Study Implications For Future Research Research Articles

The Role of Shopping Values, Cognitive and Affective Evaluations on the Relationship between Store Environment and Store Patronage Intention: A Future Research Agenda

This study aims to investigate the role of shopping values, cognitive, and affective evaluations on the relationship between store environment and store patronage intention while proposing a future research agenda through a systematic literature review (SLR) approach. Based on the Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) model, the store environment is identified as the stimuli, affective evaluations are identified as the organism and response is the store patronage intention. The SLR proposed that cognitive evaluations can be included as a mediator between store environment and affective evaluations based on the Cognitive Theory of Emotions. Further, based on the literature, it is suggested that hedonic and utilitarian shopping values may have a moderating effect on the relationship between affective evaluations and store patronage intention. This theoretical association between store environment and store patronage intention of supermarket shoppers will reveal significant managerial and theoretical implications for future research studies.

Sponsorship-Linked Marketing: Sport Consumers' Attitudes and Behaviors

The rapid increase in sport sponsorship expenditure has been accompanied by a significant growth of research studies evaluating sponsorship efficiency in various sport contexts. Nevertheless, the majority of research studies have concentrated on the comprehension of the variables driving to behaviors. A more precise evaluation of sport sponsorship efficiency is of necessity, taking into attitudinal as well as behavioral constructs. This study focused on the exploration of the attitudinal and behavioral constructs in the context of sport sponsorship. More precisely, the aim of this research is to offer some elucidations of the effect of fans’ involvement with sport, the degree of their attachment with their favorite team, their beliefs about sponsorship and the anticipated sincerity of the sponsors on the awareness of and attitude toward real sponsoring firms, as well as its subsequent influence on future purchase intentions concerning sponsoring firms’ merchandise. Data from 2,752 fans were successfully gathered and analyzed utilizing structural equation modeling analysis. The results of a structural equation model provide an exceptional conceptual framework that underlines the significance of comprehending the role of important factors in sponsorship efficiency. The findings highlight the influential role of the examined factors in guiding sport clubs’ supporters to form favorable attitudes and purchase sponsors’ goods and services — an outcome of considerable significance for both the practitioners and academics in the field. Various implications for future research studies as well as strategies to boost the advantages for both the sport clubs and sponsoring firms can be drawn from the suggested model.

Analyzing farm households' perception and choice of adaptation strategies towards climate change impacts: a case study of vulnerable households in an emerging Asian region.

Poor agricultural communities are particularly more disruptive to changes in climate. In southeast Asian countries, Pakistan is extremely vulnerable to weather-related events including droughts and floods. This research study aims to determine the farmers' perception towards climatic risks, farmers' choice of adaptation strategies and factors influencing farmers' decision of adaptation measures. A face-to-face household survey was conducted to collect primary data of 378 farm households from three tehsils of district Charsadda-Khyber Pakhuntkhwa (KP) province of Pakistan. A structured questionnaire was utilized as an instrument to collect data from the targeted farmers in study areas (three tehsils of district Charsadda). A binary probit model approach was used to assess the major factors affecting farmers' decision towards adaptation measures. Results revealed that changing crop varieties, diversification of crops, changing crop calendar, and insurance of crops were the major adaptive measures exercised by farm households in their farms. Findings of the binary probit approach showed that age of the respondents, farm size, educational level, credit access, household size, extension services access and perception of increased floods, and reduction in precipitation had substantial effect on the farmers' adaptation strategies choice. Advanced agricultural practices in response to the climatic risks can thus have substantial effects and reduction in farmers' exposure to natural calamities. Study findings of our research can guide policy makers and concerned authorities and provide policy implications for future research studies.

