Implementation Of Water Resources Management Research Articles

POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF INTEGRATED URBAN WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT (IUWRM) IN SEMARANG CITY INDONESIA

Purpose: This study aims to find out the aspects of politics and economics of integrated urban water resources management in Semarang City and their impact on the practices of qualities of water resources management. Methods: This research used the qualitative method and field research approach. The focus data are the regulation and the implementation of water resources management in Semarang City Indonesia. The data was drawn from documents and interview with some resource persons. Results and Conclusion: The study found that the city government, which should carry out the function of conserving water resources, actually polluted the Kaligarang River through one of its institutions: Local Water Drinking Company, “Tirta Moedal”. This company disposes of waste sludge containing aluminum metal directly into the river without any treatment processes that impacted in pollution in the river and causing siltation of the river downstream. Research implications: the enactment of the comprehensive and integrated water resources management will has a positive impact on the practices of water resources management in Semarang specifically and Indonesia and even world countries generally. The implementation of comprehensive and integrated water resources management will also support the achievement of the sustainable development Goal. Originality/value: Semarang City government must be supported to arrange a comprehensive and integrated water resources management (WRM) policy. There must be a clear legal law for the water resources management.

Changes in abrupt alternations between wet and dry over the Great Lakes Region of Central Asia during the period 1976–2015

• GLRCA experienced an overall wetting trend. • Both D-W and W-D alternation events slightly decreased at the regional scale. • DWAA events decreased in 1976–1995 but increased in 1996–2015. • The variation of DWAA events was closely related to the dry and wet months. Under climate warming, the frequency of dry-wet abrupt alternation (DWAA) events was largely increased at the global scale. In this study, we identified DWAA events, including dry-wet (D-W) alternation events and wet-dry (W-D) alternation events, based on the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) for the Great Lakes Region of Central Asia (GLRCA), and analyzed temporal and spatial variation of DWAA during the period 1976–2015. Over the entire study period, GLRCA experienced an overall wetting trend, and a heavy dry trend was mainly distributed in the southwest. Although both D-W alternation events and W-D alternation events showed a slight decrease at the regional scale, there were two clearly opposite trends between 1976 and 1995 and 1996–2015, with a decrease in 1976–1995 and an increase in 1996–2015. Spatially, the variation in the number of D-W alternation events and W-D alternation events exhibited a large heterogeneity. A significant increase in the frequency of D-W alternation events and W-D alternation events was observed in the southwest of arid climate zone, which may be attributed to the increased frequency of dry months and wet months in the region. This study in DWAA events is of importance to the implementation of water resources management, disaster prevention and mitigation policies in the GLRCA under the challenge of future climate change.

The degree of integrated water resources management implementation in the Mekong River Delta in Viet Nam

AbstractA comprehensive approach in water resources management, referred to as integrated water resources management (IWRM), is required for successful water resource management. This study determined the degree of IWRM implementation in the Mekong River Delta in Viet Nam using indicator 6.5.1 from the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goal 6. A Delphi questionnaire approach was used in the study with a set of Knowledge Acquisition for Multiple Experts with Time Scales. The questionnaire was conducted with 21 selected experts for three rounds. The results showed that the degree of IWRM implementation in the Mekong River Delta in Viet Nam is at a medium‐high level. Enabling environment scores significantly better than the three other components, while the finance dimension falls short. This reflects the government's efforts to effectively manage water resources in the region. However, given the limitations in technical and financial capacity for IWRM implementation, this effort is deemed inadequate. The results thus provide an assessment baseline to assist decision makers in addressing the shortcomings of the current state of IWRM.

