Important Factor Research Articles

Predictors of Fertility Desire During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross Sectional Study

Background: Fertility, the most important factor in population growth, is affected by various factors, including pandemics. COVID-19 (CV) was a global challenge that spread rapidly around the world. Objective: This study aimed to investigate predictors of fertility desire during the covid virus pandemic. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 315 women who visited health centers in northern Iran for vaccination against covid virus were recruited using convenient sampling. The participants completed the sociodemographic information, Fertility Desire Scale, and Fear of covid virus scale. Logistic regression analysis was employed to assess the predictive factors of fertility desire. Results: The participants' mean age and marriage duration were 34.4 ± 6.7, and 7.3±11.5 years, respectively. It showed fertility desire among household women was about twofold more compared to employed ones [Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.96, p = 0.009)]. The fertility desire was decreased among more educated women (OR = 0.43, p= 0.035), women with one child (OR = 0.44, p= 0.030), and women with no infant gender preferences (OR = 0.53, p= 0.032). Fear of covid virus and any history of covid virus infection in the participants or their close relatives did not change fertility desire (P > 0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, health policymakers should pay more attention to the potential effects of women's employment, their educational status, and their attitude toward infant gender preferences on fertility desire during the development of programs. Further research is needed to examine this empirical association on a global scale and its effect on trying to conceive.

Prevalence and Related Factors of Dizziness Among Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study in Ardakan City, Iran.

Dizziness and balance disorders are directly related to aging in humans- Dizziness is one of the most important factors causing the burden of disability after the age of 65. Bearing in mind the increase in the elderly population in Iran and the world and the prevalence of dizziness in old age, early diagnosis of dizziness and determination of the factors affecting its severity facilitate its treatment and are effective in preventing its adverse consequences. To determine the prevalence of dizziness and its related factors among older adults in Ardakan city, Yazd province, Iran, in 2022. This cross-sectional study was conducted in four comprehensive health centers of Ardakan city with the participation of 260 elderly people aged ≥60 years, who were randomly included in the study. Data were collected using a series of questionnaires which were completed by interviewing the participants. The variables of this study included demographic information, information related to the dizziness status, diseases, medications, use of mobility aids, physical activity level, fear of falling, quality of life and depression. The prevalence of dizziness among older adults of Ardakan city was 48.5%. In terms of the severity of dizziness, 38.8% had substantial dizziness, and 9.6% had mild dizziness. Dizziness was significantly related to physical activity (p<0.05), fear of falling (p <0.01), depression (p <0.05), history of falling (p <0.01), use of mobility aids (p <0.01), age (p<0.01), education level (p<0.01), gender (p <0.05) and diseases such as high blood pressure (p<0.05), hypothyroidism (p <0.01) and ear diseases(p <0.01). Also, elderly people with dizziness used significantly more medications such as sedatives (p<0.01), antihypertensive drugs (p <0.05) and cytotoxic drugs (p <0.01). About half of the older adults experience dizziness, and this problem is associated with depression, fear of falling, history of falling, low physical activity, age, female gender, ear diseases, high blood pressure, and hypothyroidism. In addition, the use of medications such as anti- hypertensives, sedatives and cytotoxic drugs is related to dizziness. Families with elderly people, doctors and healthcare workers need to be educated and pay more attention to the above.

Potential Correlation between Gene Mutations and Metabolic Changes in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Abstract: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a common type of leukemia. However, the understanding of AML remains insufficient. The pathological progression of AML is closely related to chromosome abnormalities and genetic mutations. Gene mutation is an important factor in the pathogenesis of AML and a potential cause of drug resistance. Recent studies have shown that gene mutations in AML can cause metabolic changes. Metabolites, as downstream products of human physiological activities, can amplify physiological and disease-related signals. Therefore, the analysis of metabolite markers related to gene mutations can be used for early prediction of the occurrence of the disease. This review describes the types and significance of AML gene mutations and analyzes the characteristics of metabolic changes related to gene mutations.

Non-oxidative modified low-density lipoproteins: The underappreciated risk factors for atherosclerosis.

