Implications For Regional Development Policy Research Articles

Insights into the ‘ecological economics’ of land degradation: A multi-scale analysis with implications for regional development policy and local mitigation measures

This study examines the intrinsic relationship between land degradation and the accumulation of wealth at various planning scales in Italy, a desertification hotspot in Southern Europe. Local development was scrutinized at four planning scales (administrative regions, provinces, economic districts, and municipalities) to verify if land sensitivity to degradation increases over time more rapidly in economically advanced contexts. Land sensitivity to degradation increased between the early 1990s and the early 2010s contrary to the level of income per-capita based on linear, squared, cubic, and fourth-grade polynomial specifications. Spatially implicit and explicit statistical approaches indicate linear models are the best fit at all planning scales. The income-land degradation relationship was negative, showing the role of both centralized and decentralized planning scales, and suggesting that developmental policies may have less impact on land degradation in specific territorial contexts. More suited local models displayed a negative socio-economic development impact in more affected Southern districts. Checking for spatial heterogeneity, multi-scale regressions provided insights into complex ecological-economic processes whilst also evaluating the impact of regional development at different planning levels contributing to design scalable mitigation policies against desertification.

An Innovative Ambidexterity Typology of Filipino Agripreneurs and Its Implications for Regional Development Policies

The innovative ambidexterity lens classifies agripreneurs as having exploratory, exploitative, or ambidextrous postures.Exploratory agripreneurs exhibit fast and radical innovative behavior, exploitative agripreneurs slow and incremental innovative behavior, whereas ambidextrous agripreneurs are in between. This article proposes a typology of Filipino agripreneurs based on four dimensions of innovative ambidexterity. Data on one hundred and seventy-four (174) Filipino agripreneurs from administrative regions in the Philippines, were derived from the 2013 to 2015 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Adult Population Surveys (GEM-APS) and analyzed using unsupervised K-means. Three clusters of Filipino agripreneurs emerged: (1) generally exploratory; (2) purely exploitative; and (3) mixed ambidextrous. Based on the results, many of the highly exploratory agripreneurs came from the Southern Mindanao and Caraga regions. A closer look at the formal, and informal institutional support in these regions reveals an enabling environment from government agencies in the aforementioned regions. Meanwhile, most of the mixed ambidextrous agripreneurs were from Ilocos, Occidental and Oriental Mindoro, Marinduque, Romblon, and Palawan (MIMAROPA), Northern Mindanao, Southern Mindanao, Central Mindanao, and Caraga. One commonality among these regions was their all having international airports, which is important to facilitate the transport of products to Manila and international markets. As a recommendation, regional development policies must aim to develop agripreneurs with exploratory, as well as ambidextrous postures. An enabling formal and informal institutional environment (i.e., economic, technological, natural, and political-legal factors, as well as, networks) must be put in place at the regional level for these innovative postures to be developed and for innovations in agripreneurship to be accelerated in the country.

Woman’s entrepreneurship as a gendered niche: the implications for regional development policy

AbstractIn this article, we argue that entrepreneurship is a socio-spatial embedded activity and that the social construction of gender, time, space, economy and culture is manifest in the masculinities that are ascribed a normative role in entrepreneurship development policies. Drawing on feminist approaches to articulate and perform resistance to the hegemonic ‘masculinist’ discourses on entrepreneurship, we argue that women’s entrepreneurship is contextually embedded in institutional and social structures that both limit and provide opportunities for its enactment. Regional economic development policy has focused, inter alia, on stimulating and supporting women’s entrepreneurship through the establishment of women-only entrepreneurial networks to provide support, role models and access to resources. Grounded in feminist geography and based on a detailed qualitative study of network managers and members of formally established women-only networks, we provide evidence of the disconnect between the emancipatory intent and the actual impact of these initiatives. While these networks aim to empower and encourage women into entrepreneurship, in practice, they perpetuate women’s marginalisation and ghettoisation in gendered niches.

A Look at Geographic Differences in Income and Cost of Living

We explore the relationship between income and cost of living, two key components of regional economic well-being. Our premise is that if high-income (or low-income) areas are also high-cost (or low-cost) areas, we should expect overlap in variables typically used to describe geographic variation in them. Do the same variables explaining regional income also help explain geographic differences in cost of living? If so, which among them contribute most to the explanation? Does the same set of variables also explain their changes over time? We address these questions using 1990 to 2016 data for ninety-six U.S. urban areas. We find that income and cost of living are related, but the relationship is not reciprocal and cost of living appears to be somewhat inelastic with respect to per-capita income. Both are positively associated with urban size, but urban income is most heavily influenced by labor force participation, educational attainment, and industry mix. Cost of living displays stronger regional tendencies that appear to be bifurcating, creating two distinctive groups of urban areas—those in the New England, Pacific, and Mountain states, and urban areas in the U.S. interior where living costs are markedly lower. We conclude with policy implications for regional development.