ВОПРОСЫ ДАЛЬНЕЙШЕГО СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЯ ВОДНО-КАДАСТРОВОГО ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬСТВА УЗБЕКИСТАНА

The article analyzes the legal basis for maintaining the state water cadastre of Uzbekistan as one of the mechanisms for ensuring water security and solving the problem of water resources deficit in the country. The author reveals the essence and goals of maintaining the state water cadastre in the implementation of water resources management as a geographic information system about waters and water bodies; summarizes the latest trends in improving the legal and technological foundations for the formation of water cadastre information in order to ensure its transparency through the use of innovative methods, and discloses the powers of the authorities that lead it. Along with the analysis of positive changes in the water cadastre system, the author disclosed some scientific and practical problems related to the formation of water cadastre information, the solution of which would contribute to ensuring the transparency of information about water resources and its reliability. In addition, the author studied the water cadastre legislation of some CIS countries in terms of the very concept of “water cadastre,” as well as the advanced experience of some developed countries of Europe, Asia, and the USA in the field of water resources management and the role of water statistics in it, and gave a comparative assessment. Based on the analysis of the current water legislation, special legal literature and foreign experience, the author provided proposals for further improving the water cadastre legislation and three drafts of normative legal acts were developed for legal regulation of the water cadastre maintenance, the procedure for conducting the economic assessment of water resources, as well as the procedure for providing water cadastre information to interested individuals and legal entities.

Degree of Integrated Water Resources Management Implementation in Context of Climate Change in a Watershed: Case of Oueme Basin, Benin (West Africa)

This study is based on the hypothesis that the implementation of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) tools in the Oueme watershed has not led to a systematic improvement in the degree of IWRM implementation in the Oueme Valley in Benin. Methodologically, data were collected through a semi-structured survey of stakeholder families in the study area using snowball sampling. The tool used was the form developed by the United Nations to collect data to assess the level of IWRM implementation. The four (4) assessment criteria, each covering a key component of IWRM, are the enabling environment, institutions and participation, management tools and financing. The results obtained per criteria according to the stepwise methodology adopted reveal on average a degree of implementation of 40 on a scale of 0 to 100 in the Oueme basin. This value varies according to the geographical area and the factors considered. This study, which is a decision-making tool, provides a guide for governments to monitor the progress of integrated water resources management in their territory.

Dilemmas of integrated water resources management implementation in the Awash River Basin, Ethiopia: irrigation development versus environmental flows

AbstractEnvironmental flows allocation is an intrinsic part of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM). This paper analyses socio‐political issues and effects of environmental flows integration on water availability under the context of increased agricultural intensification in an effort to tackle food insecurity. Lack of appropriate framework comprising the procedural requirements and strategic directions as well as prevalence of politically motivated ad hoc development programmes are among major challenges identified. Introducing environmental flows to a perceived satisfactory level would result in a significant increase of unmet irrigation water demand, yet, “productivity first” norm overtakes. This is presumed to be due to skewed focus on irrigation expansion and low awareness on the possible consequences. The particular challenges highlighted generally unveil the inherent contradictions in the IWRM concept putting its claim that the set of principles and entire course stand universally accepted as a means to balance socio‐economic and environmental outcomes under question.

Water Policy on SDG6.5 implementation: Progress in Integrated & Transboundary Water Resources Management Implementation

AbstractThis article discusses the implementation progress of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6 globally and the Integrated Monitoring Initiative for SDG 6 by the United Nations. It was noticed that more than 80% of countries have laid solid foundations to achieve at least medium‐low levels of Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) implementation. The basin management instruments were not properly implemented in 56% of the surveyed countries; and that Transboundary data sharing was also quite low. Benefits of these programmes in terms of IWRM and Transboundary Water Resource Management progresses are discussed for the Congo Basin, India and Zambia as a case study.

Progress in Integrated Water Resources Management implementation

Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRW) has made significant strides since its definition following the Rio Conference on Sustainable Development. Part of Sustainable Development Goal 6, the implementation of IWRM is foreseen globally by 2030. Initially, planning water resources in an integrated manner was the focus of most projects/programmes; hence, nowadays most of the efforts are targeted towards its implementation with practical implications for the nations and their populations.