Atherosclerosis, the pathological basis of most cardiovascular diseases, is a main risk factor causing about 20 million deaths each year worldwide. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein is recognized as the most important and independent risk factor in initiating and promoting atherosclerosis. Numerous antioxidants are extensively used in clinical practice, but they have no significant effect on reducing the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases. This finding suggests that researchers should pay more attention to the important role of non-oxidative modified low-density lipoprotein in atherosclerosis with a focus on oxidized low-density lipoprotein. This review briefly summarizes several important non-oxidative modified low-density lipoproteins associated with atherosclerosis, introduces the pathways through which these non-oxidative modified low-density lipoproteins induce the development of atherosclerosis in vivo, and discusses the mechanism of atherogenesis induced by these non-oxidative modified low-density lipoproteins. New therapeutic strategies and potential drug targets are provided for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.

The transcriptional response of cortical neurons to concussion reveals divergent fates after injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a risk factor for neurodegeneration, however little is known about how different neuron types respond to this kind of injury. In this study, we follow neuronal populations over several months after a single mild TBI (mTBI) to assess long ranging consequences of injury at the level of single, transcriptionally defined neuronal classes. We find that the stress responsive Activating Transcription Factor 3 (ATF3) defines a population of cortical neurons after mTBI. We show that neurons that activate ATF3 upregulate stress-related genes while repressing many genes, including commonly used markers for these cell types. Using an inducible reporter linked to ATF3, we genetically mark damaged cells to track them over time. Notably, we find that a population in layer V undergoes cell death acutely after injury, while another in layer II/III survives long term and retains the ability to fire action potentials. To investigate the mechanism controlling layer V neuron death, we genetically silenced candidate stress response pathways. We found that the axon injury responsive kinase MAP3K12, also known as dual leucine zipper kinase (DLK), is required for the layer V neuron death. This work provides a rationale for targeting the DLK signaling pathway as a therapeutic intervention for traumatic brain injury. Beyond this, our novel approach to track neurons after a mild, subclinical injury can inform our understanding of neuronal susceptibility to repeated impacts.

Gender Differences in the Predictive Value of Obesity Indices for Insulin Resistance in Adult Mexican Individuals.

Obesity-linked insulin resistance (IR) is an important risk factor for metabolic diseases, and anthropometric indices are commonly used for risk assessment. The study aimed to assess possible differences between women and men in the predictive value and association of nine obesity indices with IR, as assessed by HOMA-IR, in a nondiabetic adult population. The cross-sectional study included individuals recruited from a hospital in Mexico City. Indices evaluated were waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio, visceral adiposity index, body adiposity index (BAI), relative fat mass (RFM), and conicity index (CI). Fasting plasma glucose and insulin were measured to calculate HOMA-IR. Correlation analysis was performed between obesity indices and HOMA-IR. Receiver operating characteristics curve analyses were performed to determine predictive accuracy and cut-off values of obesity indices for IR. A binary logistic regression (BLR) analysis with OR calculation was performed to determine the strength of association with HOMA-IR. We included 378 individuals (59% females, mean age 46.38 ±12.25 years). The highest Pearson coefficient value was observed for BMI among women, while among men, the highest values were found for BMI and BAI. WC among women, and BAI and RFM among men showed the highest sensitivity, while the highest specificity was observed for WHR among women and WC among men with respect to insulin prediction. In the adjusted BLR model, BMI, WC, and WHR among women and WC and RFM and BAI among men were independently associated with IR, showing the highest odds ratio (OR). In Mexican adults, WC, WHR, RFM and BAI could be complementary tools for BMI in screening for IR.

Synthesis and Development of a Nonaflate Ester in the Large-Scale Preparation of 3-Deoxymorphine

Abstract: A series of novel activated esters of morphine were synthesized as alternatives to the triflate ester and submitted to hydrogenolysis conditions. Of these, only the novel nonaflate ester could be transformed with full conversion into the useful intermediate, 3-deoxymorphine, which was isolated in good yield and high purity without chromatography. This conversion proceeded significantly faster than for the triflate ester and with synthesis of the intermediate nonaflate at much reduced cost, an important factor for the large-scale preparation of 3-deoxymorphine in drug development projects.