The Impact of Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) on Knowledge-Intensive Business Services (KIBS) Start-ups: Empirical Evidence from the Dutch Randstad

Jacobs W., van Rietbergen T., Atzema O., van Grunsven L. and van Dongen F. The impact of multinational enterprises (MNEs) on knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) start-ups: empirical evidence from the Dutch Randstad, Regional Studies. This paper focuses on the impact of multinational enterprises (MNEs) on the level of entrepreneurship in knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) in metropolitan regions. Large globalizing metropolitan regions or ‘world cities’ are generally considered prime office locations for MNEs and KIBS alike. Certain locations in these metropolitan regions or world cities provide multifarious benefits of being co-agglomerated. Yet the impact of local MNEs, whether domestic or foreign, on successful local entrepreneurship in related KIBS has hardly been conceptually or empirically addressed in the literature. This paper presents evidence from the Dutch Randstad based on a questionnaire given to 2,000 KIBS firms founded in 2001–08 and supported by interviews with major international KIBS. The main conclusion is that MNEs in KIBS firms spawn successful entrepreneurship in KIBS. Implications for regional development policy are also addressed.

Regional analysis of decoupling economic growth and pollutant emmissions into the air in Ukraine

The main goal of this paper is to examine the occurrence of a decoupling emerging tendency between economic growth rates and pollutant emissions in Ukraine, based on a regional analysis. Results indicate that between 2000 and 2012 gross domestic product increased in real terms by three-quarters, while the volume emissions into the air only one-fourth. This suggests that the long-awaited decoupling of economic and pollution emissions growth has begun. However, there are huge regional variations in decoupling processes in the country, which is important to understand and explain. In this paper regional analysis is used to comparatively evaluate the progress made in regions across the country in decoupling pollution emissions from economic growth, as a way to achieve some findings with significant implications for regional development policy, not only in Ukraine but in other countries facing the same challenge. http://dx.doi.org/10.17127/got/2014.5.006 Data de submissão: 2014-03-28 Data de aprovação: 2014-05-28 Data de publicação: 2014-06-30

URBAN GROWTH IN THE NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION OF INDIA: TESTING THE DIFFERENTIAL URBANISATION MODEL

ABSTRACTRecent research on the differential urbanisation (DU) model has examined the successive stages of concentration and dispersal of population in a set of hierarchy of cities at the national scale in many countries. Delhi, the capital city of India, and its adjoining areas, have experienced dramatic growth in recent years. In order to mitigate the adverse impact of growth, a National Capital Region (NCR) was delineated for co‐ordinating growth related activities within the region. Based on the postulates of the DU model, we explore the urban structural pattern of the NCR over the past three decades. Our empirical findings of the growth of cities and towns within the core and periphery of the NCR support the usefulness of the DU approach in assessing the urban regional development patterns. Urbanisation trends, as observed in the hierarchical restructuring of population would have implications for regional development policies and programmes.

Knowledge-based spatial differences in economic activity, job related migration and housing related migration

This paper analyzes the mutual effects of growth of cities and migration between cities. A model in which cities manufacture goods in a traditional sector and in a technological sector, and each city exhibits independently learning-by-doing in the latter sector is presented. The possibility that the development of one city prevents the development of the other is demonstrated. The higher wage in the developed city attracts the talented residents of the less developed city, to which less talented residents migrate in search of lower housing prices, thus creating bi-directional migration that reinforces the above result. An empirical analysis of the differences between job-related migration and housing-related migration in the U.S. is conducted, finding that these two streams are indeed in-line with the model’s prediction. Implications for regional development policies are discussed.

REGIONAL EXPENDITURE PATTERNS, REMOTENESS AND TYPE OF ENTERPRISE: WHICH TOURISM BUSINESSES SPEND THE LARGEST AMOUNTS WITHIN THEIR LOCAL COMMUNITIES?

This paper presents and analyses data on the expenditure patterns of 429 tourism enterprises in Queensland and the Northern Territory. Different types of tourism enterprises that are located in regions that are similarly remote are found to have similar expenditure patterns. In contrast, businesses that are located in very remote locations are found to spend much less, on average, than businesses that are located in outer regional centres. Although it is important to check if such results also obtain across a broader range of industries, it seems that the economic impact of any particular business may have more to do with its location than the type of industry. This may have important implications for regional development policy, and for the developers of general equilibrium models.

