Importance Of Electric Fields Research Articles

Key results from the first plasma operation phase and outlook for future performance in Wendelstein 7-X.

The first physics operation phase on the stellarator experiment Wendelstein 7-X was successfully completed in March 2016 after about 10 weeks of operation. Experiments in this phase were conducted with five graphite limiters as the primary plasma-facing components. Overall, the results were beyond the expectations published shortly before the start of operation [Sunn Pedersen et al., Nucl. Fusion 55, 126001 (2015)] both with respect to parameters reached and with respect to physics themes addressed. We report here on some of the most important plasma experiments that were conducted. The importance of electric fields on global confinement will be discussed, and the obtained results will be compared and contrasted with results from other devices, quantified in terms of the fusion triple product. Expected values for the triple product in future operation phases will also be described and put into a broader fusion perspective.

Importance of electric fields from ionized nanoparticles for radiation therapy

A model is presented in which electric fields from ionized particles in a biological tissue enhance the biological effect of ionizing radiation. The model is based on the data on enhancing the gamma radiation effect on biological cells by static electric fields and on estimates of the typical intensities of electric fields from ionized nanoparticles in a biological tissue.

Electricity and colloidal stability: How charge distribution in the tissue can affects wound healing

The role of endogenous electric fields in wound healing is still not fully understood. Electric fields are of fundamental importance in various biological processes, ranging from embryonic development to disease progression, as described by many investigators in the last century. This hypothesis brings together some relevant literature on the importance of electric fields in physiology and pathology, the theory of biologically closed electric circuits, skin battery (a phenomenon that occurs after skin injury and seems to be involved in tissue repair), the relationship between electric charge and interstitial exclusion, and how skin tissues can be regarded as colloidal systems. The importance of electric charges, as established in the early works on the subject and the relevance of zeta potential and colloid stability are also analyzed, and together bring a new light for the physics involved in the wound repair of all the body tissues.

Layer‐By‐Layer Electropeeling of Organic Conducting Material Imaged In Real Time

Soft materials comprising low-molecular-weight organic molecules are attracting increasing interest because of their importance in the development of a number of emerging areas in nanoscience and technology, including molecular electronics, nanosystems for energy conversion, and devices in the widest sense. Their interaction with electrodes and their behavior under electric fields is a topic of vital significance for these areas, and about which very little is known. Here unprecedented evidence is presented for the controlled peeling of organic molecular material when a voltage is applied between the conducting system and the conducting probe of a scanning force microscope. The rate of removal of the material from the surface of the bulk conducting supramolecular material can be tuned. It depends on the potential applied and is initiated only above a threshold value of 200 mV. The results indicate the importance of electric fields on the stability and performance of conducting organic systems at the nanoscale.

Importance of electric fields in modeling space plasmas

Many space plasma models use magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) theory with the approximation that the high conductivity of plasmas does not support electric fields in the fluid frame (ideal approximation). We will show that physics is consistent only if the small electric field is included. Even then, MHD theory requires knowledge about collisionless conductivity for which there is little information. MHD theory has other restrictions that make it inapplicable to collisionless space plasmas. We apply MHD and ideal MHD concepts to observations and discuss why they are not adequate. There is an urgent need to develop kinetic models that correctly describe space plasmas.

Role of electric field in plasma confinement and exhaust

Experimental and theoretical aspects of the role of electric fields in plasma confinement and exhaust are overviewed. The history of the discovery of the importance of electric fields in plasmas is depicted. The correlation between radial electric fields and plasma rotation is outlined. The concept ofE ×B flow velocity shear suppression is explained and modelled. Edge polarization results on the CASTOR tokamak are presented. Recent results in the formation of internal transport barriers are summarized.

On the importance of electric fields in the magnetosphere and interplanetary space

On the importance of electric fields in the magnetosphere and interplanetary space