Importance For Russia Research Articles

РЕФОРМА СОВЕТА БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ ООН: ПОЗИЦИЯ АФРИКАНСКИХ СТРАН

The article examines the history and current state of the process of discussing the UN reform by African countries, and analyzes the statements of African leaders on this issue. The essence and significance of the position of African countries in the context of the transformation of the system of international relations is revealed. An analysis of the positions of African countries on the issue of UN reform showed that despite the approval of the Ezulwini consensus in 2005, which implies the unity of positions of African states on the problem of reforming the UN, many leaders of African countries have expressed different opinions and approaches over the past decades. However, in 2022-2023, on the one hand, there is a significant increase in the number of statements at the level of leaders of countries and official representatives to the UN, and on the other hand, there are no contradictions in the essence of these statements, since all leaders talk about the need to provide seats for Africa, without declaring their ambitions. Within the framework of the article, an attempt was made to determine the prospects for meeting the requirements of African countries. The role and importance of Russia, China and the United States in this matter is indicated. The study showed that in 2022-2023 there is a sharp increase in the interest of African countries in the implementation of UN reform, which is also supported by Africa's serious successes in terms of economic development that have been observed in recent years.

РОЛЬ ТРАНСПОРТНОЙ ЛОГИСТИКИ В ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИИ МЕЖДУНАРОДНОЙ ТОРГОВЛИ СТРАН ЕАЭС

Currently, logistics plays an important role in the economy of any country; it is responsible for organizing the movement of material and other resources, and as a result has a strong impact on the economy. Of particular importance for Russia is the EAEU, which is a single customs territory, the purpose of which is to reduce non-tariff barriers and ensure the free movement of goods, services and capital between member countries. Trade relations of the EAEU include all types of transport that ensure Russia’s cargo turnover with other countries.

Arctic waters: port Sabetta development

Port Sabetta, located in the Russian Arctic along the Northern Sea Route, epitomizes the intersection of geopolitical interests, economic imperatives, and environmental challenges in the Arctic region. The article provides a comprehensive analysis of Port Sabetta's development, focusing on its environmental impact, socio-economic implications, and comparative analysis with other Arctic and non-Arctic ports. The geopolitical context and economic significance of Port Sabetta are explored, highlighting its strategic importance in Russia's Arctic strategy and global energy dynamics. An environmental impact assessment reveals the ecological risks associated with port construction, maritime operations, and industrial activities, emphasizing the need for proactive mitigation measures and regulatory oversight. The socio-economic implications of Port Sabetta's development are examined, including its effects on local communities, regional economies, and indigenous livelihoods. Case studies and comparative analysis of Arctic and non-Arctic ports provide insights into best practices and lessons learned for sustainable port development. The sustainable development of Port Sabetta requires a holistic approach that balances economic growth with environmental protection, social equity, and geopolitical stability.

Mnemonic diplomacy in Russian-Serbian relations: The limits of the possible

The Balkan region has traditionally been of particular importance for Russia, and currently Serbia remains one of the few European countries potentially exposed, due to ideological affinity, to the influence of Russia’s soft power. Memory policy is an important tool in creating and maintaining this affinity because it enables formulation of unifying historical narratives and shared vision of the key events in the common history, thereby providing underpinning for assessments of current developments and for creating an image of the desired future. However, it has its limits and boundaries, and this paper aims at assessing the strength of the Russian-Serbian mnemonic union. The research builds on the concept of ‘mnemonic diplomacy’, which refers to a set of techniques and methods for the affirmation, coordination and dissemination of certain historical narratives designed to support the state’s foreign policy activities. The author argues that the Russian-Serbian memory alliance is based primarily on common assessments of the events of World War II. The paper examines the key stages, internal and external drivers of this mnemonic union development, as well as identifies contradictions and conflicts inherent to this process. The author emphasizes that within the framework of the Russian-Serbian memory alliance both parties have always pursued their own goals. For instance, Serbia sought to use it to increase its weight in the Balkan and, more broadly, European politics, as well as to strengthen relations with its traditional geopolitical ally. For Russia, this mnemonic alliance acquired particular significance when the country’s leaders set a course for transforming the post-Cold War world order. However, it was exactly this new turn of Russia’s foreign policy whose most visible manifestation was the launch of the special military operation in Ukraine that dramatically complicated Serbia’s position, including that in the field of memory politics. At the same time it has revealed the limits of the Russian-Serbian mnemonic union. The author concludes that the effectiveness of mnemonic diplomacy and, more broadly, the very possibility of forming and maintaining mnemonic alliances, ultimately depend on a combination of objective factors, including close economic ties and mutual geopolitical interest. Pushed outside this comfort zone, complementary historical narratives built solely on the appeal to the common heritage quickly lose their power of attraction.

