukaryotes with Mixotrophic Potentials in the Global Ocean.

Unicellular eukaryotes that are capable of phago-mixotrophy in the ocean compete for inorganic nutrients and light with autotrophs, and for bacterial prey with heterotrophs. In this study, we ask what the overall prevalence of eukaryotic mixotrophs in the vast open ocean is, and how the availability of inorganic nutrients, light, and prey affects their relative success. We utilized the Tara Oceans eukaryotic 18S rRNA gene and environmental context variables dataset to conduct a large-scale field analysis. We also performed isolate-based culture experiments to verify growth and nutritional resource relationships for representative mixotrophic taxa. The field analysis suggested that the overall prevalence of mixotrophs were negatively correlated with nutrient concentrations and positively associated with light availability. Concentrations of heterotrophic bacteria as a single variable also presented a positive correlation with mixotrophic prevalence, but to a lesser extent. On the other hand, the culture experiments demonstrated a taxa-specific relationship between mixotrophic growth and nutrition resources, i.e., the growth of one group was significantly dependent on light availability, while the other group was less affected by light when they received sufficient prey. Both groups were capable of growing efficiently with low inorganic nutrients when receiving sufficient prey and light. Therefore, our field analysis and culture experiments both suggest that phago-mixotrophy for ocean eukaryotes is seemingly an efficient strategy to compensate for nutrient deficiency but unnecessary to compensate for light scarcity. This study collectively revealed a close relationship between abiotic and biotic nutritional resources and the prevalence of trophic strategies, shedding light on the importance of light and nutrients for determining the competitive success of mixotrophs versus autotrophic and heterotrophic eukaryotes in the ocean.

Cultural unit white – prototype terms

Abstract The article focuses on the Hebrew prototypes terms (PTs) of white in the Old Testament – light, milk, and snow. The aim is to explore the worldview of Hebrew to reveal the original messages of the Bible. The translation is an essential tool that shows which translation elements (the word and its root derivatives) are symmetrical, asymmetric, and dissymmetric to Hebrew due to the different worldviews of languages. The method is interdisciplinary and includes several theories and approaches. Original is Almalech’s methodology for tracking all verbal options to signify color: Basic color term (BCT), prototype term (PT), rival terms to prototype (RT), and terms for the basic feature of the prototype (TBFP). Semiotic osmosis is also an original element of Almalech’s methodology and has a place in the study of colors in the Bible. The phenomenon is observed when Hebrew PT is translated with the BCT, Hebrew TBFP is translated with BCT in the Indo-European language, e.g., darkness is translated with black, fresh is translated with green. In the case of light, semiotic osmosis is when a quality of light is perceived as synonymous with light, e.g., brilliance is synonymous with light in Hebrew, English, Bulgarian, and other languages. The importance of light in religious systems, regional culture, and natural features are taken into account. Almalech’s semiotic approach to color, i.e., treating them as a sign communication system, involves the insisting that a distinction must be made between verbal and visual color because of their different potential to have primary and secondary (figurative and cultural) meanings. The substance of the language sign (sound is a mechanical wave) is physically different from the visual sign (electromagnetic wave). Almalech considered prototypes to be the cognitive interface between verbal and visual colors. Therefore, semiotically understood, color is a cultural unit that contains verbal and visual colors, complemented by social, religious, and folkloric use of primary and secondary color meanings.

A comparative study of two architectural reconstruction design of Casa Batlló

Historical buildings are inevitably facing restoration and reconstruction in the context of urban renewal, how to carry out architectural renewal while inheriting the profound heritage of historical buildings? It is a challenge that architects in the new era must face. Based on comparative art, this article compares two architectural reconstruction design for Casa Batlló (remodeled by Antonio Gaudí in 1904-1906 and partially renovated by Kengo Kuma’s interior finishes from 2015-2021). The results show that in the two renovation design, the two architects have many similar concepts on the continuation of architectural meaning, the importance of light and shadow design and naturalistic curve shape, but due to the different architectural background, cultural background and design techniques, this famous historical classic building, after the two renovation, is now presented to the world in a more inclusive and diversified form.