AI adoption in the hiring process – important criteria and extent of AI adoption

PurposeIn the context of new workplace environment, this study aims to study and generate insights about artificial intelligence (AI) adoption in hiring process of firms. It is very relevant when AI is dramatically reshaping hiring function in the changing scenario.Design/methodology/approachThe objectives are achieved with the help of three studies involving Delphi method to explore the criteria for AI adoption decision. Followed by two multi criteria decision-making techniques, i.e. analytic hierarchy process to identify weights of the criteria and fuzzy technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution to assess the extent of AI adoption in hiring.FindingsThe findings reveal that information security and return on investment are considered two very important criteria by human resources managers while contemplating the adoption of AI in hiring process. It was found that AI adoption will be suitable at the sourcing and initial screening stages of hiring. And the suitability of the hiring stage where AI can be applied has been found to have changed from before and after the onset of COVID-19 pandemic situation. The findings and its discussion assist and enhance better decisions about AI adoption in hiring processes of firms amid changing scenario – external and internal to a firm.Research limitations/implicationsFindings also highlight research implications for future research studies in this emerging area.Practical implicationsResults act as a starting point for other human resources managers, who are still pondering over the idea of adopting AI in hiring in future.Originality/valueThis paper through a systematic approach contributes by identifying important evaluation criteria influencing AI adoption in firms and extent of its application in the stages of hiring. It makes a substantial contribution to the under-developed yet emerging paradigm of AI based hiring in practice and research.

Measuring Social Connectedness during Shared Leisure Activities Using Oxytocin: A Comparison of Sampling Urine versus Saliva

Leisure experiences are often associated with social connectedness. One measure of social connection underutilized in leisure studies is the neurohormone oxytocin. This methodological note considers issues researchers need to address when incorporating oxytocin in their study design. Noninvasive sources for sampling oxytocin include saliva and urine; however, the decision about which method to employ is not well documented. This study provides the first methodological note on collecting oxytocin in leisure studies and provides a comparison of urine vs. saliva measures for oxytocin in the context of leisure activities. Our findings indicate that urine samples are more sensitive to oxytocin change in leisure studies. The discussion provides additional practical implications for future research studies regarding the choice between urine and saliva data collection methods.

An Analysis of Gender Representation in Territory-Wide System Assessment English Language Papers for Primary School Students in Hong Kong

Gender stereotyping has long been an issue for gender and language research from as early as the 1970s, and analyses on gender representation in English language textbooks have been frequently conducted. However, gender representation in assessment papers, another commonly occurring genre in education, remains unexplored in Hong Kong research. Therefore, this paper was aimed to explore how males and females are represented in Territory-wide System Assessment (TSA), a territory-level assessment administered in Hong Kong, to find out if gender stereotyping is still an issue. The data of the current study include the recent 10 years of TSA Primary 3 English Language Reading & Writing papers. A total of 33 sets of TSA Primary 3 English Language Reading & Writing papers was analysed by using content and linguistic analyses for their written texts and visual analysis for visual elements. The key findings include: males and females are represented similarly in the written texts and in the visuals, and females are portrayed as involving in occupational roles more frequently than males in both the written texts and visuals. However, it is always females who were drawn to be focused on family matters, and the marital status of a female is still distinguished by the use of either Miss or Mrs. Suggestions for test paper designers and examination authorities are given and implications for future research studies are drawn at the end of this paper.

Elementary School Student Development of STEM Attitudes and Perceived Learning in a STEM Integrated Robotics Curriculum

Robotics has been advocated as an emerging approach to engaging K-12 students in learning science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). This study examined the impacts of a project-based STEM integrated robotics curriculum on elementary school students’ attitudes toward STEM and perceived learning in an afterschool setting. Three elementary school teachers and 18 fourth to sixth graders participated in an eight-week-long program. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected and analyzed, and showed students’ attitudes toward math improved significantly at the end of the robotics curriculum. Three specific areas of perceived learning were identified, including STEM content learning and connection, engagement and perseverance, and development and challenge in teamwork. The findings also identified the opportunities and challenges in designing a STEM integrated robotics afterschool curriculum for upper elementary school students. Implications for future research studies and curriculum design are discussed.