Russian-Iraqi relations in the field of energy

With President Vladimir Putin coming to power, Russia has emerged as an influential force in international politics, especially in its desire to end unipolarism and reduce US hegemony over the Middle East most notably, Iraq sought to consolidate relations with it because of its importance in Russia's strategy, Iraq has the fifth largest crude oil reserves in the world, and is considered one of Russia's most important producers and exporters. It is one of Russia's competitors in the oil market. The openness of the Iraq government was not particularly open to the United States, seeking to diversify its relations with influential powers in the arena, including Russia, with which it has a long history and still has its own political position in Iraq.

러시아의 쌍두독수리 상징: 문화의 혼종성에서 국가의 정체성으로

The nature of mankind dates back to ancient times. Among them, the bird has been one of the ancient totems of mankind as a being that connects gods and humans, heaven and earth. In particular, the eagle is used today as a crest symbolizing the history, tradition, and ideology of each country. The double-headed eagle of the Russian coat of arms was brought from the Byzantine and has undergone several transformations before settling into today’s form. The double-headed eagle of the coat of arms solidifies Russia’s identity as the successor of Byzantium and at the same time makes it clear its status as a great power.BR This paper aims to clarify the establishment and importance of Russia’s cultural and national identity by examining influx process of the double-headed eagle from Byzantium to Russia, the process of its transformation, and the process of meaning extension as a coat of arms according to the times. In studies so far, the Russian coat of arms has been treated only as a Byzantine succession on a superficia level, while the symbolic meaning of an eagle symbol in the universal culture of mankind, the process of reinterpretation as it is introduced into each culture, and its meaning as a legitimate child of Christian civilization and faith around the world has been overlooked. This paper examined that the double-headed eagle not only played an important role in establishing Russia’s identity, but also was a symbol of strong pride of the suzerain of Christianity. It reveals not only Russia’s national and cultural identity, but also acts as declaration which announce the legitimacy of Russia as a BRChristian country and the central axis of the world, connected with the theory of BR“Moscow as the third Rome”.

Геополитическая обусловленность воздействия «фактора моря» на пространственное развитие постсоветской России: балтийская специфика

The article explores the impact of geopolitical processes on the spatial organisation of society, a matter that has gained increasing importance in Russia. It focuses on the utilization of the World Ocean and its coastlines for resource extraction, logistics, military-strategic purposes, and settlement. Methodologically, this study combines modern socio-geographical approaches emphasising the role of the maritime factor in spatial development with classical geopolitical ideologemes drawing a line between the land and the sea. It stresses the fundamental possibility for territories, including states, not only to acquire synthetic continental-maritime attributes but also to transform the balance of these attributes under the influence of geopolitical determinants. The article analyses geopolitically induced changes in the maritime activities pursued by Russia in the post-Soviet period. The primary focus is on the situational territorial and economic shifts of 2014 and 2022, and their implications for Russian territories in the Baltic region. Pronounced inter-basin differences are described with respect to the coastalisation of the population. The study also evaluates the economic condition of key Russian maritime centres and their resilience to external influences, especially geopolitical challenges. The article offers a geopolitical justification for Russia’s ongoing maritime endeavours, emphasizing the need for inter-basin, intermunicipal, and interregional integration. This integration should be accompanied by the establishment of coastal-intracontinental facilities, such as hubs, across Russia. It is imperative for the nation and its prominent corporations to actively engage in shaping the framework of emerging expansive international maritime socio-geographical structures, facilitating the shift toward global maritime polycentrism. The solution to these problems is closely linked to the priority goal of strengthening Russia’s geostrategic standing in the Baltic region, particularly with a focus on its maritime components. These developments are anticipated within the context of the Russian Baltic Area, envisioned as a borderland with trans-basin geopolitical, economic-geographical, and geocultural bi-structural asymmetry.

ВЕКТОРЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ВНЕШНЕЙ ТОРГОВЛИ РОССИИ В УСЛОВИЯХ САНКЦИЙ

The purpose of this study is to assess the development of Russia's foreign trade after the sanctions imposed. It has been found that the results of foreign economic activity in 2022 was an unprecedentedly high current account value of the balance of payments. Such aggregates as exports, imports, balance of goods and services had a key impact on this. It is revealed that the importance of the EU trade partnership for Russia has decreased, while the value of goods supplied to the EU has increased. The analysis reveals that the increase in the value of exports was influenced by two factors: a decline in the volume of shipments and an increase in the prices of major imported commodity groups. As trade relations with the EU countries are rapidly losing their importance for Russia, it started developing alternative ways of exchanging goods with other countries of the world.

A THE RUSSIA-UKRAINE CONFLICT AND ITS IMPACT ON CONTEMPORARY GLOBAL SECURITY

This study is concerned with analysing the Russia-Ukraine conflict and its impact on contemporary global security. Anchored on the theory of Offensive Realism in the explanation of the phenomenon under study, the qualitative descriptive-historical technique was adopted which relied on secondary sources of data and content analysis. Findings from the study revealed that the history of the Russia-Ukraine conflict dates back to the Kievan Rus from which both nations emerged, conquest, domination by Russia and Ukrainian independence pre and post-soviet Ukraine; a majority of foreign powers and international organizations such as the United Nations, European Union, condemned the Russian invasion of Ukraine, imposed economic sanctions, and provided overt and covert military and humanitarian support to Ukraine. It was further revealed that apart from increased refugees epidemic and IDPs, given the importance of Russia and Ukraine in gas, steel and grains supply in the world economy, the war has created a shortage of these important goods thereby heightening global inflation, economic recessing, protests and social upheavals, arms proliferation capable of raising insurrection and further insecurity across countries. The study recommended that parties to the conflict should seek political rather than military solutions to end the war quickly so that the sanctions which have been detrimental to the global economy and security would be eased

Sekuritizacija u izbornom kontekstu - rat u Ukrajini i izborna kampanja u Srbiji 2022. godine

The Ukrainian war, which began on February 24 2022, with the entry of Russian troops into the territory of the aforementioned country, represents the first war between two sovereign states on the European continent in the 21st century. This conflict caused dramatic disruptions in many aspects. In addition to reopening the issue of military security on European soil, Russia's position as one of the key exporters in the energy market, as well as the importance of Russia and Ukraine in the food market, this war has led to additional crises at the international level which required strategic adjustments by other European countries, including Serbia. The war in Ukraine coincided with the election campaign for the presidential and parliamentary elections in Serbia, which took place on April 3, 2022. The paper starts from the research question of how electoral actors in the 2022 election campaign in Serbia securitized the war in Ukraine. Securitization of a certain issue implies its displacement from the political to the security sphere. Securitization is performed by securitizing actors with a specific speech act directed towards a specific audience. The goal of securitization is to gain support for the introduction of special measures that would adequately respond to the securitized issue. The authors introduce a special category of securitization in elections, more specifically during elections campaign, which represents a special political context that shapes the process of securitization through several factors. Using this framework, the authors hypothesize that in the election campaign in Serbia there were three approaches of electoral actors towards the securitization of the war in Ukraine, which were formed on the basis of their political positioning and ideology.

Исторический аспект проблемы одаренности педагогов

The article analyzes the problem of gifted teachers, its genesis and the process of formation in the context of historical and pedagogical works. The historical prerequisites for the emergence of concepts: intellectual abilities, giftedness of teachers are highlighted. The analysis of the works of famous philosophers, historians and teachers revealed that the activity of gifted teachers is associated with their innovative approach to the organization of the learning and upbringing process. In the current crisis situation in the world, a significant place should be given to education and upbringing of young people. Only gifted educators capable of proposing new approaches and means of education and forming a new worldview can effectively solve these issues. Such a personality quality as “giftedness” acquires great importance in Russia and abroad. The personal characteristic of giftedness fully applies not only to students, but to a greater extent to university teachers. The intellectual resource of specialists becomes a decisive factor in the conditions of global competition between countries. The problem of identifying and training gifted teachers and students has acquired not only personal and significant, but also social dimension in our society. The article presents famous gifted teachers of Saratov Universities.