Labour Flexibility and Regional Development: The Role of Labour Market Intermediaries

B ENNER C. (2003) Labour flexibility and regional development: the role of labour market intermediaries, Reg. Studies 37 , 621-633. As contemporary labour markets have become more complex, volatile and unpredictable, labour market intermediaries (LMIs) have played an increasingly prominent role in shaping labour flexibility and regional development. Existing theories of regional development, however, do not adequately account for this prominent role. Using Silicon Valley as a case study, this paper contributes to developing a theory of intermediaries and regional development by highlighting the role LMIs play in three important labour market functions - reducing transactions costs, building networks and managing risk. In doing this, intermediaries play a critical role in shaping the speed and character of labour market adjustment, thus contributing directly to regional development, with significant implications for regional development policy. B ENNER C. (2003) La flexibilité du travail et l'amé nagement du territoire: le rôle des intermédiaires dans le marché du travail, Reg. Studies 37 , 621-633. Au fur et à mesure que les marchés du travail sont devenus plus complexes, plus précaires et plus imprévisibles, les intermédiaires dans le marché du travail (IMT) ont joué un rôle de plus en plus important dans la dé termination de la flexibilité du travail et de l'aménagement du territoire. Toujours est-il que les théories actuelles de l'amé nagement du territoire ne tient pas compte convenablement de ce rôle important. A partir d'une étude de cas, à savoir la Silicon Valley, cet article cherche à contribuer à la construction d'une thé orie des intermédiaires et de l'aménagement du territoire tout en soulignant le rôle des IMT dans trois fonctions importantes sur le marché du travail - la réduction des frais de transaction, la construction de réseaux et la gestion du risque. De cette manière, les intermédiaires jouent un rôle primordial dans la détermination de la vitesse et de la nature de l'ajustement du marché du travail, ainsi contribuant directement à l'aménagement du territoire, d'où d'importantes conséquences pour la politique d'aménagement du territoire. B ENNER C. (2003) Flexibilität der Arbeiterschaft und regionale Entwicklung: Die Rolle der Arbeitsmarktvermittler, Reg. Studies 37 , 621-633. Da die heutigen Arbeitsmärkte komplexer, unbeständiger und unvorsehbarer geworden sind, haben Arbeitsmarktvermittler (Labour Market Intermediaries=LMIs) eine zunehmend wichtige Rolle bei der Gestaltung der Flexibilität der Arbeiterschaft und der regionalen Entwicklung gespielt. Vorhandene Theorien der Regionalentwicklung geben jedoch nur unzulängliche Auskunft über die Bedeutung ihrer Rolle. Mit Hilfe einer Fachstudie von Silicon Valley trägt dieser Aufsatz zur Entwicklung einer Theorie der Vermittler und regionaler Entwicklung bei, indem er die Rolle hervorhebt, die LMIs in drei bedeutenden Arbeitsmarktfunktionen spielen: der Reduzierung der Abwicklungskosten, der Konstruktion von Netzwerken und der Absicherung von Risiken. In dieser Kapazität spielen die Vermittler eine kritische Rolle, indem sie Tempo und Charakter der Arbeitsmarktanpassung gestalten, und so direkt zur Regionalentwicklung beitragen; dies hat signifikante Implikationen für die regionale Entwicklungspolitik.

Regional Growth in China Under Economic Reforms

This article uses both cross-section and panel data approaches to study regional growth in China. Inter-regional income inequality increased ((divergence), the rich regions became richer but poor regions poorer (b divergence), over the data period 1978-95. This contradicts results from other cross-region country studies shown by Sala-i-Martin [1996] and some earlier studies on China. Only after controlling for regional effects, population growth, and investment in both physical and human capital do the data show significant b-convergence. More interestingly, the degree of openness and transportation are two other important factors responsible for differences in regional growth. This finding has important implications for regional development policy.

From “Gardens” to “Plantations”: Market Economy and Commercial Agricultural Development in Shaanbei, China

Recent development of commercial agriculture in China can be illustrated by the diffusion of an orchard operation, “garden-plantation “, in northern Shaanxi Province (Shaanbei). Conceived in traditional family gardens, this new system has become a leading commercial operation and has resulted in improvements of both ecological and economic conditions. Empirical findings indicate that the emerging market economy has been a critical force behind the rapid diffusion and sustainable potentials of the garden-plantation system. This study contributes to the theories of sustainable growth and has policy implications for regional development.

Spatial Variations in the Israeli Small-Business Sector: Implications for Regional Development Policies

RAZIN E. (1990) Spatial variations in the Israeli small-business sector: implications for regional development policies, Reg. Studies 24, 149–162. An analysis of evolving spatial variations in self-employment in Israel is presented as an initial step in assessing opportunities for small-business oriented local development policies. The analysis includes the Jewish urban population and is based on data of the 1961, 1972 and 1983 censuses of population. Whereas the gap between metropolitan areas and non-metropolitan development towns in rates of self-employment narrowed substantially with time, differences in the industrial composition widened. Small-business opportunities in development towns were relatively few and mainly concentrated in non-growing blue-collar activities. Those in manufacturing and in business services were restricted by non-central location, whereas those in retail and construction were restricted by small size of local market, and limited local purchasing power. High levels of well-bei...