DIAGNOSIS DOES MATTER: MEDICATION DOSING IN END-OF-LIFE CARE FOR PERSONS WITH DEMENTIA

Introduction • Background: We provide end-of-life care to veterans with various diagnoses both in acute and long-term care settings. During our practice we noticed differences in dose requirements of various medications used to control symptoms based on primary terminal diagnoses. Literature review did not show any evidence suggesting correlation of doses of medications and primary terminal diagnoses in end-of-life care. Objective To review medication use, doses, symptoms and diagnoses to establish whether terminal diagnosis would impact the amount of medications required for symptom management in end-of-life care. Methods We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients who died in the Topeka VA Medical Center inpatient setting from January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018. Various clinical events were reviewed during the last 48 hours of life of these deceased patients. Results There were 20 patients who died during the review period; 19 (95%) of them were men. Average age was 74.45 years (range 66 to 95). Out of the total, 5 (25%), 5 (25%) and 4 (20%) of patients had terminal diagnosis of dementia, malignancy and thought disorder respectively. Thirteen (65%) died in acute medical setting and the rest of them died in long-term care setting. None of these patients had a change in care setting during last 48 hours of life. All of these patients experienced pain, anxiety and terminal delirium during last 48 hours of their life, based on clinical assessment. Opiates, lorazepam and haloperidol were used to manage these symptoms during end-of-life care. All of these patients required parenteral (intravenous or subcutaneous) use of medications for symptom control during the last 48 hours of life. Data showed differences in dose requirements of medications based on the primary terminal diagnosis. During the last 48 hours of life, patients with primary terminal diagnosis of dementia required 146.8 mg of parenteral morphine equivalent (PME), 40.9 mg of lorazepam and 68.5 mg of haloperidol in comparison to 42 mg, 11.7 mg and 14.9 mg of respective medications for patients without primary terminal diagnosis of dementia. During the same period, patients with primary terminal diagnosis of thought disorders required 53.6 mg of haloperidol compared to 19 mg for other patients. The PME requirement for patients with and without malignancy as primary terminal diagnosis was 67.8 mg and 68.4 mg respectively. Conclusions During the last 48 hours of their life, patients with primary terminal diagnosis of dementia required 3 times more morphine, 4 times more lorazepam and 4 times more haloperidol than patients without primary terminal diagnosis of dementia for management of end-of-life symptoms. During the last 48 hours of their life, patients with primary terminal diagnosis of thought disorder required 2.5 times more haloperidol than patients without primary terminal diagnosis of thought disorder. During the last 48 hours of their life, patients with primary terminal diagnosis of malignancy required almost the same doses of morphine equivalent as patients without primary terminal diagnosis of malignancy. Limitations: - Very small sample size - Retrospective review of charts - Single site - Short period of study Implications for Future Research: Our data suggest that patients with dementia required much higher doses of opiate, lorazepam and haloperidol for symptom management during their end-of-life care. This is contradictory to the commonly prevalent clinical understanding that these medications should be used in lower doses in patients with diagnosis of dementia. Further research is needed to study the relation of terminal diagnosis and medication requirements in end-of-life care. Further research is also needed to study physiological and biochemical changes during the terminal state that might influence amount of medications required to treat symptoms. Sponsored by the VA Caucus This research was funded by None

Examining the structure validity of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index

The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is a widely used measurement tool for assessing sleep disturbance and is broadly used in clinical and healthy populations. Yet, validation of the PSQI has rarely been carried out for a relatively large non-clinical sample in the United States. The aim for the current study is to examine the structure validity of the PSQI. Data from 2189 individuals (mean age 35.88) were analyzed by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) followed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Furthermore, measurement invariance across age groups was examined using multigroup CFA. We found that a three-factor model (i.e., sleep efficiency, sleep latency, and sleep quality) fitted better than the commonly used single-factor structure. Specifically, for the three-factor model, the comparative fit index was 0.99, the Tucker–Lewis fit index was 0.99, and the root-mean-square error of approximation was 0.04. Those fit indices further indicated a good fit between the model and the observed data. Measurement invariance results suggested that the factor structure of PSQI is not comparable for different age groups, which has implications for future research studies. Our findings validated the factor structure of the PSQI on non-clinical populations and recommended the use of three separate factors to assess sleep quality. In addition, the findings demonstrated that different models should be used to assess sleep disturbance across age groups. However, further research is required to determine the appropriate cut-off points for different age groups.

White coat hypertension: improving the patient-health care practitioner relationship.

White coat hypertension is characterized by the variability of a patient’s blood pressure measurements between the physician’s office and the patient’s home environment. A patient with white coat hypertension has high blood pressure levels in the physician’s office and normal blood pressure levels in their typical environment. This condition is likely caused by the patient’s anxiety within the physician’s office and in the presence of the physician. Research has shown that improving the relationship between a patient and their health care provider can decrease the patient’s anxiety, with the implication of decreasing the patient’s likelihood of demonstrating white coat hypertension. This review provides an overview of the previous literature regarding white coat hypertension, its prevalence, and the consequences for those who develop persistent hypertension. Furthermore, this review discusses the implications of improving patient and health care provider interactions through effective communication, empathy, and trust, as well as the implications for future research studies in improving the patient and health care provider’s relationship.

