Importance Of Judgment Research Articles

OTHR-14 THE AFRICAN NEURO-ONCOLOGY ACCESS DISPARITY (ANAD) INDEX: A PUBLIC DATA-DRIVEN APPROACH TO MAPPING NATIONAL VARIATIONS IN NEURO-ONCOLOGY CARE BARRIERS

Abstract INTRODUCTION The burden of central nervous system tumors is unevenly distributed globally. In Africa, this burden is further compounded by a lack of cancer-focused health system strengthening. The authors sought to quantify these system-level challenges with a novel index. METHODS This prototype index was developed from publicly available data provided by the World Health Organization’s Global Health Observatory, the World Bank Group’s Country Database, and the Institute For Health Metrics and Evaluation’s Global Burden of Disease database. Metrics were selected based on their ability to represent health system components including workforce, service delivery, infrastructure, information management, health financing, and governance. The metrics were normalized either using standardization or min-max scaling. Next, they were weighted iteratively based on importance, relative impact, and expert judgment. Also, the weighted metrics were grouped into facilitators or obstructors. The difference between obstructors and facilitators for each country was percentile ranked to obtain the index score between 0 and 100. Finally, sensitivity analysis was conducted to test best- and worst-case scenarios based on uncertainty values. The t-test and ANOVA were used to evaluate association between country subregion/income and the index. RESULTS Data was found for 51 African countries. Ethiopia (98), Madagascar (96), and Mali (94) had the highest ANAD Index score whereas Gabon (0), Seychelles (2), and Mauritius (4) had the lowest scores. North African countries had lower ANAD Index scores than sub-Saharan African countries (mean (SD) 19 (4) vs. 54 (4), p=0.005). Also, low-income countries had higher ANAD Index scores than lower-middle- and upper-middle-income countries (72 (19) vs. 37 (27) vs. 9 (12), p<0.001). CONCLUSION This prototype will be further tested for face, construct, content, and criterion validity. The authors anticipate that expanding this metric globally will improve its validity while facilitating advocacy and allowing for impact assessment at the system level.

해상적하보험계약상 피보험이익에 관한 판례연구: 영국법원의 Quadra v XL사건을 중심으로

Purpose: Recently, the United Kingdom’s court handed down an important judgement in Quadra v XL on whether an insured buyer, as a victim of fraud perpetrated by the seller, has an insurable interest in the goods (in this case, grain). This study analyzes the court’s ruling in Quadra v XL and derives some implications Research design, data, and methodology: This study uses textbooks, articles, statutory law, and common law of the U.K. Results: The court in Quadra v XL ruled that the insured did have an insurable interest in the unascertained goods, considering that the insured paid the seller for some or all of the goods, and also had a right to possession of the goods, even though neither the property nor the risk had passed to the insured. Therefore, this case provides some clarity as to the requirement of a valid, insurable interest in goods under marine cargo insurance. Conclusions: This case recognized and reaffirmed the trend whereby courts in the U.K. always lean in favor of an insurable interest. As a practical matter, this case further suggests it is important to conduct proper inspection at the warehouse, and to keep the inspection results, considering that the court places the most reliance on inspection reports when deciding that the goods corresponding to the warehouse receipts were in the warehouse.

Compassionate nursing in challenging contexts: The importance of judgments.

