Importance Of Active Involvement Research Articles

Validation of the Nepalese version of Recovery Experience Questionnaire

People with stressful situations tend to experience lower psychological well-being highlighting the importance of involvement in activities or strategies that have the potential to promote recovery after stressful work situations. This study aimed to validate the Nepalese version of the Recovery Experience Questionnaire (REQ-N), which evaluates how individuals unwind and recuperate from work in their leisure time. Registered nurses of three university hospitals (N = 438) in Nepal were asked to complete the REQ-N voluntarily and the data was analyzed using SPSS-20 and AMOS. Reliability was examined by using the Cronbach alpha coefficient. Factorial validity was examined by using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Convergent validity was examined by examining the relationships with psychological distress, overall health, happiness, job performance and job satisfaction. Cronbach's alpha coefficients for four subscales ranged from 0.67 to 0.70. A hypothesized four-factor model fitted better to the data. As expected, mastery and control subscales correlated with psychological distress, overall health, happiness, job performance, and job satisfaction. However, psychological detachment subscale correlated with poor health and relaxation subscale correlated with low job satisfaction. The REQ-N displayed an acceptable level of internal-consistency reliability. The theory-based four-factor structure and the association with psychological distress, overall health, happiness, job performance and job satisfaction for mastery and control experience subscales supported the construct validity (including factor-based validity). However, some of the model fit statistics could not meet the minimum recommendations suggesting a need of a large study involving a heterogeneous population. Also, unexpected findings for psychological detachment and relaxation may reflect the culture and values of Nepalese people and need further research.

Husbands\u2019 experience and perception of supporting their wives during childbirth in Tanzania

BackgroundIn order improve the quality of birth care and women satisfaction with birthing process it is recommended that every woman should be offered the option to experience labour and childbirth with a companion of her choice. Involving husbands who are decision makers in the household may a play role in reducing maternal mortality which is unacceptably high despite the targeted goal to reduce this mortality up to three quarters as targeted in the MDGs by 2015. This is still addressed in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of 2015/30. This study aimed to explore the experiences and perceptions of husbands’ support of their wives during pregnancy, labour and deliveries in Tanzania.MethodsQualitative descriptive study design was employed; involving men aged between 24 and 63 years. Participants were selected purposefully at the clinic and in labour ward of SekouToure Regional Referral Hospital (SRRH). The in-depth interview, guided by semi structured interview guide was used to collect the audio recorded and hand written information. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis.ResultsNine semi-structured interviews were conducted with husbands of women attended for antenatal care and those came for deliveries. Four themes emerged; Demonstrating care, love and affection, adopting modern life style, observing women’s right and meeting social economic difficulties. Husbands’ support to their partners is a good behaviour practiced during matrimonial lives. Husbands who support their partners during pregnancy and delivery consider themselves as being modern men as they at home take duties beside their usual tasks to let their wives have adequate time to rest during pregnancy. Poor road infrastructure makes difficult to get transport to the healthcare facility especially when labour is imminent. Also ward infrastructure is not supportive to accommodate husbands when they accompany their wives to the healthcare facility.ConclusionsThe healthcare settings in low income countries need to accommodate men during the routine antenatal and intranatal care for the positive outcome of labour and delivery.Educating men on importance of active involvement in reproductive and child health services is important. Exploratory research should be conducted to understand how education and urbanisation affects men involvement in maternal and child health specifically in the low income countries.