The Prevalence of Tobacco Product Use Among Students in the Faculty of Medicine at Pamukkale University and Their Views on the Smoke-Free Campus Implementation.

Tobacco use is an important risk factor for more than 20 types of cancer, especially cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, and many other health problems. Cigarettes are one of the most commonly used tobacco products in the world, and they can cause both physical and mental addiction. Adolescence is known to be the highest-risk period in terms of addiction among all age groups. As a result, smoke-free campus practices have become even more important in universities. This study investigates the prevalence of smoking among Pamukkale Medical School students and their views and behaviors regarding smoke-free campus practices. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 548 medical students at Pamukkale Universıty Faculty of Medicine during the academic year 2021-2022, between April 1-29, 2022. A face-to-face interview was conducted. Students' smoking status and their views about a smoke-free campus were assessed. In the questionnaire, the independent variables were socio-demographic characteristics, duration of staying in a smoke-free environment, smoking status in the place of residence, areas where smoking is most common, Fagerström nicotine dependence level, knowledge about smoke-free campus applications and campuses with the smokefree application. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 21.0 package program was used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics are presented with numbers and percentages for categorical variables, while the arithmetic mean and standard deviation are used for continuous variables. The chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables,and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov analysis was used to test the compatibility of data to normal distribution. The student smoking rate increased significantly as the number of semesters increased (P = .021). The smoking rate of male students was higher than that of female students (P = .001). The smoking rate of students living with their family or relatives was lower (P = .020). Smokers (14.7%) were more likely to have heard about the introduction of smoke-free zones on campus than nonsmokers (11%) (P = .280). 81.4% of students affirmed the statement, "The number of smoke-free rooms should be increased," and 84.3% responded, "I support the existence of smoke-free spaces." Nonsmoking students (90.8%) are more likely to agree that smoke-free spaces should be increased than those who smoke (57.7%) (P < .001). Among the students, 17.6% of nonsmokers and 37.8% of smokers find the information about smoke-free spaces sufficient (P < .001). The rate of those who consider smoke-free space inspections to be sufficient is lower for nonsmoking students than for nonsmokers (P = .017). Nonsmokers (89.5%) support the existence of smoke-free spaces to a higher degree than smokers (71.2%) (P < .001). One-third of Pamukkale University Faculty of Medicine students smoke, and smoking rates are higher among men and those who do not live with family or relatives. All participants strongly support the existence of smoke-free zones (84.3%), while a proportion of tobacco users (31.4%) support the implementation of a smoke-free campus. Student opinions of the smoke-free zones and the smoke-free campus application are more positive among nonsmokers than smokers.

EDUCATION FOR MENTALLY RETARDED CHILDREN IN A FAMILY WITH AN ISLAMIC EDUCATION PERSPECTIVE

Mental retardation is a condition of children whose intelligence is far below the average and is characterized by limited intelligence and incompetence in social communication. Islam views children with mental retardation as entities that must be considered for several strong reasons. The most basic is in the name of humanity. One fact that cannot be forgotten is that they are both creatures of God who must be respected. Moreover, the mentally retarded child is also a human being glorified by God. Mentally retarded children also have the same degree and social status as normal children, so in Islamic education, there should be no inequality in obtaining the right to education. This study aims to determine that the family is the most important factor in the education of mentally retarded children. This research is naturalistic qualitative. Documentation, observation, and interviews are the methods used to collect data. The data analysis uses data reduction, data presentation, and verification. The results of this study indicate that the family becomes a model and habituation of good behavior in everyday life as a positive strategy for the education of mentally retarded children, The family also applies several pillars, one of which is the aspect of faith, the aspect of worship and the moral aspect as the basis for educating their children.