Nurses' demonstration of compassion is an ethical and often regulatory expectation. While research has been conducted to examine the barriers and facilitators of compassion in nurses, little is known about how nurses develop and express compassion for patients who may be blamed for their health condition. Unvaccinated COVID-19 patients are an example of such patients. How do nurses provide compassionate care for unvaccinated adults infected with COVID-19? How did the context of COVID-19 vaccination in Canada shape nurses' relationships with unvaccinated patients? A generic qualitative approach using interviews to gather data was used. Martha Nussbaum's conceptualization of compassion and its cognitive requirements was employed to add depth to the analysis. Seventeen Registered Nurses, from a range of practice settings, who had cared for unvaccinated patients with COVID-19 participated. Ethics approval was received, and signed informed consent was obtained. Participants who were the current students of the researchers were excluded. Three themes were identified:1) Encountering Extreme Workplace Impediments to Compassion.2) Managing Emotions to Provide "Nonjudgmental Care."3) Practicing Narrative Imagination. The difficult working conditions during the pandemic impeded nurses' capacity to be compassionate. Yet, none judged their patients' suffering as trivial, and all provided necessary nursing care. Some initially blamed these patients for the severity of their illness and suppressed their emotions to provide what they called "nonjudgmental care." Upon reflection, participants recognized that these patients' life circumstances may have been barriers to vaccination which, in the end, facilitated the development of compassion. This research has implications that go beyond that of caring for patients with COVID-19. The ideal of "nonjudgmental care" requires critical re-examination because judgments and emotions are required for compassion.

Nurse judgements of hospitalized patients' safety concerns are affected by patient, nurse and event characteristics: A factorial survey experiment.

To test the influences of patient, safety event and nurse characteristics on nurse judgements of credibility, importance and intent to report patients' safety concerns. Factorial survey experiment. A total of 240 nurses were recruited and completed an online survey including demographic information and responses to eight factorial vignettes consisting of unique combinations of eight patient and event factors. Hierarchical multivariate analysis was used to test influences of vignette factors and nurse characteristics on nurse judgements. The intraclass coefficients for nurse judgements suggest that the variation among nurses exceeded the influence of contextual vignette factors. Several significant sources of nurse variation were identified, including race/ethnicity, suggesting a complex relationship between nurses' characteristics and their potential biases, and the influence of personal and patient factors on nurses' judgements, including the decision to report safety concerns. Nurses are key players in the system to manage patient safety concerns. Variation among nurses and how they respond to scenarios of patient safety concerns highlight the need for nurse-level intervention. Complex factors influence nurses' judgement, interpretation and reporting of patients' safety concerns. Understanding nurse judgement regarding patient-expressed safety concerns is critical for designing processes and systems that promote reporting. Multiple event and patient characteristics (type of event and apparent harm, and patient gender, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and communication approach) as well as participant characteristics (race/ethnicity, gender, years of experience and primary hospital area) impacted participants' judgements of credibility, degree of concern and intent to report. These findings will help guide patient safety nurse education and training. STROBE guidelines. Members of the public, including patient advocates, were involved in content validation of the vignette scenarios, norming photographs used in the factorial survey and testing the survey functionality.

Новейшая российская историография о жилищной реформе в годы «хрущевской оттепели»

This article focuses on analyzing specific recent works by Russian scientists that have made a significant contribution to studying the housing reform of the late 1950s – early 1960s. In their writings, they proved the historical significance of the implementation of the social program in the era of the “Khrushchev thaw”, unprecedented in scope for all the years of the existence of the Soviet state, which partially eliminated the housing crisis. The considered latest historiographical sources give grounds to draw a number of conclusions. Modern Russian scientists fairly objectively assess the reasons that predetermined the “shock” build-up of the housing stock in the era of the “Khrushchev thaw”, which made it possible for millions of Soviet citizens to get personal housing by moving from communal apartments and barracks to separate apartments with all amenities. Researchers generally do not biasively characterize the content and focus of housing reform implemented in a team-planned manner. They express original ideas regarding the institutional foundations of the coexistence of the implemented economic practice of the “mass-gross” approach in housing construction with the desire of the socialist state to develop housing construction for the benefit of the Soviet people, and also demonstrate important value judgments on a number of other controversial issues that have not received comprehensive scientific understanding.

