Importance Of Intrinsic Value Research Articles

Fashion Designers as Entrepreneurs: Challenges and Advantages of Micro-size Companies

This study examines fashion entrepreneurship from the designer’s perspective. The aim is to identify what kinds of challenges fashion designers face in their simultaneous roles as designers and entrepreneurs, and what the potential advantages of that position are. The article aims to supplement existing research on micro-scale fashion design businesses that has focused primarily on the encountered challenges. A total of 16 entrepreneurial fashion designers from Finland, Estonia, and Latvia were interviewed. Thematic analysis was used in order to identify patterns in the diverse experiences of the entrepreneurial designers, and to conceptualize them into concise themes and subcategories. The purpose of the study is to bring a broader understanding of the designer’s viewpoint, and thus it highlights also personal perspectives and motivations behind fashion entrepreneurship. The results show that entrepreneurial fashion designers have to have multilevel managerial skills to run their business. Another important factor for success is the creating of balance between the business and private life. This study identifies micro-size fashion companies as businesses where creativity is a successful combination of fashion creativity and entrepreneurial creativity. Furthermore, the study shows that the obstacle for business growth might be the designer’s business orientation rather than the lack of investors. Therefore, it is crucial to recognize the different drivers behind the business, acknowledge the importance of intrinsic values (e.g. aesthetic and creative aspects), and allow them to shape the business.

역할완화 소비: 선행변수로서의 소비관련 변수와 결과변수로서의 패션의식

Abstract The purpose of this study is to identify the antecedents and consequence of role-relaxed consumption. Consumption-related variables were considered as antecedents, and fashion-related variable was considered as a consequence. Hedonic consumption, impulse buying, value consciousness, and brand sensitivity were included as consumption-related variables and fashion consciousness was included as a fashion-related variable. It was hypothesized that hedonic consumption, impulse buying, value consciousness, and brand sensitivity influence role- relaxed consumption and then influence fashion consciousness. Data were gathered by surveying university students in Seoul, using convenience sampling. Two hundred twenty seven questionnaires were used in the statistical analysis, exploratory factor analysis using SPSS and confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis using AMOS. While hedonic consumption, impulse buying, value consciousness, and brand sensitivity were uni-dimensions, role-relaxed consumption and fashion consciousness were multi-dimensions. Factor analysis of role-relaxed consumption revealed two dimensions, ‘self-centered decision making’ factor and ‘importance of intrinsic value’ factor. In addition, factor analysis of fashion conscious revealed three dimensions, ‘individualism’ factor, ‘dressing style’ factor, and ‘appearance’ factor. Tests of the hypothesized path show that impulse buying and brand sensitivity negatively influence ‘self-centered decision making’ and that hedonic consumption and value consciousness negatively influence ‘importance of intrinsic value’. While ‘self-centered decision making’negatively influence ‘dressing style’ and ‘appearance, ‘importance of intrinsic value’ negatively influences all factors of fashion consciousness. The implications of these findings and suggestions for future study are also discussed. Keywords: role-relaxed consumption(역할완화 소비), hedonic consumption(쾌락적 소비), impulse buying(충동구매), value consciousness(가치의식), brand sensitivity(브랜드 민감성), fashion consciousness(패션의식)

The Correlation between Personality Dimensions Measured by the Questionnaire Called Velikih 5 + 2 and Dimensions of the Level of Aspiration

This study is about searching the correlation between personality dimensions and dimensions of the level of aspiration The study applied two instruments: Velikih 5+2 ( VP+2 ; Smederevac , Mitrovic and Čolović , 2009), which assesses seven dimensions of personality and their subscales, which are Neuroticism , Conscientiousness , Pleasantness, Extraversion, Openness to experience , Negative valence and Positive valence, and Aspiration Index ( aspiration Index , Kasser and Ryan , 1996 ) designed to measure the level of intrinsic and extrinsic aspiration. The results show correlation between the Positive valence and Importance of extrinsic values, the Probability of intrinsic values, the Probability of extrinsic values and the Achievement of extrinsic values. Negative valence correlates with the Importance of extrinsic values, the Probability of intrinsic values, the Probability of extrinsic values, the Achievement of intrinsic values and the Achievement of extrinsic values. Openness is associated with the Probability of intrinsic values, the Importance of intrinsic values, the Achievement of extrinsic values and the Achievement of intrinsic values. Extraversion is associated with the Importance of intrinsic values, while Conscientiousness correlates with the Achievements of intrinsic values. When it comes to gender, there is a significant correlation gained with variables measuring Importance of intrinsic values and Probability of intrinsic values, and the results show that higher scores on these dimensions are achieved by women. DOI: 10.5901/jesr.2014.v4n4p49

Intrinsic Value Can Help Conservation

Conservation To undermine the worth and importance of intrinsic value, as Lynn A. Maguire and James Justus do in their Viewpoint article (BioScience 58: 910–911), is to unde rmine conservation work. They themselves recognize the importance and usefulness of intrinsic value when, referring to the Endangered Species Act, they state, “Intrinsic value may get a proposed listing to the table, but it does not muster the attention needed to get it off the table and into action.” Although intrinsic value cannot be the sole basis for conservation planning or decisionmaking, it does provide purpose and brings parties “to the table.” Maguire and Justus’s fundamental error is the view that intrinsic value must compete with instrumental value. Their article begins by acknowledging the support for intrinsic value of “conser vationists from Muir to McCauley” but doesn’t give the whole picture. The belief that nature has intrinsic value as well as and apart from its instrumental value has been discussed by writers from Leopold to Rolston. Conservationists must realize that intrinsic and extrinsic (instrumental) values are not mutually exclusive. Maguire and Justus also maintain that when protection of a species or ecosystem conflicts with economic development or with immediate human needs, intrinsic value is even less likely to be an effective basis for conservation. This argument scapegoats intrinsic value. Because of humankind’s anthropocentrism, no basis for conservation is likely to trump immediate human needs. In previous years, conservation has been faulted for being unable to reach the masses. More recently there have been successful partnerships for conservation between science and religion. We should be motivating people by branching out in search of ideas that complement our own, rather than forcing them to choose between concepts that are in fact compatible.

The evolution of money as a medium of exchange

This paper uses an evolutionary approach to explain the origin of money as media of exchange in a primitive economy, where agents specialize in production for the purpose of trading for their own consumption goods. A general class of dynamics, which is consistent with Darwinian dynamics, is applied to the selection of strategies. The model produces many of the well-known results regarding the importance of intrinsic value and the proportion of agents specializing in different goods. In addition, the model also shows the importance of initial trading strategies and of the mutations of agents’ strategies in selecting equilibria.