Spatial Patterns of Inequality and Poverty in Indonesia

The paper uses data from the 1976 Household Expenditure Survey (Susenas) to examine spatial patterns of poverty and inequality in Indonesia. A number of inequality measures are computed for each province (Gini Ratio. Atkinson Index, Theil Index, L-Index) and provincial rankings according to each index are compared. Provinces are also ranked according to a number of poverty indexes, using a poverty line adjusted for differences in price levels, between provinces. The correlation between selected measures of poverty and inequality is also investigated and some implications for regional development policy discussed.

Tourism and crime: Implications for regional development policy

Fujii E. T. and Mak J. (1980) Tourism and crime: implications for regional development policy, Reg. Studies 14, 27–36. This paper investigates the hypothesis that tourism generates environmental externalities in the form of increased crimes against persons and property using annual time series data over the period 1961–1975 and cross-section data for 1975 from the State of Hawaii. We find that an increase in the proportion of tourists in the population results in a significantly greater number of burglaries and rapes than a comparable increase in other population subgroups. The implications of the results for regional development planning of the visitor industry are then explored.

Support for Growth Centers The Case of Rural Northwest Wisconsin

Recent policy for regional economic development in the U.S. has taken shape around a growth-center concept. The success of any policy aimed at regional economic development is at least partially contingent on support from the rural-hinterland people who are both the policy's target and its ultimate vehicle of implementation. The failure of a target population to cooperate with and participate in programs designed to realize policy objectives may lead to a policy's doom. Knowledge of the attitudes towards a growth-centers policy of people who have experienced or will experience the policy's impact helps assess the prospects for the policy's success. This present article examines patterns of opposition to and support for growth centers among a target population for the policy and notes the implications for regional development policy in general.

A Theoretical and Empirical Study of Victims of Crime

Previous articleNext article No AccessA Theoretical and Empirical Study of Victims of CrimeNeil K. KomesarNeil K. Komesar Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Journal of Legal Studies Volume 2, Number 2Jun., 1973 Sponsored by The University of Chicago Law School Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/467500 Views: 8Total views on this site Citations: 13Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1973 The University of ChicagoPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:W. David Allen Crime, Universities and Campus Police, Applied Economics 53, no.3737 (Mar 2021): 4276–4291.https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2021.1899117David W. Johnston, Michael A. Shields, Agne Suziedelyte Victimisation, Well‐being and Compensation: Using Panel Data to Estimate the Costs of Violent Crime, The Economic Journal 128, no.611611 (Jul 2017): 1545–1569.https://doi.org/10.1111/ecoj.12478W. David Allen Self-protection against crime: what do schools do?, Applied Economics 50, no.11 (Apr 2017): 65–78.https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2017.1313955W. David Allen Self-protection against crime victimization: Theory and evidence from university campuses, International Review of Law and Economics 34 (Jun 2013): 21–33.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irle.2012.11.002Troy Lorde, Mahalia Jackman Evaluating the Impact of Crime on Tourism in Barbados: A Transfer Function Approach, Tourism Analysis 18, no.22 (Mar 2013): 183–191.https://doi.org/10.3727/108354213X13645733247774John McDonald, Steven Balkin Citizen Demand for Exposure to Street Crime, Urban Studies 20, no.44 (Nov 1983): 419–429.https://doi.org/10.1080/00420988320080781Steven Balkin, John F. McDonald The market for street crime: An economic analysis of victim-offender interaction, Journal of Urban Economics 10, no.33 (Nov 1981): 390–405.https://doi.org/10.1016/0094-1190(81)90009-7Edwin T. Fujii, James Mak Tourism and crime: Implications for regional development policy, Regional Studies 14, no.11 (Feb 2007): 27–36.https://doi.org/10.1080/09595238000185031Charles T. Clotfelter Private security and the public safety, Journal of Urban Economics 5, no.33 (Jul 1978): 388–402.https://doi.org/10.1016/0094-1190(78)90018-9 Donald Mathieson , and Peter Passell Homicide and Robbery in New York City: An Economic Model, The Journal of Legal Studies 5, no.11 (Oct 2015): 83–98.https://doi.org/10.1086/467545Patricia L. Brantingham, Paul J. Brantingham Residential Burglary and Urban Form, Urban Studies 12, no.33 (Oct 1975): 273–284.https://doi.org/10.1080/00420987520080531 Ann P. Bartel An Analysis of Firm Demand for Protection against Crime, The Journal of Legal Studies 4, no.22 (Oct 2015): 443–478.https://doi.org/10.1086/467539 Neil K. Komesar Toward a General Theory of Personal Injury Loss, The Journal of Legal Studies 3, no.22 (Oct 2015): 457–486.https://doi.org/10.1086/467521