Bengwenyama Minerals (Pty) Ltd v Genorah Resources (Pty) Ltd: Johan Froneman, the Transformation of Property Law and the Virtue of Small Things

In this article in honour of Justice Johan Froneman, I consider an early judgment of his on the Constitutional Court, Bengwenyama Minerals (Pty) Ltd v Genorah Resources (Pty) Ltd 2011 4 SA 113 (CC). I read the case as an important property law judgment, showing already at an early stage in the Court's jurisprudence strong traces of a transformative vision of property law developed by Van der Walt, Ngcukaitobi and Wilson, among others that I describe as a democratised property law. I show how the three pillars of this approach (the move from objects to objectives; the opening up of the canon of recognised property interests; and the move from property to propriety) all feature in Froneman J's Bengwenyama judgment. On this basis I then conclude by making the point that real transformation of property law derives much more from the kinds of "small moves" made by Froneman J in Bengwenyama than from the grand-scale solutions such as "expropriation without compensation" or state custodianship of land that have dominated political imagination over the past several years.

Dopuszczenie na rynek produktów leczniczych w wyroku Trybunału EFTA w sprawie E-16/14 Pharmaq AS przeciwko Intervet International BV

The publication is a commentary on an important judgment of the EFTA Court of April 9, 2015 regarding the scope of marketing authorization for vaccines or medicinal products. The first part presents the most important information and circumstances regarding the case. Later, you can find the questions that the Oslo District Court referred to the EFTA Court in Luxembourg. The following parts contain a detailed analysis of the EFTA Court's judgment and the author's commentary. I am convinced that by reading this article, every person interested in pharmaceutical law or veterinary law will be able to expand their knowledge. The publication may also prompt reflection on what beneficial solutions Polish law could derive from Scandinavian law.

The Choice of Values Behind Corporate Law: A Critique of Shareholder Primacy and a Response to China's Proposal

The theory of shareholder primacy, as an important value judgment in the U.S. corporate law on corporate governance model, has influenced the shaping of legal rules of corporate governance in different countries and regions of the world, as well as the revision of China's corporate law. The theoretical lineage of shareholder-centrism has its own peculiar soil of existence and should not be regarded as a universal value behind the norms of corporate law. Even in the U.S., shareholder primacy is highly controversial, and the direction it advocates is contradictory to the reality of corporate governance practices. China has not been affected by the shareholder primacy debate in the current revision of its corporate law, but has adopted a corporate power allocation model with Chinese characteristics, so as to achieve a balance between the efficiency of corporate governance and the protection of shareholders' interests.

2023년 형사소송법 중요 판례 평석

In 2023, there were numerous Supreme Court rulings in the field of criminal procedure law. Among them, eleven important judgments with substantial meanings related to criminal practice, theory, and guarantee of basic rights of the people were selected to introduce the issues and to give a brief review. The main judgments introduced in the paper include the following; ① A ruling that determined that it was illegal to newly search and print a copy of the imaging created during the seizure and search of electronic information in the preceding case for the purpose of investigating criminal charges against an accomplice after the judgment in the preceding case was already confirmed, ② A ruling against the need to recognize the right of the principal offender to participate in the case where a person concealing evidence arbitrarily submits the information storage medium after being incited to conceal it by the person in question, ③ A ruling that in cases of an offence unpunishable over objection, an adult guardian cannot decide not to seek punishment on behalf of a victim who is incompetent, ④ A ruling acknowledging the admissibility of video footage taken without a warrant by an investigative agency at the scene of a crime during or immediately after the crime, ⑤ The Supreme Court ruling that Article 60-6, Paragraph 1 of the Military Criminal Act applies to assaults between Korean soldiers and others that occurred at U.S. military bases in Korea (excluding the application of impunity against will), ⑥ A ruling that determines the degree of reliability of the suspect's statement at the investigation stage as a condition for acknowledging the evidentiary capacity of the investigator's testimony, ⑦ A ruling that acknowledged the admissibility of a phone call recording between the defendant and an individual, which was secretly recorded by the individual, ⑧ Judgment that determines the meaning of ‘when the contents are acknowledged’ in Article 312, Paragraph 1 of the Criminal Procedure Act and the requirements for the admissibility of evidence of the defendant’s accomplice written by the prosecutor, ⑨ A ruling that a decision must be made explicitly on whether to grant permission for a prosecutor's request to change the indictment, ⑩ A ruling that set strict sentencing conditions for the original trial verdict that sentenced the death penalty, ⑪ Judgment explaining the scope of adjudication of the supreme court and the remand trial on the main and reserve indictments, ⑫ Judgments explaining the requirements for trial without attendance at the appellate trial and the requirements for public notice, ⑬ A ruling that explains the scope of the effect of a final judgment on some of the concurrent offences.
 Through active criticism of the above rulings and discussions, many developments are expected in the field of criminal procedure law case and theory this year.

