Importance Of Child Care Research Articles

Do high childcare costs and low access to Head Start and childcare subsidies limit mothers’ employment? A state-level analysis

Access to affordable childcare is crucial to mothers’ employment. Yet, childcare costs and access to Head Start, childcare subsidies, and state-funded preschool vary dramatically across U.S. states. Using data from the 2016 American Community Survey five-year estimates, we apply hierarchical logistic regression models to show mothers are more likely to work in states with inexpensive childcare, higher Head Start enrollment and childcare subsidy participation, and increased availability of state-funded preschool. Childcare subsidy access is associated with higher maternal employment amongst those with lower levels of educational attainment, whereas state-funded preschool is associated with higher employment primarily among the college educated. Additionally, our analysis revealed that Head Start has a stronger association with maternal employment in states where childcare costs are high, reducing the negative relationship of employment with expensive childcare. As national discussions continue to center on the importance of childcare, our research adds evidence that public programs support maternal employment through reducing out-of-pocket childcare costs.

The pervasive relevance of COVID-19 within routine paediatric palliative care consultations during the pandemic: A conversation analytic study

Background: The importance of caring for children with complex and serious conditions means that paediatric palliative care must continue during pandemics. The recent pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) provides a natural experiment to study health communication during pandemic times. However, it is unknown how communication within consultations might change during pandemics. Aim: This study, a sub-study of a larger project, aimed to examine real-world instances of communication in paediatric palliative care consultations prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic to understand how clinicians and families talk about the pandemic. Design: Paediatric palliative care consultations prior to, during, and immediately following the initial peak of COVID-19 cases in Australia were video recorded and analysed using Conversation Analysis methods. Setting/participants: Twenty-five paediatric palliative care consultations (including face-to-face outpatient, telehealth outpatient and inpatient consultations) were video recorded within a public children’s hospital in Australia. Participants included 14 health professionals, 15 child patients, 23 adult family members and 5 child siblings. Results: There was a pervasive relevance of both serious and non-serious talk about COVID-19 within the consultations recorded during the pandemic. Topics typical of a standard paediatric palliative care consultation often led to discussion of the pandemic. Clinicians (55%) and parents (45%) initiated talk about the pandemic. Conclusions: Clinicians should not be surprised by the pervasiveness of COVID-19 or other pandemic talk within standard paediatric palliative care consultations. This awareness will enable clinicians to flexibly address family needs and concerns about pandemic-related matters that may impact health and wellbeing.

Prevention and treatment of COVID-19 in the pediatric population from the family and community perspective

Partiendo del informe sobre la situación de la COVID-19 en España, del 3 de abril del 2020, los casos confirmados ascienden a 117.710, de los que 343 tienen una edad inferior a 14 años (< 1%). Es fundamental conocer la especificidad de este proceso en la población infantil, así como las recomendaciones específicas para una adecuada prevención y cuidado de los niños durante la pandemia por la COVID-19. Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la evidencia científica sobre las recomendaciones específicas para la atención pediátrica en casos de COVID-19 desde el ámbito familiar y comunitario.Se han seleccionado y analizado las principales recomendaciones y medidas preventivas en los entornos de Atención Primaria de salud y el domicilio desde un enfoque integrador dónde se incluyen los aspectos biopsicosociales del niño durante el confinamiento.La importancia de los cuidados de la infancia frente a la enfermedad radican sobre todo en asegurar las correctas medidas de prevención del contagio por la condición de actuar como posibles portadores durante un período de incubación de hasta 21 días. La recomendación es que los niños participen activamente en las acciones preventivas habituales para la contención de la expansión de la enfermedad. A nivel domiciliario, el aislamiento supone un importante reto para las familias donde se presentan manifestaciones de incertidumbre, miedo e indefensión ante los cambios y entre las recomendaciones se encuentran establecer rutinas orden mediante horarios de actividades y ocio unido a las medidas de higiene.Dada la rapidez con la que se ha producido la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2, existen pocas evidencias del impacto en niños en España por el momento. Es necesario desarrollar estudios específicos sobre prevención y tratamiento en la edad pediátrica para mejorar las recomendaciones disponibles.

Influences and interferences in child growth and development

Childhood is a phase of life in which changes occur in a milder and significant way, with body alteration being the most significant. The growth and development parameters are the most used signs to evaluate the health conditions of the child in the different phases. Child care is focused on aspects of prevention and health promotion, in the sense of keeping the child healthy, and it is offered in the Family Health Strategy and applied in basic health care networks. The nurse is one of the professionals involved in the periodic monitoring of child growth and development and is constantly witnessing the situations that influence it. In this way, a bibliographical research was carried out with the objective of evidencing the main factors that influence and interfere in the children's growth and development, according to the published national literature, highlighting the importance of child care, the common diseases and identifying the role of health professionals. It is recognized at the end of the work the importance of a trained and prepared multi-professional team to act in all phases, and in the child care is of fundamental importance the existence of training courses, individual and team effort, only in this way the mother and child can enjoy safe puerperal care from the gestation to the next stages of life.

