Importance Of Dietary Control Research Articles

Evaluation of the relationship between nutrition and the risk of fatal outcomes from cardiovascular diseases in people with type 2 diabetes

Aim. To evaluate the relationship between nutrition and the risk of fatal outcomes from cardiovascular diseases in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Materials and methods. The baseline study was conducted within the HAPIEE project in 2002–2005. The followup period for the observed cohort, including individuals with T2DM, lasted from 2003–2005 to December 31, 2018 and reached on average 12.8 years (1.1 ± 16.0 years). Within the study, 2 groups were formed: the treatment group which included persons with T2DM who “developed fatal events” and the control group which encompassed individuals with T2DM who “did not develop fatal events” during the follow-up. The treatment group included 207 people (107 men, 100 women), the average age for both sexes was 62.4 ± 5.9 years; the control group consisted of 474 people (177 men, 297 women), the average age for both sexes was 58.1 ± 6.6 years. The data on actual nutrition were obtained from a survey of the participants using the Food Frequency Questionnaire and included information on consumption of 147 foods. Statistical processing of the data was carried out using the SPSS 13.0 software package. The data were presented as M ± SD, where M is the arithmetic mean and SD is the standard deviation. An analysis of the association between nutrition and the risk of death from cardiovascular diseases was performed using the Cox regression model. The differences were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05.Results. In the studied sample, we identified a significant relationship between the consumption of a number of foods and the risk of death from cardiovascular diseases in people with T2DM over a 15-year follow-up. It was shown that increased consumption of fruits (by 80 g / day) and nuts (by 2 g / day) was significantly associated with a decreased risk of death in men: hazard ratio (HR) = 0.726, p = 0.044 and HR = 0.826, p = 0.011, respectively. Increased consumption of eggs in men (by 50 g / day) was associated with an increased risk of death: HR = 1.728, p = 0.003. In women, a decreased risk of death was observed only with the consumption of meat products: HR = 0.786, p = 0.036.Conclusion. The results of the study showed a clear relationship between the consumption of a number of foods and the risk of death from cardiovascular diseases. Thus, increased consumption of fruits, nuts, and meat products was significantly associated with a decreased risk of death from cardiovascular diseases in people with T2DM, while the consumption of eggs and dairy products, on the contrary, was associated with an increased risk of mortality. These data indicate the importance of dietary control in individuals with carbohydrate metabolism disorders.

Design and synthesis of new energy restriction mimetic agents: Potent anti-tumor activities of hybrid motifs of aminothiazoles and coumarins

The incidence of obesity-related diseases like diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and different types of cancers shed light on the importance of dietary control as preventive and treatment measures. However, long-term dietary control is challenging to achieve in most individuals. The use of energy restriction mimetic agents (ERMAs) as an alternative approach to affect the energy machinery of cancer cells has emerged as a promising approach for cancer therapy. ERMAs limit the high need for energy in rapidly growing tumor cells, with their survival rate strongly dependent on the robust availability of energy. In this context, initial phenotypic screening of an in-house pilot compound library identified a new class of aminothiazole anchored on coumarin scaffold as potent anticancer lead drug candidates with potential activity as ERMA. The identified chemotypes were able to inhibit glucose uptake and increase ROS content in cancer cells. Compounds 9b, 9c, 9i, 11b, and 11c were highly active against colorectal cancer cell lines, HCT116 and HT-29, with half-maximal inhibitory concertation (IC50) range from 0.25 to 0.38 µM. Further biological evaluations of 9b and 9f using Western blotting, caspase activity, glucose uptake, ROS production, and NADPH/NADP levels revealed the ability of these lead drug candidates to induce cancer cell death via, at least in part, energy restriction. Moreover, the assessment of 9b and 9f synergistic activity with cisplatin showed promising outcomes. The current work highlights the significant potential of the lead compounds, 9b, and 9f as potential anticancer agents via targeting the cellular energy machinery in cancer cells.

Abstract 4314: Using antioxidant to enhance liver cancer preventive effect of n-3 PUFAs

Abstract In various animal models, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have demonstrated cancer preventive effects. This protective effect is associated with reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). On the other hand, an endogenous DNA adduct formed from the peroxidation of ω-3 PUFAs, γ-hydroxy-1, N2-propanodeoxyguanosine (γ-OHPdG), is known to be mutagenic. In light of these observations, we hypothesized that the combination of n-3 PUFAs with an antioxidant to inhibit lipid peroxidation (e.g. α-lipoic acid) will result in an enhanced cancer preventive effect than n-3 PUFAs alone. The chemical carcinogen diethylnitrosamine (DEN) induced HCC model is employed in this study. The DEN-induced HCC model has a histology and genetic signature similar to that of human HCCs, such that it has poor prognosis and recapitulates a dependence on inflammatory signaling. It also reflects the same gender disparity seen in human HCCs. Fat-1 transgenic mice were used because they express a Caenorhabditis elegans desaturase converting n-6 to n-3 PUFAs endogenously without using dietary supplementation. This model underlies the importance of dietary control of PUFAs intake and ratios due to the inability of mammalian cells to generate anti-inflammatory n-3 PUFAs from pro-inflammatory n-6 PUFAs, which are a major component of the standard Western diets. The results showed that antioxidant can efficiently suppress the elevated level of γ-OHPdG in fat-1 mice. The tumor incidence, multiplicity, and size are monitored continuously. This work was supported by the NCI grant: RO1-CA-134892. Y.F. thanks the Prevent Cancer Foundation for his fellowship (Marcia and Frank Carlucci Charitable Foundation Award in Cancer Prevention and Early Detection) Citation Format: Ying Fu, Angela Y. Bai, Marcin Dyba, Jing X. Kang, Fung-Lung Chung. Using antioxidant to enhance liver cancer preventive effect of n-3 PUFAs. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4314.

P3A203 - A new oral sensitization model in rats to food proteins and the importance of dietary control

P3A203 - A new oral sensitization model in rats to food proteins and the importance of dietary control

Continued expression of anti-soy protein antibodies in rats bred on a soy protein–free diet for one generation: The importance of dietary control in oral sensitization research

Background: One of the major factors that may have negatively affected the results of many oral sensitization studies in animals has been unscheduled dietary preexposure of the test animals or their parental generations to the antigen under investigation. Objective: The influence of dietary preexposure to soy protein on oral sensitization studies with soy protein in Brown Norway rats was investigated. Methods: Brown Norway rats bred on a soy protein–containing diet for several generations (routine bred [RB] animals) were placed on a soy protein–free diet during and for at least 6 months before breeding (F0 group). Four generations of offspring were bred on a soy protein–free diet (F1, F2, F3, and F4 groups). RB and F4 animals were exposed to soy protein either ad libitum through drinking water or parenterally with an adjuvant. Results: In the F0 and F1 animals soy protein–specific IgG antibodies were still detectable, whereas no soy protein–specific IgG was detectable in the other generations tested. In RB animals no significant increase in soy protein–specific IgG titers occurred after exposure to soy protein. Enteral exposure of the F4 animals to soy protein resulted in sensitization to soy protein, with increased soy protein–specific IgG titers. Conclusions: These studies demonstrate that there is a continued expression of anti-soy protein antibodies in rats bred and raised on a soy protein–free diet for one generation. Not only must the test animals be bred and raised on a specified antigen-free diet, but their parental generations must also be bred in the same manner to avoid any problems in oral sensitization studies. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 1998;101:815-820.)