The Impact of Light Based Technologies in the Future of Healthcare

There has been an increasing interest in light-based technologies offering cheap, fast and noninvasive disease detection and treatment. In 2016, the market of light-based technologies represented >64% of the total medical imaging market ($90.7 billion in total) and more than twice the radiological imaging market that included X-Ray, ultrasound, magnetic resonant imaging and others. Light-based technologies have steadily increased with the mobile and home healthcare, as well as wearable devices dominating the market to monitor quality of sleep, sports performance, and blood oxygenation in general (including COVID-19 cases). Given the importance of light in the future of healthcare, this paper covers how light-based technologies are used to find diseases early (screening) and accurately (diagnostics) in both whole body (systemically with screening tests) or localized parts of the body (during surgery).

Lighting Study on The Interior of Sociolla Paskal 23, Bandung

Space is the main element in the interior and lighting is one of the important factors in space design. Lighting is also a role of lighting is no longer just to provide lighting but also to highlight the aesthetics and atmosphere of the room, it can even affect the image of the interior and the experience of the individual who is in it. Many types of lighting can be applied to an interior room and it depends on what kind of atmosphere you want to display. This study aims to determine the comfort of visitors based on their experience in retail interiors at Sociolla Paskal 23 Bandung. This qualitative and quantitative research was carried out by conducting surveys, interviews, and distributing questionnaires, and using a spatial experience theory approach. The contribution of this research is to provide knowledge about the importance of lighting as a form of space and about retail interior artificial lighting that can affect one's experience.

Brighter Time: A Smartphone App Recording Cognitive Task Performance and Illuminance in Everyday Life.

Light is an influential regulator of behavioural and physiological state in mammals. Features of cognitive performance such as memory, vigilance and alertness can be altered by bright light exposure under laboratory and field conditions. However, the importance of light as a regulator of performance in everyday life is hard to assess and has so far remained largely unclear. We set out to address this uncertainty by developing a tool to capture measures of cognitive performance and light exposure, at scale, and during everyday life. To this end, we generated an app (Brighter Time) which incorporated a psychomotor vigilance (PVT), an N-back and a visual search task with questionnaire-based assessments of demographic characteristics, general health, chronotype and sleep. The app also measured illuminance during task completion using the smartphone’s intrinsic light meter. We undertook a pilot feasibility study of Brighter Time based on 91-week-long acquisition phases within a convenience sample (recruited by local advertisements and word of mouth) running Brighter Time on their own smartphones over two study phases in winter and summer. Study compliance was suitable (median = 20/21 requested task completions per subject). Statistically significant associations were observed between subjective sleepiness and performance in all tasks. Significant daily variations in PVT and visual search performance were also observed. Higher illuminance was associated with reduced reaction time and lower inverse efficiency score in the visual search. Brighter Time thus represents a viable option for large-scale collection of cognitive task data in everyday life, and is able to reveal associations between task performance and sleepiness, time of day and current illuminance. Brighter Time’s utility could be extended to exploring associations with longer-term patterns of light exposure and/or other light metrics by integrating with wearable light meters.

Patterns of thermocline structure and the deep chlorophyll maximum feature in multiple stratified lakes related to environmental drivers

