Implementation Of Waste Management System Research Articles

Evaluation of the Zero Waste Project in Istanbul District Municipalities from the Perspective of Sustainable Urban Planning

Rapid migration towards cities is occurring due to economic and social reasons. Industrialization, urbanization, and changes in consumption habits are creating environmental problems. Sustainable urban planning is necessary to ensure people’s quality of life in future cities. The establishment of strategic waste management processes is crucial. This topic encompasses the awareness, education, adaptation, and implementation of them by urban residents. The “Zero Waste Project” was initiated in Türkiye in 2017, and local governments have a significant responsibility for its implementation. City administrations strive to create clean, healthy, contemporary, and livable environmental conditions for their stakeholders. The aim of this study was to examine the Zero Waste Project system, an important approach for planning sustainable cities. Istanbul has 39 district municipalities. In this study, the amount of waste collected by the municipalities affiliated with Istanbul within the scope of the “Zero Waste Project” in 2022 was determined. Data were obtained from the “Zero Waste Project Implementation” sections of the 2022 activity reports of the 39 district municipalities. Data on the quantities in the categories of packaging, glass, clothing and textiles, electronics, batteries, vegetable oil, pharmaceuticals, tires, motor oil, and wood waste were obtained. This help us understand, the implementation of waste management systems in Istanbul district municipalities. In addition, the “Zero Waste Awareness and Incentive” activities carried out in Istanbul district municipalities are emphasized. The Zero Waste Project has the potential to improve the sustainability of urban living. It can be evaluated as a participatory environmental policy in terms of sustainable urban planning.

The Impact of Government Policy Regarding Waste Management in Tapin Districts South Kalimantan Province

The support of the local government and all social levels in the community is the key to successful waste management systems. Waste is mainly produced by community households. Deficient treatment and disposal severely pollute the environment. Therefore, the community must have an active role in protecting the environment. Regulation is an important aspect of policies and programs for the implementation of the waste management system to ensure that lower regulation is in line with the higher policies made by the central government. The objective of the study was to review regional regulation on waste management, comparing them to the central regulation government of waste policy, and analyze the implementation of the waste management system in the region. Content analysis was used to analyze the waste management of regional government policy. The implementation of waste management systems was analyzed using primary data obtained through observation. The secondary data was obtained by classifying the waste generation in tabular data calculated from the average of waste production by household per capita to the number of the population each subdistrict. The result indicated that the Regulation of Tapin District No. 6 of 2015 on the waste management system is in line with the central government waste policy. The implementation of waste management systems had not been carried out effectively by the regional government. The district generated solid waste at 93.3 tons each day and can only manage 27.21% in 4 subdistricts of urban settlement areas. The solid waste generation can be classified into five classes. Most are in the low and very low waste generation class. The very high generation class was in subdistricts, which have the highest population density in the region.

Environmental impact assessment of the implementation of a Deposit-Refund System for packaging waste in Spain: A solution or an additional problem?

Food and beverage packaging represent a relevant fraction of municipal solid waste, and its adequate management is critical. Selective waste collection by an authorized organization according to an Extended Producer Responsibility System (EPRS) is the current option implemented in Spain for packaging. Other European countries have selected an alternative or a complement: a Deposit-Refund System (DRS) for certain type of beverage packaging. The selection of an EPRS or a DRS is a complex task and this work developed a universal methodology for the evaluation of optimal waste packaging management systems, focused on food and beverage. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach was applied to compare the current EPRS vs the implementation of a new system, with the coexistence of a DRS and a reduced EPRS. Although the environmental savings of the new system are superior to its impacts, even if the DRS would reach a value of 90% for the package return index, the current EPRS obtains significantly better environmental results. All impact categories are favorable to the current EPRS, except ADP, where the potentially higher DRS recycling rate is manifested. The impact associated to the flow of specific DRS packages in the new system is clearly higher than that linked to the flow of DRS excluded packages and it is even higher that the impact of the total joint flow in the current EPRS for all categories except ADP. The fundamental cause of this high impact is the backhauling stage to transport the recovered packages to the counting plants without compacting. A sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of the preference of the current EPRS over the combination of a DRS and a reduced EPRS. The developed approach supposes a methodological advance that can be extended to previously realized studies about the implementation of waste management systems in other contexts.

