Importance Of Information Research Articles

Application of the heat equation to the study of underground temperature

Modeling underground temperatures provides a practical application of the one-dimensional heat equation. In this work, the one-dimensional heat equation in surface soil is extended to include heat carried by the vertical flow of rainwater through the soil. Analytical solutions, with and without water flow, illustrate the influence of rainwater circulation on the sub-surface propagation of seasonal temperature variations, an important effect that is generally neglected in textbooks. The surface temperature variations are damped by the soil, and this effect was used by the Troglodytae in Egypt or the Petra in South Jordan to insulate against extreme temperatures. For a realistic case of horizontally layered geology, a finite volume Python code was developed for the same purpose. Subsurface temperatures were also measured over a full year at depths up to 1.8 m and used to estimate the thermal skin depth and thermal wavelength. This study provides students with a practical example of how a textbook physics problem can be modified to extract information of contemporary importance in geophysics and global warming.

Annual and Seasonal Variation of the Ocean Thermal Resources off the Mexican Coast

A large amount of thermal energy is stored in the oceans between the tropics, available for conversion into electrical energy using OTEC technology. The aim of this study was to determine the annual and seasonal variability of the oceanic thermal resource in Mexico. Using the WOA18 database, we mapped surface temperature at a 10 m depth, deep cold water (<5 °C), vertical temperature difference (18 and 20 °C), and temperature anomalies. From the results, four areas were analyzed as being suitable for the installation of OTEC technology: Pacific (A), Los Cabos (B), Caribbean (C), and Gulf of Mexico (G). The optimal thermal resource (≥20 °C) was found between a 400 and 1000 m depth in all seasons in A and C, in spring, summer, and autumn in G, and only in summer and autumn in B. The suboptimal thermal resource (between 18 and 20 °C) was present between 400 and 800 m in all seasons in A, C, and G, and in summer and autumn in B. These results provide new information of utmost importance for future location and design considerations of OTEC plants on Mexican coasts, and the methodology can be used in other areas where there is a lack of field data and the development of OTEC technology is being considered.

Borttagelse og semantik

In this article, I examine the way acts of things being seized are presented in three fifteenth century Danish chronicles. I hypothesize that seizures are deployed in a linguistic capacity to quickly convey information of narrative importance. This strategy aims at situating the involved actors in the narrative world and thus presents certain understandings of how we are to assess the morality of the acts and persons in question. The chronicles utilize different words for seizures (though some overlaps occur) which shows how the different words for seizures are deeply rooted in specific cultural understandings and archetypes. Hence, the article seeks to demonstrate that in late medieval chronicles, acts of seizures are fully integrated into the larger narratives told. The consequences are significant as a thief, then, rarely is just a thief, and even the most innocently described episode can cover for morally questionable acts. Both reservations are important for the people portrayed in the sources and our continued investigation of past society, literary and historical.

Importance of Achara Rasayana in Present Era

There is a crisis of character in all fields or professions. Some persons in almost all professions are corrupt, making failure of the system. Many efforts have been done by the government in many countries to improve the system but complete removal of corruption could not be done because ethical or moral values cannot be forced. Public should be self-conscious about morality. Achara Rasayana (Ethical Alchemy) is a special contribution of Acharya Charak for achieving the physical, mental and social health and a high moral sense. The individuals acquire rejuvenation effects, who are truthful and free from annoy, devoid of alcohol and sex indulgence, do not involve in fighting or exhaustion, nonviolent and pleasant on their language, carry out Japa and hygiene, Dhira individual, frequently carry out charity and Tapas, frequently offer prayer to the God, cows, Brahmanas, teachers, preceptors and old persons, completely free from barbarous acts, sympathetic, time of awakening and sleep are regular, routinely receive milk and ghee, aware with the nation and the time, experts in the knowledge of rationality, free from self-image, have good behavior not narrow minded, have love for religious information, have brilliant sense organs, have respect for seniors, Astikas the existence of God and validity of the Vedas, having self-control and commonly study scriptures. Thus, Ayurvedic literature shows many matchless information of primary importance in context of Rasayana.