The Water Quality in PDAM Intake in South Kalimantan Province

The implementation of water resource management faces some variety of complex problems in line with the increasing number of populations, accompanied by rapid social and economic growth. On the other hand, population growth makes the increasing need of water for various purposes and on the other hand it also creates exploitation of water resource. Water need is increasing along with the population growth as well as the increasing people’s living standard and economic growth. The high population growth rate will also be followed by urban water need hence a study of urban water quality is needed in the regency / city in South Kalimantan Province. The water turbidity in PDAM intake in rainy season is higher than in dry season. Water quality during dry season and rainy season can make good result after the water treatment in PDAM, compared to water sample from the intake tested mainly on turbidity and salinity component.

Ensuring Water Availability in Surabaya Through Integrated Water Resources Management Implementation

Surabaya is inhabited by 3.074.883 lives with majority drinking water comes from local water company (97%). It uses raw water from Surabaya River that is located in the downstream of Brantas River Basin. The streamflow is smaller than upstream because it is used by another water user. Moreover, the pollution load is accumulated so that the degree of treatment is complicated.Brantas River Basin management is needed to ensure water availability, especially in Surabaya. It can be achieved with the implementation of integrated water resources management (IWRM). A survey using in-depth interview (IDI) were conducted to management agency of Brantas River Basin called Jasa Tirta 1 Public Company (Perum Jasa Tirta 1). It will be compared with the principle of IWRM to assess the state of implementation on the Brantas River Basin.The result shows that the management pattern corresponding with IWRM, except for the mitigation of climate change. Climate change influences water availability and sustainability. An important factor in ensuring water availability in Surabaya is the adoption of effective water management. Even though the implementation of IWRM is not complete yet, it can be achieved by making water supply and demand effectively

Monitoring Water Resources Governance Progress Globally: Experiences from Monitoring SDG Indicator 6.5.1 on Integrated Water Resources Management Implementation

Improved water resources governance supports important social, economic, and environmental objectives. The 2030 Agenda recognizes improved water governance to be critical for achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and commits to monitor the progress of implementation of integrated water resources management (IWRM). This paper critically reviews the approach to monitoring SDG indicator 6.5.1 on implementation of IWRM. Firstly, the paper places the indicator monitoring within the context of other initiatives to measure water governance. Secondly, it analyzes experiences of application of the SDG indicator 6.5.1 methodology to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the indicator and presents the key findings of the 2017/2018 global baseline assessment of IWRM implementation. Baseline reporting shows that degree of IWRM implementation globally is 49%, though country scores range from 10 to 100%. Disaggregating the data by country and by aspect of water resources governance provides a diagnostic tool to identify areas of high and low progress, and, therefore, where increased resources and attention are required. The article concludes by suggesting how the next iteration of SDG indicator 6.5.1 monitoring cycle can be made into a tool for advancing the IWRM implementation and improved governance practices on the ground. It also proposes how the methodology can be strengthened to address current limitations, including aspects relating to integrity, accountability and transparency.

PERAN TEKNOLOGI DALAM PENENTUAN KEBIJAKAN PENGELOLAAN SUMBERDAYA AIR NASIONAL

In the national water resource management, the data is the basis for the calculation of water reserves. In a large scale and wide, searching the data will require substantial funding, as well as with the updates. Data colecting becomes a problem and not useful if not managed with the system efficiently and effectively. Technology occupies an important role in accelerating the work, such as remote sensing technology using a satellite to determine the condition of forests and water, or a weather that can see the concentration of clouds and wind movement. Determination of catchment areas of water and protected areas, may of them using remote sensing technology. Water treatment technologies for drinking water and the development of efficient recycling technology of waste water, is very supportive in increasing water use efficiency. Technological developments also influence government policy and the implementation of water resource management. National Policy of Water Resource Management is influenced by economic factors, environmental sustainability and socio-cultural conditions. The role of technology are facilitate, accelerate and improve the efficiency of the process, so that the process can be more economical and environmental impact is reduced, and does not conflict with the socio-cultural conditions. Keywords : Kebijakan nasional sumber daya air, potensi sda, teknologi pengolahan air