A Comparative Analysis of Attitude Resources in Chinese and American English News Reports on “Roe v. Wade”

In 1973, "Roe v. Wade" (hereinafter referred to as Roe) became one of the important judgements in modern American society because of its establishment of women's reproductive choice. In 2022, the US Supreme Court officially overturned the Roe case, which also caused an uproar at home and abroad. News media, as an important information dissemination medium, widely influences readers' attitudes and opinions. This paper mainly conducted by the application of the Appraisal Theory, which has developed by the linguist J. R. Martin covering three subsystems: attitude, engagement and graduation, to the study of news reports concerning the Roe. The study is focus on the perspective of the attitude system, and the research corpus consists of a total of 10 news articles selected from two mainstream media both in China and the U.S., China Daily and New York Times. Using a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, this study has discussed in detail the attitude resources in the overturning of Roe in Chinese and American news discourse. Through analysis and comparison, the author finds that there are similarities and differences in the overall distribution of attitude resources between the two media. First of all, the distribution of attitude resources between the two sides is roughly in the same trend. Secondly, New York Times employs more attitude resources than that of China Daily, with a dominant air of negative attitude resources.

Progress in the application of cytokines in lung cancer treatment

Lung cancer is the most common cancer today and has become the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Previous common therapy of this disease mainly include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy etc., and the recently most focused solution of immunotherapy, therapy making use of immunity agents such as vaccines, monoclonal antibodies and cytokines. Cytokines, such as gefitinib, the epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor, and bevacizumab, the VEGF inhibitor, have been widely used in the clinic as targets for the treatment of lung cancer. Another application of cytokines in the treatment of lung cancer is to play the role of biomarkers to provide an important judgment basis for prognosis and diagnosis. However, based on understanding of the advantages and limitations of cytokine therapy, scientists have ceased to make efforts to develop it into a core of the cancer therapy. cytokine’s potential to be combined with other therapies and to play indicative roles in cancer treatment still arouses scientists’ interest. This passage reviews the common treatments of lung cancer and discusses the progress in the application of cytokines as a component of cancer treatment.

STID-Prompt: Prompt learning for sentiment-topic-importance detection in financial news

With the development of the Internet and the financial industry, the analysis and judgement of financial news has become increasingly important. Common tasks in this area include sentiment analysis, topic classification, and importance judgement. Existing approaches use fine-tuning paradigms to address these tasks. However, the lack of labeled data in the field of financial news poses a small sample learning problem. The new paradigm represented by prompt learning provides a new way and means to improve the performance of small-sample classification. In addition, existing methods do not focus on research on sentiment, topic, and importance simultaneously, which is also an important factor in evaluating financial news. In practical applications, joint judgment of sentiment, topic, and importance is more effective. Finally, these methods require different tuning for each specific task. They do not consider relationships between individual tasks and cannot utilize information across tasks. This limits their application in complex situations. In this work, we propose a prompt-based financial news classification model (STID-Prompt) to address these issues. For the first two problems, we solve the sentiment analysis task, the topic classification task, the importance judgment task, and the 〈sentiment, topic, importance〉 classification task by designing complex prompt templates. For the third problem, we propose a unique prompt-based joint multi-task learning approach. It learns knowledge from multiple tasks and integrates it into the target task, and the multi-task learning approach further improves the performance of the model. Experimental results show the effectiveness of our approach even with less training data.