Thermal stratification and the deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM), two commonly related phenomena in stratified lakes, play fundamental roles in eco-environmental processes. However, the progressive linkages among multi-dimensional environmental factors, thermal stratification and DCM were poorly explored, which greatly constrains our understanding of cross-level governance in deep lakes. In this study, the thermocline structure (i.e., thermocline depth, thickness and strength) and DCM feature (depth and thickness) and their driving factors were investigated at regional scale using data from 18 stratified lakes differing in limnological characteristics, Southwest China. Our study showed that (1) DCM occurred close to the thermocline in most lakes (represented by their depth and thickness), (2) the depths of the thermocline and DCM were both shallower than the euphotic depth, and (3) spatial heterogeneity occurred the thermocline structure and the DCM feature, reflecting different environmental factors. Specifically, water depth and light penetration depths were both positively correlated with thermocline depth and thickness and the DCM feature, and ultraviolet radiation (UVR) was more important than photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) for thermocline depth, but PAR was more important for thermocline thickness; moreover, PAR played a more prominent role than UVR for the DCM feature. As there were interactions between some environmental factors, we built a cascading path using a partial least squares path modelling for the DCM feature: lake morphometry directly impacted the thermocline structure and surface water quality; the water quality further affected light penetration depths as well as the thermocline structure; light penetration depth and thermocline structure combined directly determined the DCM feature, where the importance of light was larger. Our findings provide information on the cascading drivers of the thermocline structure and DCM feature in deep lakes and also constitute a valuable reference for deep lake management under the dual pressure of climate change and eutrophication.

Efficient removal of Imidacloprid and nutrients by microalgae‐bacteria consortium in municipal wastewater: effects, mechanism, and importance of light

AbstractBACKGROUNDWith the rapid development of society, a large amount of wastewater and pesticides enter the water bodies globally, posing a threat to both the environment and the health of people and other living things. In this paper, an algal strain Scenedesmus sp. was isolated from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP); its interaction effect with wastewater bacteria on the removal of IMI and conventional pollutants in municipal wastewater was evaluated.RESULTSIn this study, an algae‐bacteria system was constructed with municipal wastewater, with the aim of exploring the removal effects and mechanisms of the consortium system on Imidacloprid (IMI, 20 mg L−1 and 60 mg L−1) and conventional nutrients from municipal wastewater. The results showed that no IMI was removed under 20 μmol m−2 s−1. However, under 60 μmol m−2 s−1, more than 90% of IMI was removed in the algae‐wastewater group (AWG) with Scenedesmus sp.; this value is much higher than the 50.4% (20 mg L−1) and 36.1% (60 mg L−1) achieved by the wastewater group (WG) without Scenedesmus sp. Meanwhile, the removal efficiency of nitrogen was 82.3% (20 mg L−1) and 71.9% (60 mg L−1) in AWG, both of which are higher than the 73.4% and 59.1% in WG, respectively. Moreover, Scenedesmus sp. TXH has a strong resistance to IMI and 4 degradation products (including IMI‐urea, 4(5)‐hydroxy‐IMI, Nitrosimine, and a substance with m/z of 176) were found in AWG.CONCLUSIONUsing consortium to treat municipal wastewater containing IMI is an effective and safe way. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

Increasing the Livability of Open Public Spaces during Nighttime: The Importance of Lighting in Waterfront Areas

The contemporary way of life influences the forms and time framework of outdoor activities in open public spaces, shifting their focus to nighttime usage. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the limits of existing outdoor lighting design standards and recommendations in terms of livability. As an exploratory case study, the Sava waterfront in New Belgrade, Serbia was chosen. The methodology consisted of theoretical research and specific analysis, which included: (1) mapping the spatial distribution of users during several periods of the day; (2) criteria and indicator network analysis of outdoor lighting quality, and (3) a survey with a questionnaire conducted among the users of the waterfront area. The results showed that lighting design can influence overall open public space usage during nighttime through its parameters. It can affect the spatial distribution of users and their sense of safety and comfort, as well as the duration, frequency, and manner of usage. This study could improve planning and design practices regarding outdoor lighting, enabling more active and inclusive usage of open public spaces, thus increasing the overall livability of spaces and their social sustainability.

Importance of Light in Female’s Life

Even our early ancestors knew the Sunlight’s importance for life. It gives “life” to life. Most living things have benefitted with it, not only animals, plants, it but even some germs also need it. Both men and women are benefitted with the sunlight, however it is noticed that women is more benefitted by the sunlight than men.