The military-political situation in Central Asia in the context of the growing instability in Afghanistan

The Central Asian region due to its economic potential and strategic signifi -cance has traditionally been of particular importance for Russia’s foreign policy. It was therefore not surprising that a serious deterioration of the political situation in Afghanistan in summer-autumn 2021 caused by the military defeat and the subsequent collapse of the pro-Western regime followed by the seizure of power by the Taliban raised serious concern of the Russian leadership. The developments in Afghanistan have attracted an increasing attention of the expert community, prompting a fl urry of comments and forecasts. Although many of these papers were published hastily, their assessments and conclusion were usually based on the long-term observations. This paper attempts to provide an overview of the military-political situation in the Central Asian region as it was caught by a new crisis in Afghanistan and as it is seen by both Russian and foreign experts. The fi rst section outlines positions and interests of the key regional and non-regional actors that have a signifi cant impact on the military-political situation in Central Asia. The second section examines the response of the Russian Federation to the situation in Afghanistan after the Taliban took power. Finally, the third section provides an overview of the latest expert comments and reports that attempt to assess possible implications of those events for the regional military-political dynamics and the national security interests of the Russian Federation.

Современные проблемы биобезопасности и перспективы международного сотрудничества

Biological safety is one of the most important components of the overall security system of both individual states and the entire world community. Today it has become quite obvious that the problems of biosafety are more urgent than ever and require the maximum attention of the world community. Against the background of the emergence and spread of diseases caused, as a rule, by dangerous and especially dangerous microorganisms, a number of problems arise in the world not only in the field of health care, but also of a political, social and economic nature. A striking example of this is the COVID 19 coronavirus pandemic that has continued since the end of 2019. The issues related to biosafety in the agricultural sector and ecology are considered. It is obvious that constant monitoring and analysis of a wide range of biosafety problems, early development of measures to minimize the threats of exposure to already known dangerous pathogens not only on human health, but also on the environment, agricultural and food sectors are necessary. The issues related to the development of new research directions that can lead to the creation of biological systems with specified properties and functions that have no analogues in nature are discussed. In research aimed at the development of new biological technologies, to one degree or another related to the production of biological warfare, the primary and mandatory requirement is to ensure the safety of all personnel involved in these works and the availability of well-trained qualified scientists, as well as certified laboratory facilities in which these works are carried out. It is important to constantly pursue the purposeful development of multilateral international cooperation in the field of biosafety, and make creative decisions to ensure it on the territory of the Russian Federation. The importance of Russia’s active international participation in solving existing and potential biological threats within the framework of the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BTWC) and the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) is noted.

The modern phase of the polysilicon market

The current condition and outlooks of the world semiconductor and polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) markets have been analyzed. A long period of low PS prices which hindered the growth of investments into the industry has now changed for price recovery to an investment attractive level. Demand and offer balance for the period until 2024 and for the long term has been analyzed, and the main currently used PS processes have been reviewed. The current poly-Si market proficiency is expected to remain in the near and medium terms. However the “green turn” of the energy industry announced by all the governments, the development of local markets and the price recovery to an investment attractive level have promoted the development of new PS fab projects. Of special importance for Russia is the choice of Siemens trichlorosilane process parameters. A specific feature of the Russian market is the presence of several very important fields (solar energy, microelectronics, high-power electronics, photonics and fiber optics) which are small by international standards and equally face raw material shortage. It appears that Russia will greatly benefit from integral projects delivering solutions of multiple raw materials supply problems.

The modern phase of the polysilicon market

The current condition and outlooks of the world semiconductor and polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) markets have been analyzed. A long period of low PS prices which hindered the growth of investments into the industry has now changed for price recovery to an investment attractive level. Demand and offer balance for the period until 2024 and for the long term has been analyzed, and the main currently used PS processes have been reviewed. The current poly-Si market proficiency is expected to remain in the near and medium terms. However the “green turn” of the energy industry announced by all the governments, the development of local markets and the price recovery to an investment attractive level have promoted the development of new PS fab projects. Of special importance for Russia is the choice of Siemens trichlorosilane process parameters. A specific feature of the Russian market is the presence of several very important fields (solar energy, microelectronics, high-power electronics, photonics and fiber optics) which are small by international standards and equally face raw material shortage. It appears that Russia will greatly benefit from integral projects delivering solutions of multiple raw materials supply problems.