DeepDOF-SE: affordable deep-learning microscopy platform for slide-free histology

Histopathology plays a critical role in the diagnosis and surgical management of cancer. However, access to histopathology services, especially frozen section pathology during surgery, is limited in resource-constrained settings because preparing slides from resected tissue is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and requires expensive infrastructure. Here, we report a deep-learning-enabled microscope, named DeepDOF-SE, to rapidly scan intact tissue at cellular resolution without the need for physical sectioning. Three key features jointly make DeepDOF-SE practical. First, tissue specimens are stained directly with inexpensive vital fluorescent dyes and optically sectioned with ultra-violet excitation that localizes fluorescent emission to a thin surface layer. Second, a deep-learning algorithm extends the depth-of-field, allowing rapid acquisition of in-focus images from large areas of tissue even when the tissue surface is highly irregular. Finally, a semi-supervised generative adversarial network virtually stains DeepDOF-SE fluorescence images with hematoxylin-and-eosin appearance, facilitating image interpretation by pathologists without significant additional training. We developed the DeepDOF-SE platform using a data-driven approach and validated its performance by imaging surgical resections of suspected oral tumors. Our results show that DeepDOF-SE provides histological information of diagnostic importance, offering a rapid and affordable slide-free histology platform for intraoperative tumor margin assessment and in low-resource settings.

Assessing the diet of modern and archaeological guanacos from the Great Chaco in Córdoba, Argentina, through stable isotope analysis (δ13C, δ15N) of bone and dentin collagen: Implications for paleoenvironmental and zooarchaeological studies

The application of stable isotope analyses allows a diachronic characterisation of species habitat and feeding behaviour, information of utmost importance for zooarchaeological research. In South America, the former distribution of the guanaco ( Lama guanicoe) encompassed a much larger territory than the current one. Within the Argentinean Great Chaco, only a small native population persists in Northwestern Córdoba province, Central Argentina, where it was once widely distributed. In this paper, we present the first set of dentin and collagen δ13C and δ15N values for this relict population ( N = 18) along with archaeological data of guanaco specimens ( N = 19) dated to the Middle and Late Holocene from the nearby Ongamira valley. Neither deciduous and permanent teeth nor males and females show marked differences within the modern samples. Both modern and archaeological guanaco δ13C values indicate a mixed diet of C3 and, to a lesser extent, C4 plants. Conversely, the δ15N values exhibit distinct signals between the Arid and the Mountain Chaco subregions. The diet breadth of the archaeological guanacos suggests the use of transitional or ecotonal environments, also reflected in the size of their isotopic niche as opposed to modern guanacos. Regarding the timing of the species retraction in the region, there is no evidence of a shift in its habitat during the period between ~4700 and 190014C years BP. We suggest their retraction probably occurred later than previously proposed in regional zooarchaeological models.

The impact of image contrast, resolution and reader expertise on black hole identification in Multiple Sclerosis.

In the neuroradiological work-up of Multiple Sclerosis (MS), the detection of "black holes" (BH) represent an information of undeniable importance. Nevertheless, different sequences can be used in clinical practice to evaluate BH in MS. Aim of this study was to investigate the possible impact of different sequences, resolutions, and levels of expertise on the intra- and inter-rater reliability identification of BH in MS. Brain MRI scans of 85 MS patients (M/F = 22/63; mean age = 36.0 ± 10.2years) were evaluated in this prospective single-center study. The acquisition protocol included a 3mm SE-T1w sequence, a 1mm 3D-GrE-T1w sequence from which a resliced 3mm sequence was also obtained. Images were evaluated independently by two readers of different expertise at baseline and after a wash-out period of 30days. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated as an index of intra and inter-reader reliability. For both readers, the intra-reader ICC analysis showed that the 3mm SE-T1w and 3mm resliced GrE-T1w images achieved an excellent performance (both with an ICC ≥ 0.95), while 1mm 3D-GrE-T1w scans achieved a moderate one (ICC < 0.90). The inter-reader analysis showed that each of the three sequences achieved a moderate performance (all ICCs < 0.90). The 1mm 3D-GrE-T1w sequence seems to be prone to a greater intra-reader variability compared to the 3mm SE-T1w, with this effect being driven by the higher spatial resolution of the first sequence. To ensure reliability levels comparable with the standard SE-T1w in BH count, an assessment on a 3mm resliced GrE-T1w sequence should be recommended.