Understory Vegetation Composition and Stand Are Mainly Limited by Soil Moisture in Black Locust Plantations of Loess Plateau

Forestry eco-engineering programs in China occupy 721.77 × 104 km2, among which plantations have a pivotal role in protecting the fragile ecological environment. Reforestation understory is often ignored because of the simple vertical structure. The importance of light in understory has been discovered. However, how other ecology factors (e.g., soil properties and geographical factors) influence understory composition and stratification remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of understory composition and stratification on environmental factors in black locust plantations. We used systematic clustering analysis based on plant average height to describe understory stratification. The finding of this study was that black locust plantation understory consisted of three levels: (I) a low herbaceous layer (<80 cm), (II) a high herbaceous layer (80–130 cm), and (III) a shrub layer (>130 cm). Redundancy analysis indicated that soil moisture content and soil total phosphorus content were the largest contributors to the variation in understory vegetation composition. Soil moisture content, altitude, and soil organic carbon content were the largest contributors to the variation in understory stratification. Overall, by analyzing understory stratification and the relationship between soil and geographical factors, we gained a more comprehensive understanding of the interaction between understory and the microenvironment. This is especially important for reforestation management that maintains understory ecology function in the face of global climate change.

Photochemical Synthesis of Solvatochromic Fluorophore from the C–C Coupling Reaction for Undergraduate Laboratory Experiment

Photochemical synthesis, in which light is used as an indispensable reagent, is recognized as a green technique for organic synthesis and has been paid extensive attention. In this laboratory experiment for chemistry classes, a photoinduced C–C coupling reaction is introduced, which can be conducted under mild conditions at room temperature. Generally, this reaction requires no photoredox catalyst and only 2 equiv of triethylamine with common LED light (400 nm) as the light source. Here, we report the photochemical synthesis of a favorable fluorophore (4MPB) with high yields (∼80%) using 4-iodobenzoate and N-methylpyrrole as the representative reagents in an undergraduate laboratory experiment. Importantly, all participating students were excited about the fluorophores that they synthesized and gained the basic principles of photoluminescence. This experiment is safe, easy to conduct, and cost-effective, and it received positive feedback from the students. The exercise reinforces their skills in photochemical synthesis and introduces students to the significance and importance of light in chemistry, which is a fascinating field in chemical research.

Avaliação de projetos de investimento na avicultura de corte após consolidação de preços do LED

The technological innovations in poultry farms imply a financial investment for producers, as in the case of substitution of the lighting system, which is one of the factors that most affect the productivity of the flock, considering the importance of lighting in the zoo-technical performance of birds. However, the use of Light Emitting Diode (LED) was still economically unviable due to the high price and failures of LED lighting equipment in poultry farms due to the farm environment. This study aimed to economically evaluate the investment of the LED lighting system in dark house facilities, after the stabilizing of prices and quality of LED lamps available in the national market. The Incremental cash flows from two LED lighting projects were estimated to determine the economic indicators: net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), profitability index (PI), return on investment (ROI), discounted payback and economic value added (EVA). The LED1 project resulted in added economic value, therefore viable. The LED2 project presented negative net present value (NPV) and consequently the other indicators also pointed to rejection of the investment. Analyzing the energy efficiency of the lamp, without considering the economic evaluation of the invested capital, is insufficient to determine the feasibility of implementing LED lighting system in facilities that already have compact fluorescent lamps (CFL) lighting. The results indicate that well-planned projects that assess the risk involved can bring considerable economic returns to the broiler producers.