Numerical study on the flow noise and performance of trans-critical carbon dioxide ejector

The flow noise and the performance of trans-critical carbon dioxide ejector were simulated to summarize the correlation between them. This correlation is the basis of judging working condition of ejector by monitoring the flow noise. In this article the homogeneous model (HEM) was employed to simulate the inner flow in the ejector. Based on the flow field, the flow noise distribution was derived using broadband noise simulation (BNS). The simulation results showed that major noise sources locate in the premix and diffuser section. The noise source in the premix section is caused by the great velocity difference between primary and secondary flow. The noise sources in diffuser are the back flow and vortexes caused by flow separation. The characteristics of flow noise under variable back pressure are as following: the premix noise remains unchanged while the diffuser noise decreases with the increase of back pressure. Comparing the trend of flow noise and the performance parameters under variable back pressure, it was found that with the decrease of diffuser noise, the pressure ratio and the efficiency of ejector were increased. The correlation between the entrainment ratio and diffuser noise lies in: before the critical back pressure, the entrainment ratio remains constant with the decrease of noise. After that, the noise and entrainment ratio decrease simultaneously. Especially, the back pressure range when the entrainment ratio starts to decline is consistent with the range when the diffuser noise rapidly drops. Therefore, the significant decline of flow noise in diffuser can be viewed as an important judgment basis of ejector entering the subcritical working condition.

Vonnisbespreking: Die jongste “gly-en-val” uitspraak teen ’n winkeleienaar: ’n ontkenning van die Chartaprops-verweer?

Abstract The most recent “slip-and-trip” judgment against a shop owner: A denial of the Chartaprops defence? In 1991, in Langley Fox Building Partnership (Pty) Ltd v De Valence, the Supreme Court of Appeal held that the employer of an independent contractor is not liable for the delicts of the employees of the latter, unless the conduct of the employer or his or her employees had also conformed to the requirements for delictual liability. Notwithstanding, courts have since then not always followed that important judgment, particularly in claims arising from injuries sustained by shoppers who tripped and fell on slippery floors in shopping malls and supermarkets, where shop owners and/or managers had engaged independent cleaning firms to keep floors clean and safe (e.g. Probst v Pick ’n Pay Retailers (Pty) Ltd handed down by the full Johannesburg High Court in 1998). However, in 2009 the Supreme Court of Appeal held that it would be a valid defence for a shop or mall owner or manager to plead that an independent contractor had been appointed for floor cleaning, and that the latter would normally be delictually liable where a shopper had sustained injuries, effectively confirming Langley Fox. In the case under discussion, the plaintiff slipped and fell on a slippery patch in one aisle of the defendant’s supermarket. The court approached delictual liability by applying the res ipsa loquitur maxim on the authority of Probst. Consequently, an inference of negligence on the defendant’s part, following by applying the maxim, was established. The court ultimately decided that the defendant had failed to rebut such inference and also that no negligence had been established on the plaintiff’s part. Notwithstanding its reference to the “Chartaprops defence”, the court did not apply it properly and consequently held the defendant liable. At no point did the court enquire about the possible negligence of the independent contractor’s employees, although the facts overwhelmingly point towards such a probability. The reason for this omission is probably to be found because the court ordered the independent contractor to indemnify the defendant in terms of an indemnity clause in their cleaning service agreement. As a result, the effect of this judgment is that the pre-Chartaprops legal approach to “slip-and-trip” cases – in terms of which a shop owner could incur delictual liability for the civil wrongs of an independent contractor’s employees as if they were his employees – was reinstated. One can fully agree with the court that a reasonable person in the defendant’s position would have foreseen the type of damage that had occurred in casu, and would have taken reasonable steps to avoid such harm. However, the court’s finding that the steps taken by the defendant in appointing a cleaning service contractor had been ineffective, does not necessarily imply that those steps had been inadequate, considering the surrounding facts and circumstances. Keywords: foreseeability; independent contractor; legal duty; omission; negligence; shop floor; shop owner; shop manager; “slip and trip” injury; spillage; wrongfulness

Assisted suicide and the discrimination argument: Can people with mental illness fulfill beneficence- and autonomy-based eligibility criteria?