Asymmetric Dimethylarginine (ADMA) in Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiac Ischemia/reperfusion Injury, and Ischemic Non-obstructive Coronary Artery Disease: Biochemical and Pharmacological Implications

: Several studies have shown that high plasma concentrations of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), a known endogenous competitive inhibitor of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), correlate with the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD), with worsening of cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and coronary atherosclerosis. It is believed that it may be an important risk factor for myocardial infarction. ADMA, when in high concentrations, can determine a significant decrease in the synthesis and bioavailability of NO (Nitric oxide) and therefore alter the mechanisms of regulation of coronary vasodilation and vasomotor function of epicardial coronary arteries. Higher serum ADMA concentration is associated with worsening of post-ischemic remodeling since coronary angiogenesis, vasculogenesis, and collateral coronary growth are seriously impaired. In addition, there are reasons to believe that elevated plasma ADMA levels are related to the development of diseases affecting coronary microcirculation, such as ischemic non-obstructive coronary artery disease (INOCA). With the aim of providing the pharmacologist engaged in the design and discovery of new ADMA-lowering drugs with a complete examination of the subject, in this review, we discuss the most important studies related to the correlations between serum ADMA levels and cardiovascular diseases mentioned above. In addition, we critically discuss the main aspects of enzymology, synthesis, and metabolism of ADMA as a prerequisite for understanding the molecular mechanisms through which high concentrations of ADMA could contribute to promoting cardiovascular diseases. ADMA represents a new target for pharmacological modulation of cardiovascular endothelial function and therefore, there is a possibility of using selective pharmacological ADMA lowering drugs in cardiovascular disease with endothelial dysfunction and high plasma ADMA levels.

Clinical and subclinical microemboli following neuroangiography in children

BackgroundTo assess the frequency, imaging appearances, and risk factors of brain microemboli following pediatric neuroangiography, as assessed by early diffusion-weighted MRI imaging (DWI).MethodsThis single-center, retrospective analysis investigated early DWI post-pediatric...

Reduced prosocial motivation and effort in adolescents with conduct problems and callous-unemotional traits.

Prosocial behaviours - acts that benefit others - are of crucial importance for many species including humans. However, adolescents with conduct problems (CP), unlike their typically developing (TD) peers, demonstrate markedly reduced engagement in prosocial behaviours. This pattern is particularly pronounced in adolescents with CP and high levels of callous-unemotional traits (CP/HCU) who are at increased risk of developing psychopathy in adulthood. While a substantial amount of research has investigated the cognitive-affective mechanisms thought to underlie antisocial behaviour, much less is known about the mechanisms that could explain reduced prosocial behaviours in adolescents with CP. Here we examined the willingness to exert effort to benefit oneself (self) and another person (other, prosocial condition) in children with CP/HCU, CP and lower levels of CU traits (CP/LCU) and their TD peers. The task captured both prosocial choices, and actual effort exerted following prosocial choices, in adolescent boys aged 11-16 (27 CP/HCU; 34 CP/LCU; 33 TD). We used computational modelling to reveal the mechanistic processes involved when choosing prosocial acts. We found that both CP/HCU and CP/LCU groups were more averse to initiating effortful prosocial acts than TD adolescents - both at a cognitive and at a behavioural level. Strikingly, even if they chose to initiate a prosocial act, the CP/HCU group exerted less effort following this prosocial choice than other groups. Our findings indicate that reduced exertion of effort to benefit others may be an important factor that differentiates adolescents with CP/HCU from their peers with CP/LCU. They offer new insights into what might drive low prosocial behaviour in adolescents with CP, including vulnerabilities that may particularly characterise those with high levels of CU traits.

Synthesis of New Glucose-containing 5-Arylisoxazoles and their Enzyme Inhibitory Activity

Abstract: Carbohydrates are an important group of biomolecules that have received special attention due to their significant role in the design and synthesis of new bioactive compounds. In this study, a new class of 5-arylisoxazole-glucose hybrids was designed and synthesized for evaluation of their inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and tyrosinase. The target compounds depicted selective α-glucosidase inhibitory activity over α-amylase, which is an important factor in reducing probable gastrointestinal problems in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. In this respect, compound 9a, possessing the phenylisoxazole group, was found to be the most potent α-glucosidase inhibitor (IC50 = 292.2 ± 0.1 μM) compared to acarbose (IC50 = 750.2 ± 0.1 μM) as the positive control. All compounds were also evaluated for their anti-tyrosinase effect, and among them, compound 9j, containing a fluoroaryl moiety, showed potent activity (IC50 = 50.1 ± 6.3 μM) in comparison to kojic acid (IC50 = 23.6 ± 2.6 μM). Also, docking studies were performed to investigate the probable mode of action, which indicated the construction of important H-bonding interactions between the sugar moiety and the enzyme’s active sites. According to the results, hybrids containing heterocycles attached to glucose can be used to inhibit α-glucosidase.

Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease in Children and Adolescents: Mechanisms of a Silent Epidemic and Therapeutic Options.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now identified as a hepatic sign of metabolic syndrome and is the most frequent cause of chronic liver disease in all ages. It is assumed that a genetic predisposition associated with epigenetic factors participates in the evolution of this condition. Visceral obesity and insulin resistance (IR) have always been considered the most important causative factors of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and NAFLD, but currently, the interaction between genetic heritage and environmental factors is increasingly considered fundamental in the genesis of metabolic disorders associated with NAFLD. In fact, in patients with NAFLD, insulin resistance, arterial hypertension, abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia and reduced intestinal permeability have often been found, as well as a higher prevalence of coronary artery disease, obstructive sleep apnea, polycystic ovary syndrome and osteopenia, which define a MetS framework. Early diagnosis is needed to prevent disease progression through primarily lifestyle interventions. Unfortunately, at present, there are no molecules recommended for pediatric patients. However, several new drugs are in clinical trials. For this reason, targeted studies on the interaction between genetics and environmental factors involved in the development of NAFLD and MetS and on the pathogenetic mechanisms that determine the evolution in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), should be implemented. Therefore, it is desirable that future studies may be useful in identifying patients at risk of developing NAFLD and MetS early.

Judgment Prediction Based on Tensor Decomposition With Optimized Neural Networks.

In the field of smart justice, handling legal cases through artificial intelligence technology is a research hotspot. Traditional judgment prediction methods are mainly based on feature models and classification algorithms. The former is difficult to describe cases from multiple angles and capture the correlation information between different case modules, while requires a wealth of legal expertise and manual labeling. The latter is unable to accurately extract the most useful information from case documents and produce fine-grained predictions. This article proposes a judgment prediction method based on tensor decomposition with optimized neural networks, which consists of OTenr, GTend, and RnEla. OTenr represents cases as normalized tensors. GTend decomposes normalized tensors into core tensors using the guidance tensor. RnEla intervenes in a case modeling process in GTend by optimizing the guidance tensor, so that core tensors represent tensor structural and elemental information, which is most conducive to improving the accuracy of judgment prediction. RnEla consists of the similarity correlation Bi-LSTM and optimized Elastic-Net regression. RnEla takes the similarity between cases as an important factor for judgment prediction. Experimental results on real legal case dataset show that the accuracy of our method is higher than that of the previous judgment prediction methods.

Children With Cardiac Disease and Heat Exposure: Catastrophic Converging Consequences?

To highlight the worrying paucity of investigative research aimed at differentiating how higher ambient temperatures further tax an already compromised cardiovascular system in children. This commentary describes basic thermoregulatory concepts relevant to the healthy pediatric population and summarizes common heart diseases observed in this population. We describe how heat stress and exercise are important factors clinicians should more readily consider when treating children with heart disease. Countermeasures to physical inactivity are suggested for children, parents, clinicians, and policymakers to consider. As sudden, excessive heat exposures continue to impact our rapidly warming world, vulnerable populations like children with underlying heart conditions are at greater heat health risk, especially when coupled with the negative physical activity and fitness trends observed worldwide.

Trustworthy Recommender Systems

Recommender systems (RSs) aim at helping users to effectively retrieve items of their interests from a large catalogue. For a quite long time, researchers and practitioners have been focusing on developing accurate RSs. Recent years have witnessed an increasing number of threats to RSs, coming from attacks, system and user generated noise, and various types of biases. As a result, it has become clear that the focus on RS accuracy is too narrow, and the research must consider other important factors, particularly trustworthiness. A trustworthy recommender system (TRS) should not only be accurate but also transparent, unbiased, fair, and robust to noise and attacks. These observations actually led to a paradigm shift of the research on RSs: from accuracy-oriented RSs to TRSs. However, there is a lack of a systematic overview and discussion of the literature in this novel and fast-developing field of TRSs. To this end, in this article, we provide an overview of TRSs, including a discussion of the motivation and basic concepts of TRSs, a presentation of the challenges in building TRSs, and a perspective on the future directions in this area. We also provide a novel conceptual framework to support the construction of TRSs.