Water resources management and Integrated Water Resources Management implementation in Malawi: Status and implications for lake basin management

AbstractMany countries, including Malawi, are implementing integrated approaches for the development, management and use of water and other natural resources. Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) is, arguably, one approach considered helpful in addressing water issues effectively and sustainably. This study assesses the implementation of IWRM in Malawi to the present time, in relation to the five priority areas the country's Integrated Water Resources Management/Water Efficiency (IWRM/WE) Plan (2008–2012) sought to address, as well as the potential benefits of infusing Integrated Lake Basin Management (ILBM) in this approach. Document reviews, key informant interviews, questionnaire surveys and site visits were the employed methods in this analysis. Considering the significant importance of lakes in the country, this study, through application of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats framework, provides insight on how lake basin management issues can best be incorporated within the existing IWRM‐based framework to promote the management and utilization of lakes for sustainable use. While acknowledging the relevance of a holistic approach, the study highlights the importance for the country to ensure that its development agenda is not negatively affected in the course of implementing IWRM.

The Eastern Nile River Waterscape: The Role of Power in Policy-making and Shaping National Narratives

This article examines the role of power interchanges in hindering collaborative efforts over shared water resources in the Eastern Nile River. We track the formative process of riparian countries’ narratives, showing how they problematize the watershed differently in accordance with the typology of power dimensions laid out under a proposed framework calledPower on Water to Water Policy(pwwp). The framework presented attempts to give: (i) a power analysis of the riparian countries’ interactions, and (ii) a prescription of intervention avenues for river basin governance. The use of scientific literature and interviews triangulate data collection to ensure a more accurate analysis. Application of thepwwpframework is shown to contribute an original perspective to watershed management, enabling first, a comprehensive understanding of the Eastern Nile River situation from a power and institutional perspective and second, the identification of elements disrupting effective implementation of water resources management in the watershed.

Research on the Water Resource Manegement Based on Game Model

It is a principal-agent relationship in the process of the implementation of water resource management in China, which causes the game between the different governments inevitably. Game theory is a method that explains the decision makers’ behavior under different conditions. Traditionally, in the finite repeated prisoner's game, the Nash equilibrium of the “prisoner dilemma” is the only equilibrium of prisoners. This result seems to be inconsistent with the true choices in the water resource governance. From analyzing the game model with complete information and incomplete information, it finds the Nash equilibrium under the different conditions between the central government and the local governments. In order to strengthen the cooperation of all levels of government, it is absolutely essential that the central government provide complete information and increase the punishment probability, improve the incentive mechanism and reform the local government's performances evaluation in the future.

Dynamic simulation of water resource management focused on water allocation and water reclamation in Chinese mining cities

Mining cities have undergone the process of extensive exploitation, which always results in a series of water issues. Integrated water resource management is necessary in improving water supply, allocation and quality without damaging economic development. This article constructs a linear optimization model including a ‘Top-Down’ socio-economic mode, and ‘Bottom-Up’ water quality control and water supply–demand modes with integrated water resource management focused on water allocation and water reclamation. Based on computer simulation, the model can propose a water resource management under the constraints of water supply–demand and water quality control, and the model can precisely predict the influences of water resource management on economic development, water utilization and water quality. Taking Ordos, a Chinese national resource city, as a case study, this model addresses a detailed water resource management, including a water allocation plan among industries and water reclamation plan with technologies, selection, arrangement and subsidies. The implementation of water resource management can fulfill multiple objectives on water quantity, water quality and sustainable economic development. This study indicates that water resource management with a comprehensive dynamic model can be a maneuverable approach to realize the sustainable development of economic growth and water resource utilization, as well as formulate the regional development plan.