According to the "discrimination argument," it would be discriminatory and hence impermissible to categorically exclude people with mental illness (PMI) from access to assisted suicide (AS) if AS is accessible to people with somatic illnesses. In objection to this, it could be argued that excluding PMI is not discriminatory, but rather based on their inability to meet certain eligibility criteria for AS. Which criteria are deemed necessary depends on the approach taken to justifying AS. In thisarticle, we describe two distinct ethical approaches to justifying AS and the eligibility criteria they entail and examine whether PMI can fulfill these criteria. A widespread "joint" approach based on beneficence and autonomy assumes that AS is justified when it alleviates the severe and irremediable suffering of a person who autonomously requests AS. An alternative, exclusively autonomy-based approach assumes that providing AS is justified when a person's request is autonomous, regardless of whether AS is in her best interests. The latter approach underlies an important judgment of the German Federal Constitutional Court from 2020. We argue that PMI can in principle fulfill both beneficence- and autonomy-based eligibility criteria for AS, and that a blanket exclusion of all PMI from AS is thus discriminatory on either approach. However, depending on which approach is taken, there are differences regarding the subgroups of PMI that would be eligible for AS. Whether the exclusion of specific PMI is discriminatory therefore depends on how we understand and justify AS.

The concept of the model system of checks and balances in the political and legal teachings of John Locke

The article analyzes John Locke’s political and legal views on the system of checks and balances, which is reflected in the thinker’s concept of the distribution of power. It is noted that in modern conditions of active modernization of political and legal processes, the study and generalization of experience in the field of public administration is of great importance. Considerable attention is paid to the characteristics of the evolution of political and legal views of the New Age, in particular, political and legal teachings in England. On the territory of England in the 17th century. absolutist theories justified the rule of the «Divine Rights of Kings», revived the ideology of royalism, which criticized the revolution in the name of the foundations of absolutism, referring to traditions and the old constitution of England, which the parliament wanted to abolish. In the course of these changes, the main role was played by the act of the English Parliament of 1689 on limiting the rights of the king, commonly known as the «Bill of Rights». The ideological justification of this act was the doctrine of the famous philosopher John Locke. The article describes certain positions of John Locke set forth in his landmark work «Two Treatises of Government» (1690), thanks to which he is considered the father of political liberalism. This work is divided into two parts, it is in the second part that the author reveals a number of important questions and judgments, starting with the image of the so-called «state of nature», where people are not obliged to obey each other, but everyone decides for himself what he requires law of nature John Locke also reveals his own system of views regarding the origin of the state, its role and significance in society. To study the contribution of John Locke to the political and legal sphere of England at the time and the world, in particular, modern political and legal science, one should stop at the study of part of the doctrine of John Locke, namely the foundations of the implementation of the system of checks and balances, which were laid by him in the concept of the concept of the separation of powers. This article also discusses the fact that the goal of the system of separation of branches of power, as a political and legal phenomenon, is the implementation of preventing the concentration of power in a certain state body by organizing and ensuring the operation of the system of checks and balances.