The Nystadt Peace and its Role in the Formation of Russian Statehood from 1721 to 1917

The article is devoted to studying the role and significance of the Nystadt Peace as a historical document reflecting the strengthening and importance of Russia in the world arena. The article studies the document's text using modern methods of political science research: content analysis, cognitive mapping, phonosemantic analysis. It shows that the Treaty of Nystad reflects the features of the formation of the internal political system of Russia, witnessed in the use of anthroponyms. It also reflects the features of the historical development of Russia: its gradual transformation into an empire, the absence of a banking system, merchants as an estate, a merchant fleet. The analysis of the document allows us to conclude that the agreement regulates interactions not only between Russia and Sweden but contains references to other European countries. It speaks of Russia's strengthening role in the international arena, not so much in the military but also in diplomatic terms. It is reflected in the ways the agreement is verbalized.The results of the phonosemantic analysis show a positive perception of the toponymy of geographic entities annexed to Russia under the terms of the Nystadt Peace. At the same time, the perception of Sweden and everything Swedish is characterized by negativism. Nystadt peace was vital for the development of Russia, its transformation into an empire, into an influential military force, for the modernization of the domestic governance system, the creation of new social institutions and practices, and the strengthening of domestic diplomacy.

Mediatization of Russian Companies in the Framework of Corporate Citizenship

The paper emphasis is made on corporate mediatization process conceptuali-zation, which role is of high importance in Russia, because it influences sociopolitical situation on a legal basis, creates a form of business corporations citizenship. The concept reveals a changing role of corporation in sociopolitical relations: due to encompassing corporate communication technologies it becomes necessary to meet communities expectations, sociopolitical, socioeconomic, ecological issues. Thus, sociopolitical sphere mediatization in the context of complicating media discourse forms the situation when the modern business organization should become a corporate citizen giving a boost to societal development, well-being, confidence-building.

The Caspian Region in the Conditions of New Geopolitical Challenges and New Tasks of Public Administration

The article is devoted geopolitical features of the Caspian region and the factors that determine its importance for Russia. The author analyzes in detail the risks of a change in the situation in the Caspian in the face of geopolitical challenges, including the war and the end of the conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh, changes in Turkey's foreign policy and EU sanctions against Turkey. The article also touches on the issue of a possible change in the cooperation ties of the Caspian states in connection with the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic for the image of the China in the international arena.

Modern Vectors of Russian Diplomacy in the Post-Soviet Space

The countries of the post-Soviet space are of particular importance for Russia’s geopolitical interests. This primarily concerns the political and economic processes taking place in them. Moreover, of great importance are the approaches of the post-Soviet countries to cooperation with Russia and integration processes in the post-Soviet space. In view of significant negative trends in the international arena, the consolidation of the post-Soviet space is acquiring paramount significance. Numerous challenges and complexity of the tasks that Russia is facing in the present region underscore the need for a balanced, pragmatic and forward-looking approach in bilateral and multilateral relations with the states. The focus of Russian diplomacy is still on Ukraine, the countries of the South Caucasus and Central Asia, Moldova and Belarus. These countries are the priority partners of Russia, the priority of its foreign policy.

Ideology Restart: Liberal Project and Pandemic. Lessons of 2020

The present article is an abridged version of the paper of the “Russian Idea” site editors staff devoted to the ideological transformation in the Western countries and Russia in 2020, – the year of COVID pandemic and dramatic elections in the USA. The paper was drawn before the results of the elections were made public, but still it contains the correct forecast of the electoral victory of the liberal establishment representative. The authors also made the hypothesis confirmed by further course of events, that the winner of the ideological contest of 2020 would be the ideology described by the authors as the “new Atlantism”, – the doctrine about the Atlantic coalition interests priority over the national interests of the countries composing the coalition. The paper also forecasts the defeat of populism and Trumpism: in fact, having initiated the new cold war against China the supporters of those trends in the USA will surrender the initiative to their ideological opponents who are much more experienced in leading cold wars. On the basis of these conclusions the authors make the assumption of which new ideologies opposing the liberal establishment would be adopted by the conservative-minded intellectuals, and which conservative strategies could be of current importance for Russia as well.