ОСНОВЫ ИНФОРМАЦИОННОГО ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ ПРОЦЕССОВ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ

This article examines the information support of management processes and assesses further prospects for the development of information support for management in the Russian Federation. Also in this article we will consider the importance of informatization in management and information systems, their use in modern society. We will study the problems of information support for management processes at the present stage of social development and offer recommendations for improving the information support for management processes.

Discourse on the Classification of Information in Nepal

Even after one and a half decades since the implementation of the Right to Information (RTI) Act in Nepal, the classification of information tasks has not been completed. Although attempts were made to classify the information three times during this period, none of the classifications were valid, and there was difficulty in the implementation of the RTI Act. This study has employed the principle of maximum disclosure, and the contents have been analyzed by adopting descriptive and explanatory methods. Instead of being active by classifying information to fulfill the policy objectives of the RTI Act, such as making the functions of the state open and transparent in accordance with the democratic system, making it accountable and responsible to the citizens, and making the access of citizens simple and easy to the information of public importance held in public bodies, the state has become indifferent.

Modelling of Automated Store Energy Consumption

Over the last decade, a constantly growing trend of the popularization of self-service automated stores has been observed. Vending machines have been expanded into fully automated stores, the offer of which is comparable to small, conventional stores. One of the basic reasons for the popularization of modern automated stores is the reduction in a store’s energy consumption while ensuring a comparable range of products offered. The research into possibilities of reducing greenhouse gases emission is important in terms of the environment and climate protection. The research presented in the paper concerns the development of a model for determining electricity consumption, operating costs and CO2 emission of an automated store designed and developed by Delfin company. In the developed model, the potential location of the store, prevailing climatic conditions and expected product sales are taken into account. Estimated energy demand for the store is the information of key importance for the potential investors and the manufacturer of the automated store. It is worth emphasizing that the average annual electrical energy consumption evaluated for a grocery store of an area of 70 m2 amounted to approximately 38.4 MWh, while for an automated store of an area of 9 m2 and a comparable product range, the electricity consumption was approximately 10.1 MWh, i.e., 74% smaller.

Front‐Page News: The Effect of News Positioning on Financial Markets

ABSTRACTThis paper estimates the effect of news positioning on the speed of price discovery, using exogenous variation in prominent (“front‐page”) positioning of news articles on the Bloomberg terminal. Front‐page articles see 240% higher trading volume and 176% larger absolute excess returns during the first 10 minutes after publication than equally important non‐front‐page articles. Overall, the information in front‐page articles is fully incorporated into prices within an hour of publication. The response to non‐front‐page information of similar importance eventually converges but takes more than two days to be fully reflected in prices.

Graphic modeling of radioecological data using Violinplot

Data collection of environmental radioactive chemical contaminants is information of fundamental importance for decision-making in environmental planning and management. In this case, data analyses should be performed with a high level of significance within robust statistical planning. The objective of this study was to utilize the Violinplot as a graphical modeling tool for statistical analysis of radioecology data. To achieve this, a computational algorithm was developed in the Python language. The findings clearly demonstrate that the Violinplot is an outstanding data analysis tool for robust statistical planning in environmental management.

A cross-sectional study of road traffic accident victims at a tertiary care teaching hospital at Gwalior city in Madhya Pradesh of Central India

Background: Road crash deaths in India, which were the highest in the world, are a burden on its demographic dividend and have a tangible impact on poverty. Aims and Objectives: The present study was conducted to investigate the sociodemographic characteristics, type of vehicle, types of road, primary treatment, and safety measures adopted by the victims of road traffic accidents (RTA). Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted at Trauma Center, Madhav Dispensary, J.A. Group of Hospitals Gwalior, M.P. on 528 Victims of RTA between the period of January 01, 2020, and June 30, 2021. The descriptive statistical measures such as mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentage were used. The data analysis was done in Microsoft Excel Software. Results: In the present study, a total of 528 RTA victims were enquired. Their average age was 33.02±13.31 years, with 81.8% were male and 18.2% were female. Most of the victims (67.80%) were on two-wheeler vehicles. About half of the victims were found to have Head on Collision during accidents. The accidents mostly occurred in the time period from 9.00 am to 9.00 pm. It was observed that 65.90% RTA victims had soft-tissue injury and bony injury. Conclusion: It was vital to obtain valid information of the real importance of RTA along with the preventive action concerning RTAs. It was recommended to provide the basic treatment to victims related with RTA at Primary Care Center of the nearest accident place.