Contemporary criminal defence practice: importance of active involvement at the investigative stage and related training requirements

ABSTRACTThe shifting focus of criminal proceedings from the trial to the pre-trial stages leads to a changing role of criminal defence practitioners across Europe. European criminal defence lawyers are now expected to enter the proceedings earlier and exercise “active” and “participatory” defence as early as the investigative stage. Criminal lawyers, trained in the traditional trial-centred paradigm, are ill-prepared for this role, which results in an important skills gap. Legal representation at the investigative stage presents unique challenges, such as shortage of information, time pressures and the closed nature of pre-trial proceedings. It requires lawyers to operate in a more complex communication environment, than the one to which they have been accustomed. This article sets out the main elements of a professional training programme aiming to fill in the emerging skills gap. The training programme (SUPRALAT) was successfully implemented in Belgium, Hungary, Ireland and the Netherlands, and is being expanded further. The training focuses on effective communication skills, experiential learning and the development of reflective skills. It includes elements of interprofessional training and encourages the development of “communities of practice”.

Relations on Taxes Imposition as General Regulatory Tax Relations

In the paper the author attempts to define the legal nature of relations regarding establishment and introduction of taxes and fees in the Russian Federation. The author refutes the traditional ideas about the absolute model of such legal relations, as the alleged circle of obligated persons does not have the potential to prevent implementation of the sovereign right of the authorized party. It is concluded that relations concerning the imposition of taxes amount to general regulatory relations with broader legal relations, where the right of the authorized person corresponds to the legal status manifesting connectedness, dependence of the opposing subject as the actions of the authorized entity inevitably affect his or her interest. The author identifies the subjects (participants) in such relations and analyzes the peculiarity of their interaction that is manifested in a bilateral (mutual) legal relationship. The paper demonstrates the rights-obligations status of the participants of such relations through direct and reverse legal relations. The State acts not only as a holder of power, but also as the main guarantor of the rights and legitimate interests of all citizens. The article scrutinizes the content of the legitimate interest of the taxpayer based on the fundamental principles of tax law and determining the lawmaker’s behavior.Based on the analysis of the legal relationship between a public law entity and the taxpayer, the author outlines the boundaries of discretionary powers and criteria of discretion of the legislator in the process of imposition of taxes. The tools of reasonable deterrence of fiscal appetite include legal requirements, as well as constitutional and legal justification of legislative decisions.The author emphasizes the importance of active involvement of the taxpayer in the process of regulatory control of legislative provisions.

Public health in the emergency department: overcoming barriers to implementation and dissemination.

This article is the outcome of a consensus building workshop entitled, "Overcoming Barriers to Implementation and Dissemination" convened at the 2009 Academic Emergency Medicine Consensus Conference, ''Public Health in the ED: Surveillance, Screening, and Intervention." The participants were asked to address potential methods for overcoming barriers to the dissemination and implementation in the emergency department (ED) of evidenced-based practices to improve public health. The panel discussed three broad areas of interest including methods for disseminating evidence-based practices, barriers encountered during the process of implementation, and the importance of involvement in activities outside the ED including engagement in policy development and improvement. Four recommendations were discussed in detail and consensus was reached. The recommendations included 1) researchers and advocates should disseminate findings through multiple forums beyond peer-reviewed publications when an ED-based public health intervention has enough evidence to support integration into the routine practice of emergency care; 2) local barriers to implementation of public health interventions should be recognized and well understood from multiple perspectives prior to implementation; 3) innovation must be put into place and adapted based on local institutional context and culture as barriers and the best methods for overcoming them will vary across institutions; and 4) use of legislation, regulation, and incentives outside of the ED should support and strengthen ED-based interventions. For each area of interest, research dimensions to extend the current understanding of methods for effectively and efficiently implementing evidence-based public health interventions in the ED were discussed and consensus was achieved.

A Gay Urologist's Changing Views on Prostate Cancer

SUMMARY As the voluminous data linking PSA and pathology results have accumulated, more refined diagnostic algorithms have resulted. These paradigms may lead to diagnosis of extremely low volume prostate cancers. The author offers his own conclusions in regard to diagnostic tests, treatment options, and managing lifestyle-impacting side effects of treatment. He offers observations from his own practice as an openly gay urologist about the ways in which prostate cancer affects gay men and his development of an Internet group for gay men with prostate cancer. The importance of active involvement in one's diagnosis and treatment is also stressed.