Artificial Intelligence's Use in the Diagnosis of Mouth Ulcers: A Systematic Review.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been cited as being helpful in the diagnosis of diseases, the prediction of prognoses, and the development of patient-specific therapeutic strategies. AI can help dentists, in particular, when they need to make important judgments quickly. It can eliminate human mistakes in making decisions, resulting in superior and consistent medical treatment while lowering the workload on dentists.The existing studies relevant to the study and application of AI in the diagnosis of various forms of mouth ulcers are reviewed in this work. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards were followed in the preparation of the review. There were no rule violations, with the significant exception of the use of a better search method that led to more accurate findings. Using search terms mainly such as AI, oral health, oral ulcers, oral herpes simplex, oral lichen planus, pemphigus vulgaris, recurrent aphthous ulcer (RAU), oral cancer, premalignant and malignant disorders, etc., a comprehensive search was carried out in the reliable sources of literature, namely PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Ovid, Global Health, and PsycINFO. For all papers, exhaustive searches were done using inclusion criteria as well as exclusion criteria between June 28, 2018, and June 28, 2023. An AI framework for the automatic categorization of oral ulcers from oral clinical photographs was developed by the authors, and it performed satisfactorily. The newly designed AI model works better than the current convolutional neural network image categorization techniques and shows a fair level of precision in the classification of oral ulcers. However, despite being useful for identifying oral ulcers, the suggested technique needs a broader set of data for validation and training purposes before being used in clinical settings. Automated OCSCC identification using a deep learning-based technique is a quick, harmless, affordable, and practical approach to evaluating the effectiveness of cancer treatment. The categorization and identification of RAU lesions through the use of non-intrusive oral pictures using the previously developed ResNet50 and YOLOV algorithms demonstrated better accuracy as well as adequate potential for the future, which could be helpful in clinical practice. Moreover, the most reliable projections for the likelihood of the presence or absence of RAU were made by the optimized neural network. The authors also discovered variables associated with RAU that might be used as input information to build artificial neural networks that anticipate RAU.

A review of 2021 and 2022 EU merger control

This article covers key developments in EU merger control in 2021 and 2022. These include the publication of the EC’s Guidance on the Article 22 EUMR referral mechanism and the developments in the Illumina/GRAIL case. There were also important CJEU judgments, including on competitive assessment of transactions by the EC as well as breaches of the standstill obligations by the merger parties. In 2021 and 2022, the EC adopted six Phase II conditional merger clearances, most of which were based on structural, rather than behavioural, remedies. The EC also prohibited two transactions, and a number of deals were abandoned in particular because of issues identified by the EC. Other main developments include the EC’s decision on Hungary’s violation of Article 21 EUMR as well the publication of the draft revised Market Definition Notice.

The Influence of Competition Rules on the Difficulty Groups of Aerobics

The competition rules are the directional indicators of competitive sports, which not only restrict the direction of sports technology, but also promote the development of sports events. Difficulty movements are an important component of aerobics, determining the level of athletes' competition results, and also one of the important judgments of judges. The selection and use of difficulty action groups for participating athletes should comply with the requirements of the rules. There are a total of four difficulty groups in aerobics. In competition statistics, Group C has the highest usage rate of nearly 50% among the four groups, while Group B has the least number of difficulty choices and a relatively single difficulty type. Considering the adjustment of one's own set of difficulty groups based on the opponent's strength, the athlete's performance system during the competition exhibits a three-dimensional, open, fluctuating, and multivariate complex control system.

Calibration Method of a Wideband AC Resistance Voltage Divider Based on an Equivalent Model.

Aiming at the problem of large measurement error and phase shift in resistance voltage dividers under high-frequency conditions in the field of power measurement, such as power harmonics, an error correction method is proposed for an alternating current (AC) resistance voltage divider based on the equivalence principle. Firstly, the frequency error model of the AC resistance voltage divider precision is established, and the angle difference of the continuous spectrum ratio difference from 50 Hz to 100 kHz is corrected by determining the shielding structure and the resistance parameters and fine-tuning the shielding potential correction method to reduce the capacities error of the AC resistance voltage divider design precision. At the same time, the performance parameters such as the direction and magnitude of the shielding potential compensation capacitive error are investigated. Finally, the precision voltage divider (the maximum voltage applied is 480 V) calibration experiments verify that the important characteristic judgment factor of the voltage divider is independent of the frequency and the equivalent capacitance value, which effectively solves the phase correction problem of harmonic power measurement.