TRAINING OF FUTURE SPECIALISTS WITH HIGHER EDUCATION FOR PROFESSIONAL AND COMMUNICATIVE INTERACTION

The research outlines important aspects of the preparation of highly qualified specialists aimed at increasing the efficiency of their professional activity by improving their communication skills, which are used to transfer significant amounts of information of crucial importance for professional decision-making.&#x0D; The article studies the formation of personal competences of future specialists with higher education with the priority of communicative competence as the basic means of prospective students’ training. The authors focus the attention on development of key competences that are formed in the process of learning humanitarian subjects as well as on determining the aspects of the competence approach in education. Thus, the main features of key competences of prospective specialists are distinguished and analyzed.&#x0D; The article studies the concept and the essence of the competence approach and its practical implementation into the system of higher education. The authors have identified that the formation of the communicative competence is a reliable tool of creative-motivational thinking formation in the higher education seekers.&#x0D; It is concluded that according to the results of the research conducted, professional self-realization is an important component of the system of personal self-development of the modern specialists, as well as the formation of professional competences. Communicative competence is identified as the activity aimed at improving future specialists’ personalities in accordance with professional requirements. In particular, the professional culture of a student-foreigner is determined as a set of practical and spiritual attributes that determine the quality of their professional activity, which are closely related to their intellectual, general pedagogical and psychological, methodological, and informational, theoretical, practical and cultural activities as well.

Development of a tool for the analysis of urban expansion and occupation of rural areas: a study in the city of Novo Hamburgo

In the last years, it has been observed in the populations a tendence for a better quality of life and a greater contact with the nature. This behavior intensified with the pandemic Covid-19 period, where a migration to rural regions and a search for houses with more space can be observed, thus increasing the growth of these regions. Thus, the main objective of this study is to elaborate a tool for evaluating the sustainable urban expansion in rural areas. Such evaluation is carried out through multicriteria analysis, where aspects such infrastructure and the probability and challenges for the region to have sustainable expansion. Through this tool it will be possible to evaluate the occupation of rural areas, with an easy-to-operation analysis instrument using the multicriteria analysis. The use of this technique helped to validate the tool with the consulted specialists, bringing an even broader view to it due to the multidisciplinary of the respondents. The tool allows us to carry out this survey using the bibliography, public documents and field visits, thus being able to have actualized information of great importance for the construction of action plans for an expansion in rural areas, contemplating the socio-environmental and economic needs.

Analysis of competition and dominance level on the passenger car market of Republic of Korea

The article is devoted to the analysis of statistical data provided by the Committee of Automakers of the Association of European Businesses (AEB) on the volume of sales of passenger cars of various brands on the market of the Republic of Korea from 2010 to 2021. The article describes the history and current trends of the market in question. Moreover, the authors summarize previously conducted research on this topic, providing a list of relevant studies. By using the competitive analysis tool — SV matrix, the study aims to provide information of scientific importance on the subject of competitive environment within the market under consideration, as well as to identify leading companies. An interpretation based on the results of the study is presented as well. It includes an explanation of the dynamics in the market, including changes in the market share of companies within the selected time period, a description of the specificities of the modern market leaders development and the reasons for the existing competitive environment. The conclusion is made about the relative stability of the South Korean automobile market, which has a national manufacturer and retailer as a market leader throughout the analyzed period. Moreover, quite a reasonable assumption is made about the relevance of the development pattern of the South Korean automobile market for the corresponding market of the Russian Federation.