English

Renaissance studies continue to grow in post-colonial Africa. This study explores the Ndau culture in a bid to assess its vitality and relevance to contemporary society’s water technology in Zimbabwe. The thesis of the study posits that the Ndau people have indigenous knowledge systems (IKS) that can be tapped in the implementation of water resource management. Some Ndau beliefs and practices on water resources can be used as environmental management tools in order to do justice to climate change. These, if blended with western technologies, can be effective intervention strategies to mitigate the challenges posed by climate change.  The study adopted a qualitative research design in a case study approach. Purposive sampling was used to select community elders and traditional practitioners who are associated with the in-depth knowledge on traditional beliefs and practices. The data collection techniques included interviews, participant observations and documentary analysis. The study observed that the particular Ndau cultural beliefs and practices that are not only relevant but consistent with water technological changes and these must be strengthened as part of a people’s heritage.    Key words: Climate change, climate justice, culture, indigenous knowledge systems, Ndau people, renaissance studies, water technology.  

Study on Advanced Management of Water Resource

This work introduced water resource management of some developed countries such as the USA, Australia, Japan, Germany, France, etc. The countries developed individual water resources management models based on their own conditions. In America, a coordinative mode between region and river basin was formed. The Japanese muti-flood control mode which clarified the responsibilities of the administration and local government enhanced the management. Singapore owns a unique management mode, which effectively guaranteed the implementation of water resource management. This work offers references to the formation of water resource management modes suitable for different countries.

Decentralized water resources management in Mozambique: Challenges of implementation at the river basin level

In the context of integrated water resources management implementation, the decentralization of water resources management (DWRM) at the river basin level is a crucial aspect for its success. However, decentralization requires the creation of new institutions on the ground, to stimulate an environment enabling stakeholder participation and integration into the water management decision-making process. In 1991, Mozambique began restructuring its water sector toward operational decentralized water resources management. Within this context of decentralization, new legal and institutional frameworks have been created, e.g., Regional Water Administrations (RWAs) and River Basin Committees. This paper identifies and analyzes the key institutional challenges and opportunities of DWRM implementation in Mozambique. The paper uses a critical social science research methodology for in-depth analysis of the roots of the constraining factors for the implementation of DWRM. The results obtained suggest that RWAs should be designed considering the specific geographic and infrastructural conditions of their jurisdictional areas and that priorities should be selected in their institutional capacity building strategies that match local realities. Furthermore, the results also indicate that RWAs have enjoyed limited support from basin stakeholders, mainly in basins with less hydraulic infrastructure, in securing water availability for their users and minimizing the effect of climate variability.

Environmental impact and risk quantification based on selected water quality indicators

Environmental assessments are often approached in an integrated manner, taking into consideration the decision-making processes, the stakeholders’ roles and the preservation of environmental components and human health. An environmental impact and risk assessment (EIRA) methodology could respond to the new challenges in water resources management such as those related to industrial/agricultural development and urbanization. Romania is a country that still faces problems in terms of integrated water resources management implementation, due to some industrial/agricultural activities that exceed water quality discharge limits and the influence of diffuse pollution sources over surface waters. This study presents the development and implementation of a methodology for the quantitative assessment of environmental impact and associated risk of the economic activities from four counties from the northeastern part of Romania (Botosani, Iasi, Vaslui and Galati counties) within the Prut river catchment. This methodology was developed for river basin evaluations by using representative quality indicators for the case of surface water pollution, i.e. biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), ammonia (NH4 +) and detergents, with reference to the maximum concentrations allowed by the national standards. The monthly water samples from 112 wastewater discharging agents (industry, agriculture, wastewater treatment plants, and small and medium enterprises) were analyzed, and the yearly average values of these five indicators were considered in the integrated assessment procedure. The results revealed that there are consistent environmental impacts and risks within Prut river basin, these being mainly produced by industry. The integrated impact and risk assessment methodology presents the advantages of rapidity and the potential for improving the decision-making process.