Parenting stress and autism: The role of age, autism severity, quality of life and problem behaviour of children and adolescents with autism

While stress is a common experience for parents caring for a child with a developmental disability, current measures fail to distinguish between general stress in parents and the demands of parenting and perceptions of parenting skills (parenting stress). This study examined differences in 'parenting stress' reported by parents of children with autism and typically developing children. This study examined the role of child characteristics (age, autism severity, child quality of life and problem behaviour) on parenting stress in 150 parents of cognitively able children and adolescents with autism. The results revealed that child hyperactivity was the only factor significantly related to parenting stress in parents of children with autism, overruling measures of autism severity and child quality of life. This finding indicates the significant influence of problematic behaviours on parenting demands and perceptions of parenting skills in parents of children with autism, over other child characteristics conceived as within the parent's control. Study implications for future research are discussed.

Negative Impact of Episodic Migraine on a University Population: Quality of Life, Functional Impairment, and Comorbid Psychiatric Symptoms

Migraine is associated with significant negative impact, including reduced quality of life, impaired functioning, and comorbid psychiatric disorders. However, the impact of migraine on university students is understudied, despite their high prevalence of migraine and psychiatric disorders and their frequent use in research studies. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the impact of migraine among college students on quality of life, functional impairment, and comorbid psychiatric symptoms. Three hundred and ninety-one students (76.73% female, mean age = 19.43 ± 2.80 years) completed well-validated measures of migraine and migraine-related disability, quality of life, and comorbid psychiatric symptoms. They also quantified impairment in school attendance and home functioning and reported the number of medical visits during the preceding 3 months. One hundred and one (25.83%) met conservative screening criteria for episodic migraine; their mean score on the Migraine Disability Assessment Questionnaire was 9.98 ± 12.10. Compared to those not screening positive for migraine, the migraine-positive group reported reduced quality of life on 5 of 6 domains, as well as a higher frequency of missed school days (2.74 vs 1.36), impaired functioning at home (2.84 vs 1.21 days), and medical visits (1.86 vs 0.95). They also reported more symptoms of both depression and anxiety than controls, although differences in functional impairment remained after controlling for these comorbid psychiatric symptoms. These differences were highly statistically significant and corroborated by evidence of clinically significant impairment; the corresponding effect sizes were modest but non-trivial. Episodic migraine is associated with negative impact in numerous domains among university students. These findings replicate and extend those of studies on other samples and have implications for future research studies with this population.

Developing a readiness self‐assessment model (RSM) for Six Sigma for China enterprises

PurposeSix Sigma, as a concept, gains more and more attention and importance because of its comprehensive approach for company development and performance improvement of both products and processes. Nevertheless, Six Sigma is recognized for its complicated statistical and non‐statistical tool‐sets for reducing operational deviation. The main challenge for a successful implementation of Six Sigma is the readiness for it. In particular, as China has been developing into the world factory, the quality improvement journey has also been affected by this world‐wide trend and China enterprises have to find ways to adapt to this. This research paper aims at developing a self‐assessment model for determining the readiness of China enterprises to implement the Six Sigma approach, so that organizations can understand their wellbeing and the potential deficiencies in Six Sigma implementation.Design/methodology/approachAn extensive literature review has been conducted to provide sufficient background information on the Six Sigma development, critical success factors and its challenges for implementing organizations, especially for China enterprises. The developed readiness self‐assessment model is validated by survey method and the collected data are analyzed to determine the effectiveness of the model.FindingsThe survey outcomes prove that the developed self‐assessment model is effective in determining the readiness of the organization for adopting a Six Sigma approach. Among the three surveyed companies, only the one with experience in quality improvement projects and Six Sigma implementation passes the assessment test. The model is able to illustrate the potential deficiencies of an organization if it intends to implement Six Sigma.Originality/valueThis paper presents the first research study to develop a Six Sigma readiness self‐assessment model targeting China enterprises. The developed model is of interest to academic researchers, business practitioners, quality improvement consultants and Six Sigma experts. The paper will provide a valuable foundation and also implications for future research studies on readiness self‐assessment models for all kinds of management system programs.