A Large-Scale Hydroponic Evaluation of Rice Mutants for Pythium Resistance.

Rice is a major staple crop worldwide. However, the occurrence of rice diseases during cultivation poses a significant challenge to achieving optimal yields. Among the major pathogens, Pythium species, which cause seedling blight, are of particular concern. Pythium infects rice roots through zoospores, mycelia, or oospores, leading to root rot, stunting, yellowing, and ultimately seedling damping-off. While many disease resistance-related genes have been reported in rice, only very limited research has been associated with resistance to Pythium infection. In this study, we aimed to establish a rapid screening system to identify rice lines that are resistant or susceptible to the Pythium pathogen in rice nurseries. We conducted evaluations on important factors, including virulence, inoculation method, seed-soaking period, and the measurement of disease severity. As a result, we successfully developed a screening system that allows for high-throughput and rapid screening of the Taiwan Rice Insertional Mutant (TRIM) library for mutant lines exhibiting resistance to P. arrhenomanes. Furthermore, we identified a slightly resistant TRIM line and explored potential genes encoding endoglucanase-1 precursor and malonyl-CoA decarboxylase that may be involved in conferring resistance to P. arrhenomanes.

Effectiveness of ELMo embeddings, and semantic models in predicting review helpfulness

Online product reviews (OPR) are a commonly used medium for consumers to communicate their experiences with products during online shopping. Previous studies have investigated the helpfulness of OPRs using frequency-based, linguistic, meta-data, readability, and reviewer attributes. In this study, we explored the impact of robust contextual word embeddings, topic, and language models in predicting the helpfulness of OPRs. In addition, the wrapper-based feature selection technique is employed to select effective subsets from each type of features. Five feature generation techniques including word2vec, FastText, Global Vectors for Word Representation (GloVe), Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), and Embeddings from Language Models (ELMo), were employed. The proposed framework is evaluated on two Amazon datasets (Video games and Health &amp; personal care). The results showed that the ELMo model outperformed the six standard baselines, including the fine-tuned Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) model. In addition, ELMo achieved Mean Square Error (MSE) of 0.0887 and 0.0786 respectively on two datasets and MSE of 0.0791 and 0.0708 with the wrapper method. This results in the reduction of 1.43% and 1.63% in MSE as compared to the fine-tuned BERT model on respective datasets. However, the LDA model has a comparable performance with the fine-tuned BERT model but outperforms the other five baselines. The proposed framework demonstrated good generalization abilities by uncovering important factors of product reviews and can be evaluated on other voting platforms.

Nanotechnological Carriers in the Treatment of Cancer: A Review

Abstract: There is an urgent need of advanced techniques/technologies for the treatment of can-cer as it is becoming the major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The improvement of the cancer drug delivery system has been made possible by the formation of novel nanomaterials and nanocarriers. The nanocarriers prevent rapid degradation of the drug and thereby deliver the drug to a specific tumor site at therapeutic concentrations, meanwhile reducing the adverse/side effects by avoiding the delivery of the drug to normal sites. The antitumor activity can be en-hanced by increasing the tumoral uptake of nanocarriers. By delivering the nanocarriers either by active or passive targeting, the tumoral uptake can be increased. The pharmacokinetics, pharma-codynamics, and safety profile of the drug are determined by structural and physical factors like size, charge, shape, and other surface characteristics, hence the design of the nanoparticles is an important factor. In the present review, the mechanism of cellular targeting, along with the differ-ent nanoparticles used in cancer therapy is discussed. Nanotechnology have gained huge ground due to improved diagnosis and treatment additionally saving the time and resources, which makes this technology to get more landscape for researchers/ oncologists.