Light factor in the city’s architectural environment

Lighting design is the area regulated today only indirectly, proceeding from requirements of visibility of objects, mainly, criteria of quantity of light on road coverings and facades of the lit objects and uneven distribution on them. There is an underestimation of its role and potential in creating an artistic image of the city in the design of its architectural environment, counting on the visual perception of it only in the daytime. Purpose of research. To identify and formulate problems and prospects for the development of lighting design, to develop recommendations for the light solution of the urban environment. To consider the light environment as a system, to determine the main levels of architectural and compositional tasks of its formation. Method of research. With the help of the analysis of the light environment of the city of Belgorod the problems of its formation are revealed. The main disadvantage of the formation of the urban light environment is the lack of unity in the solution of lighting different areas of the city, the prevalence of light advertising over architectural objects, destroying the stylistic unity of the urban environment. The comparison of the solution of such problems by the Metropolitan administration is carried out. The importance of light as a factor in the formation of the originality of the city is noted. Research result. The development of the concept of urban lighting is proposed, its basic principles are highlighted, ways of solving the problem of organizing night lighting of the urban environment are identified. The potential of lighting design and lighting technologies in modern architecture is only half, and in Russian projects – hardly a quarter. We are in the beginning, but a growing number of interesting projects gives reason to believe that we are moving in the right direction and with the right approach, using the expertise already available, by purchasing and accumulating your own will inevitably achieve the development of their professional achievements in the field of lighting design and the organization of the light environment of the city. Currently, the problem of competent and qualified approach to urban lighting requires the full attention of architects-urban planners and architectural and design organizations.

Diversity and spatial distribution of epiphytic flora associated with four tree species of partially disturbed ecosystem in tropical rainforest zone

As components of forest communities, epiphytes influence litter and nutrient cycling while providing shelter, nesting materials and food for arboreal animals, thereby promoting diversity. Their preference for certain tree species (phorophytes) influences biodiversity and distribution, but this association is poorly understood in the tropics. We assessed the diversity and spatial distribution of epiphytes associated with four phorophytes ( Alstonia booneii , Peltophorum pterocarpum , Mangifera indica and Terminalia catappa ) in southern Nigeria, with number of trees sampled as 4, 29, 32 and 44, respectively. The epiphytes were delineated, sampled and identified. Soil samples were collected from tree pockets for textural and pH analyses. On the four phorophytes, 265 epiphytes under seven species ( Platycerium elephantotis , Microgamma owariensis , Nephrolepis biserrata , Funaria hygrometrica , Axonopus compressus , Commelina benghalensis and Ficus spp.) and five families ( Polypoidaceae , Funariaceae , Poaceae , Commelinaceae and Moraceae ) were recorded. The three most abundant were Funaria hygrometrica (109), Platycerium elephantotis (102) and Microgamma owariensis (44), being present on all four phorophytes. Funaria hygrometrica and Platycerium elephantotis were the most abundant on M. indica (32 each) and T. catappa (44 and 39, respectively). Nephrolepis biserrata appeared only once on T. catappa ; so too did Axonopus compressus and Commelina benghalensis on P. pterocarpum . Altogether, A. booneii , P. pterocarpum , M. indica and T. catappa had 11, 62, 89 and 103 epiphytes, respectively. Funaria hygrometrica traversed three tree strata, while others were restricted to two or even one stratum. Canopy layer, middle stratum and lower portion hosted four, five and three epiphytic species, respectively out of the seven recorded, pointing to the relative importance of light, spaciousness and moisture, respectively in epiphyte abundance on trees. Epiphytes distribution on phorophytes was not influenced by texture of the arboreal soils, but was inversely related to their pH. This study has provided useful information on epiphyte-phorophyte association in tropical environments and deserves repetition with more tree species in more natural forests. Keywords: forest tree species, tree spatial strata, epiphyte distribution, species abundance, Nigeria

La historia de la Flor en el “costumbre” otomí

<p>En este texto presentamos la historia de la Flor en el costumbre otomí, un mito que trata sobre la importancia que tiene la Luz (el Sol) en relación con la vida y fuerza misma de Dios y de los humanos, en particular de los otomíes de la Sierra Madre Oriental que habitan entre los estados de Hidalgo y Veracruz. El mito menciona que la Luz se fue y que pidió para regresar que se hiera el costumbre; que es “poner la flor” para conservar y “levantar fuerza”, para pedir y dar las gracias, por lo que se elaboran miles de ramitos para ponerlos en la Mesa (altar), en donde la música y las numerosas ofrendas se hacen necesarias para hacer peticiones de lluvia, de abundancia y salud. Mientras que en otros instantes y épocas del año, los otomíes agradecen por la “salud concedida” y las buenas cosechas. Bajo ese contexto, planteamos desarrollar una propuesta pragmática para acercamos al mito: presentar al autor-narrador del mismo, el contexto de la na-rración, el registro y la transcripción, parte del acto ritual y la exégesis local, para finalmente ver qué función tiene el mito entre los otomíes de la región de estudio. </p>