Puericultura em Enfermagem: perfil e principais problemas encontrados em crianças menores de um ano

Estudo descritivo exploratório que teve por objetivos descrever o perfil da população menor de um ano atendida na consulta de enfermagem em Puericultura em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde, em Rio Grande-RS, e avaliar a associação entre situação nutricional e presença de candidíase oral, candidíase perineal e dermatite irritativa das fraldas. A amostra foi constituída por 96 prontuários das crianças menores de um ano que realizaram consulta de enfermagem em puericultura. A maioria das crianças era do sexo feminino e encontrava-se eutrófica; todas as que necessitaram de avaliação pediátrica foram encaminhadas; a dermatite irritativa das fraldas foi a alteração mais frequente e esteve associada à situação nutricional desfavorável; o aleitamento materno foi realizado, no máximo, até o sétimo mês de vida do bebê. O estudo aponta a necessidade de sensibilizar a população a respeito da importância da puericultura para a prevenção de agravos e promoção da saúde das crianças.

The Importance of Child Care in Economic Development: A Comparative Analysis of Regional Economic Linkage

Regional economic developers typically use input-output modeling to compare the linkage effects of different targets for economic development policy. Using input-output models for all 50 states in the United States, the authors compare child care linkage effects to economy-wide averages and median multiplier values for agriculture, manufacturing, and services. Multiplier analysis shows that child care linkage effects are similar to these more typical targets for economic development policy and provides one more reason why child care should be included as part of economic development policy.

The Moral Complexities of Family Law

This review essay explores concerns over the decline of morality in family law. Naomi Cahn suggests that the moral values underlying family law have changed: Rather than focusing on fault, sexuality, and privilege, the new family law focuses on caring, commitment, and equity. Professor Cahn argues that, by acknowledging changes within the family, and by including concerns over gender equity and individual autonomy, the new morality provides a strong base for reconceptualizing family law. To show the development of these new concerns within family law, this review essay analyzes the contrasting images of divorce, single parents, and the well-being of children presented in two recent books. The rhetorical debates in these areas, which are often phrased as self-centered individualism versus 'family values, illustrate, Professor Cahn argues, two competing visions of the family: one grounded in longing for the stability traditionally associated with a two-parent heterosexualfamily, and another based on a recognition of the many changes in family form and structure. Advocates of both visions agree on the importance of caring for children, but they disagree on the means for achieving that goal, thus illustrating the significance of the new moral discourse.

Health and Nutrition Status of the Caregiver: Effect on Caregiving Capacity

The importance of child care in ensuring optimal child survival, growth, and development is increasingly recognized. Unfortunately, poor health and nutrition status of the caregivers likely limit their agility to provide adequate care in many countries. Direct evidence for this has been shown in Egypt, where poor dietary intake, low haemoglobin levels, and low vitamin B6 status of the mothers were related to less time spent on care, less response to infants’ vocalization, less vocalization to infants, and greater utilization of older siblings as caregivers. In Kenya, lower maternal caloric intake was associated with less physical contact with their toddlers. Indirect evidence can be inferred from a review of illnesses affecting women globally in the light of the physical and mental demands of adequate caregiving. For this purpose, ill health of women is evaluated from both epidemiological and anthropological perspectives.

山村留学地へのコンティンジェント評価法の適用によるオプション価格の推計

Many papers have measured the Option Price (OP) assuming that it is a non-negative one. Consumers, however, have their positive and negative positions to conserve rural areas. This paper investigated a new method to evaluate not only positive but also negative OP at the same time. That is a dichotomous choice Contingent method using thee expenditure function in the exponential linear model.Using this method, the OP was measured average 49, 355 yen per year to the parents whose children stayed in the mountainous region, and 23, 900 yen to the parents whose children attended the summer camps. The negative OP was not found but the function in the former group permits negative value in the case of bad experiences of the stay. This highlights the importance of caring for children when administrations plan to develop their mountainous regions using the function of the environmental education in such regions.

A personal reflection on parental participation: How some mothers of babies born with disabilities experience interprofessional care

Recent social policy changes, notably the Children Act 1989 and the National Health and Community Care Act 1990, have drawn attention to the need for social care planning for young children with disabilities. The legislation highlights the importance of caring for children within their own families and engaging parents as partners in planning. This small study conducted in an NHS hospital child development clinic, seeks to explore the experiences of parents in the early years of their children's lives. The results indicate that listening to what they have to say, though harrowing, is essential to future care plans and that the complexities of interdisciplinary work can exacerbate the whole process.