Veterans in custody: A small scale needs analysis

As the number of veterans in custody is suspected to increase, limited studies have investigated the criminogenic needs of this population. It is recognised that the needs associated with this minority group of prisoners may differ as a result of their veteran status, and as such it is imperative to acknowledge these needs in view of reducing reoffending rates. Self report measures were used to investigate the prevalence of Intrusive Experiences, Defensive Avoidance and Dissociation (dimensions of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder) and mental health and substance use disorders in five veterans in custody. The data was considered in view of the participants’ experiences of combat, and the witnessing of serious injury or death. The findings highlighted that incarcerated veterans show a need to address their emotional management and past combat duties was associated with such a need. Accommodation and substance misuse were also criminogenic risk factors. Such findings have implications for future research studies using larger sample sizes, comparisons to the general prison population and reducing veterans’ risk of recidivism.

Targeted Adverse Outcomes in Acute Pancreatitis are Infrequent in Non-transferred Patients: Implications for Future Research Studies

Purpose: Historically, outcomes of severity in acute pancreatitis have included the presence of necrosis, development of organ failure and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), need for intensive care unit (ICU) admission, length of hospitalization and death. We aimed to determine the frequency of these outcomes in a large retrospective database and evaluate the influence of transfer status as a possible confounder. Methods: All paper and electronic patient charts in those admitted to our medical center from 1985-2009 with a primary diagnosis of acute pancreatitis were retrospectively evaluated. Data in regards to demographics, process measures, and outcomes was abstracted. SIRS was defined as per standard criteria and organ failure per the revised Atlanta Classification classification. Means and standard deviations were used to characterize the population and direct admission and transfer groups were compared using the Fisher's exact and student's t-tests. Results: 489 patients presented directly to our center and 213 were admitted in transfer. The percent rate of SIRS and organ failure at admission, 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours are demonstrated in the Table for transferred and non-transferred patients. Transferred patients were also more likely than non-transferred patients to require ICU care (27.5% vs. 7.5%, p<0.001), develop necrosis (19.0% vs. 2.1%, p<0.001), require parenteral nutrition (69.1% vs. 29.7%, p<0.001), have intra-abdominal bacterial infections (11.0% vs. 2.7%, p<0.001) and die (9.3% vs. 3.5%, p<0.003). In non-transfer patients who died, 60% had SIRS and 29% had organ failure at admission, while the percent dropped to 29% for organ failure and SIRS at 72 hours. Conclusion: In patients not admitted in transfer, historical outcomes of severity in acute pancreatitis are infrequent. These results demonstrate the importance of stratification by transfer status when performing studies evaluating outcomes in acute pancreatitis.Table: Percent rates of SIRS and organ failure in study population

Organizational Culture of Participation: Development and Validation of a Measure

This article specifies the concept of “Organizational Culture of Participation” (OCP) as that part of an organizational culture which is linked to employee participation. Three OCP-types are distinguished by the way participation is promoted and supported in an organizational culture: (1) leader promoted, (2) employee promoted, and (3) institution promoted OCPs – all types are considered to have different processes and outcomes of employee participation. The OCP concept's relevance for research on employee participation and a first validation of this concept is described. For this we developed a measure of OCP and conducted an empirical study to analyze construct, discriminant and incremental validity. After presenting this study implications for future research and of practical relevance are derived.

Post-traumatic stress disorder symptom clusters in Turkish child and adolescent trauma survivors

This study identified post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom clusters in Turkish children and adolescents who experienced the 1999 Marmara Earthquake, which was classified as one of the world's six deadliest earthquakes in the 20th century. Two hundred ninety three children and adolescents (152 females and 141 males between the ages of 8 and 15) living in Izmit, the epicenter of the earthquake, participated in this study. The Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Reaction Index for Children (CPTSD-RI) was administered to assess PTSD symptoms. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), using data from the CPTSD-RI, was conducted to determine whether the DSM-IV-TR symptom structure of PTSD was valid in Turkish children and adolescents. The CFA model supported the three-symptom cluster model. Limitations and implications for future research studies are included in the discussion.

The Impact of Child Symptom Severity on Depressed Mood Among Parents of Children with ASD: The Mediating Role of Stress Proliferation

Stress proliferation (the tendency of stressors to engender additional stressors in other life domains) is explored in a sample of 68 parents of children identified with ASD. Regression analyses showed that parent depression was predicted by both child symptom severity and by stress proliferation and that stress proliferation partially mediated the effect of child symptom severity on parent depression. In addition, informal social support was found to reduce levels of parent stress proliferation and parent depression; however, contrary to the stress buffering hypothesis, the ameliorative effect of support on stress proliferation was shown to be greatest when reported child symptomatology was less (rather than more) severe. Study implications for future research and practice are discussed.