Drug information sources in professional work—a questionnaire study on physicians’ usage and preferences (the drug information study)

PurposeThis study aimed to explore physicians’ use of drug information in professional work, with special focus on those working in primary care, and also in relation to personal characteristics of physicians.MethodsA web-based questionnaire was distributed by e-mail to physicians in five regions in Sweden. The questions concerned drug-related queries at issue when searching for information, sources used, and factors of importance for the choice of source, as well as responder characteristics.ResultsA total of 3254 (85%) out of 3814 responding physicians stated that they searched for drug information every week. For physicians working in primary health care, the corresponding number was 585 (96%). The most common drug-related issues searched for by 76% of physicians every week concerned pharmacotherapeutic aspects (e.g., dosing), followed by adverse drug reactions (63%). For 3349 (88%) physicians, credibility was the most important factor for the choice of sources of drug information, followed by easy access online (n = 3127, 82%). Further analyses among physicians in primary care showed that some personal characteristics, like seniority, sex, and country of education, as well as research experience, were associated with usage and preferences of drug information sources.ConclusionsThis study confirms that physicians often use drug information sources in professional work, in particular those who work in primary health care. Credibility and easy access are key factors for usage. Among physicians in primary care, personal factors influenced the choice of drug information sources.

Baseline genetic distinctiveness supports structured populations of thornback ray in the Mediterranean Sea

Abstract The thornback ray (Raja clavata) is the most important chondrichthyan in terms of landings in the Mediterranean Sea. Intense harvesting may induce negative genetic effects reducing the resilience of overfished species. For this reason, genetic diversity information should be considered in fisheries management and conservation policies. Microsatellite markers were used to unravel the genetic features (variability, connectivity, sex‐biased dispersal) of R. clavata populations, both at the small (around the coast of Sardinia, western Mediterranean Sea) and larger spatial scales (at the pan‐Mediterranean level, and between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea). Individual clustering, multivariate and variance analyses rejected the hypothesis of genetic homogeneity, with significant genetic differences between Mediterranean and Atlantic rays, as well as within the Mediterranean Sea between its western and eastern basins. The data indicated that both the Strait of Gibraltar and the Sicilian Channel seem to be effective in limiting the dispersal of thornback ray individuals, but a further structuring was identified, with the significant genetic differentiation of the populations located in the Algero‐Provençal and Tyrrhenian basins. Such a fine‐scale arrangement suggests the occurrence of additional barriers to species dispersal. A lack of significant genetic differentiation, stable over the years, was measured at a local scale among R. clavata Sardinian samples. Several possible mechanisms, both biological and abiotic (e.g. migratory behaviour, waterfronts and oceanographic discontinuities), are discussed. Overall, the genetic data presented, both at the local and regional level, could represent the baseline information for the temporal monitoring of populations and assessing the effects of present or future fisheries‐related management actions. The data obtained are information of paramount importance for minimizing the gaps in our current knowledge of the genetic diversity of thornback rays and maximizing the information needed for the correct protection of R. clavata populations.

"Hybrid diplomacy": on the production of personnel in the field of countering foreign information and hybrid wars

This article is devoted to the issues of personnel training to counter the infected and hybrid free war against the Russian Federation in connection with the start of the Special Military Operation in Ukraine. It is noted that programs such as "Information and hybrid wars" are a structure for the formation in the Russian Federation of a nationwide system to counter information and hybrid war. In modern programs for training specialists in countering information and hybrid wars of great importance for international and analytical work, the main justifications and methods are disclosed in the courses "Analytical support for special military and police operations" and "Information support for special military and police operations in the media and New York". media". The data on the results are read taking into account the experience gained during the fi rst trade operation in Ukraine, with the involvement of specialists from the Russian Ministry of Defense and military journalists. Given the specific indicators, much attention is paid to special intelligence and military companies. To this end, the curriculum includes a course on Competitive Intelligence and Private Intelligence Companies, as well as special courses such as Competitive Intelligence Methods and Private Medical Companies in Special Military, Police and Peacekeeping Operations. Thus, the formation of a system for training specialists to counter hybrid wars is really beginning in Russia. The emergence of such programs as "Information and hybrid wars" is one of the signs of the creation of such a system. We have good chances on this plane, but they were also seen in this country of the West Country.

On citizens' right to information: Justification and analysis of the democratic right to be well informed

On citizens' right to information: Justification and analysis of the democratic right to be well informed