Bioelectricity generation from three ornamental plants: Chlorophytum comosum, Chasmanthe floribunda and Papyrus diffusus

ABSTRACTIn the present study, bioelectricity generation using a living plant in soil was achieved by converting solar energy into electricity on the principles of plant photosynthesis. The plants Chlorophytum comosum, Chasmanthe floribunda and Papyrus diffuses were used in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) and produced, respectively, a maximum current of 25, 31 and 19 mA/m2, without the use of any nutrient or membrane. In this study, the importance of light was demonstrated by the high current values generated during daytime, and the microorganisms at the anode-rhizosphere interface were examined.

Use of an Autonomous Surface Vehicle reveals small-scale diel vertical migrations of zooplankton and susceptibility to light pollution under low solar irradiance.

Light is a major cue for nearly all life on Earth. However, most of our knowledge concerning the importance of light is based on organisms' response to light during daytime, including the dusk and dawn phase. When it is dark, light is most often considered as pollution, with increasing appreciation of its negative ecological effects. Using an Autonomous Surface Vehicle fitted with a hyperspectral irradiance sensor and an acoustic profiler, we detected and quantified the behavior of zooplankton in an unpolluted light environment in the high Arctic polar night and compared the results with that from a light-polluted environment close to our research vessels. First, in environments free of light pollution, the zooplankton community is intimately connected to the ambient light regime and performs synchronized diel vertical migrations in the upper 30 m despite the sun never rising above the horizon. Second, the vast majority of the pelagic community exhibits a strong light-escape response in the presence of artificial light, observed down to 100 m. We conclude that artificial light from traditional sampling platforms affects the zooplankton community to a degree where it is impossible to examine its abundance and natural rhythms within the upper 100 m. This study underscores the need to adjust sampling platforms, particularly in dim-light conditions, to capture relevant physical and biological data for ecological studies. It also highlights a previously unchartered susceptibility to light pollution in a region destined to see significant changes in light climate due to a reduced ice cover and an increased anthropogenic activity.

Growth and Development in the Cosmetics, Soaps and Detergents Regional Value Chains: South Africa and Zambia

The challenge facing regional economies is how to leverage rising urbanisation, increasing populations and incomes and the resultant higher demand for fast moving consumer goods towards building industrial production capabilities and diversifying production away from minerals towards labour absorbing manufacturing. Trade data shows that there is a trade deficit of $536m for cosmetics & $667m for soaps and detergents in the SADC region. This presents an opportunity for the region to meet this demand internally rather than imports from global markets This study discusses the relative importance of light manufacturing as a stepping stone towards the establishment of industries in the region to enhance economic transformation and inclusive economic growth. It maps the cosmetics, soaps and detergents value chain in South Africa and Zambia and analyses competitiveness, critical success factors, growth constraints and opportunities presented by end markets.

Light in the Service of Mankind

Understanding the nature of light has stimulated scientific research over many centuries and progress in the description of electromagnetic radiation has been key in the development of modern science. Some highlights in this story are celebrated in the context of the International Year of Light YL2015 declared by UNESCO, which were the backdrop for scientific meetings held in Caceres (Spain) and in Poland (Wroclaw) involving the European Academy of Sciences Arts and Letters. It is emphasised that this long history of research on Light is by no means over, and has resulted in many important advances, including such applications as the laser and the harnessing of solar energy for electric power generation, of great importance for the economic development of Southern regions such as North Africa. Cultural aspects of the importance of light (in the Arts, in literature and in philosophy) are also mentioned.