Greening chemistry and ecotoxicology towards sustainable environmental quality

Pursuit of sustainable environmental quality is a noble goal, but global megatrends, highlighted by concentration of chemical use in cities faster than implementation of waste management systems, present emerging risks to public health and the environment.

Environmental assessment of waste management scenarios with energy recovery using life cycle assessment and multi-criteria analysis

Before design and implementation of waste management system, the sustainability assessment must be done, but specially must be considered their impact on the environment. Environmental impact should be considered throughout the life cycle of waste. In this paper combination of life cycle assessment and multi-criteria analysis, was applied to assess environmental impact of different waste management scenarios with energy recovery in City of Niš as a case study. In the first step, the Life Cycle Assessment is used to assess environmental impact of developed scenarios and to calculate values of impact categories (indicators). In the next step the Analytic Hierarchy Process is used to rank developed scenarios according to the goal: selection of the scenario with minimum negative environmental impact according to the indicators. Four scenarios were taken in to consideration: “business as usual” scenario i.e. landfilling without energy recovery, landfilling with biogas combustion to generate electricity and heat; incineration of waste with energy production, anaerobic digestion with biogas utilization for energy generation. The obtained results show that the Scenario with minimum negative environmental impact in the case study City of Niš is an anaerobic digestion with biogas utilization for energy generation.

Identifying potential environmental impacts of waste handling strategies in textile industry

Waste management is a successful instrument to minimize generated waste and improve environmental conditions. In spite of the large share of developing countries in the textile industry, limited information is available concerning the waste management strategies implemented for textiles on those countries and their environmental impacts. In the current study, two waste management approaches for hazardous solid waste treatment of acrylic fibers (landfill and incineration) were investigated. The main research questions were: What are the different impacts of each waste management strategy? Which waste management strategy is more ecofriendly? Life cycle assessment was employed in order to model the environmental impacts of each waste streaming approach separately then compare them together. Results revealed that incineration was the more ecofriendly approach. Highest impacts of both approaches were on ecotoxicity and carcinogenic potentials due to release of metals from pigment wastes. Landfill had an impact of 46.8% on human health as compared to 28% by incineration. Incineration impact on ecosystem quality was higher than landfill impact (68.4 and 51.3%, respectively). As for resources category, incineration had a higher impact than landfill (3.5 and 2.0%, respectively). Those impacts could be mitigated if state-of-the-art landfill or incinerator were used and could be reduced by applying waste to energy approaches for both management systems In conclusion, shifting waste treatment from landfill to incineration would decrease the overall environmental impacts and allow energy recovery. The potential of waste to energy approach by incineration with heat recovery could be considered in further studies. Future research is needed in order to assess the implementation of waste management systems and the preferable waste management strategies in the textile industry on developing countries.

REVIEW ON WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN THE HONG KONG CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY: USE OF SPECTRAL AND BISPECTRAL METHODS / ATLIEKŲ TVARKYMO SISTEMŲ HONKONGO STATYBŲ SEKTORIUJE APŽVALGA: SPEKTRINIO IR BISPEKTRINIO METODŲ TAIKYMAS

The Hong Kong government has implemented various measures to reduce waste, including a waste disposal ordinance, a green manager scheme, a waste reduction framework plan, a pilot concrete recycling plant, waste management systems and a landfill charging scheme. However, there are difficulties in implementing the waste management systems for contractors. This paper examines the existing implementation of waste management systems in the Hong Kong construction industry. Major sources of construction waste, awareness to install environment-friendly activities, benefits, difficulties and recommendations in the implementation of waste management systems are discussed. Questionnaire survey and structured interviews are conducted. Power spectra and bispectra of the survey data are introduced to assess the implementation of the existing waste management systems. It is found that formwork and temporary hoardings are the major sources of construction waste. Improving environmental performance is ranked as the least project scope for construction projects. “Propose methods for reducing waste” is the major benefit gained. However, “Lack of well-known effective waste management methods” is the major difficulty encountered by organisations. “Use of metal formwork”, “Use of prefabricated building components” and “Use of non-timber hoarding” are the recommended methods to improve the existing implementation of waste management systems. Santrauka Honkongo valdžia įdiegė įvairių priemonių atliekų kiekiui mažinti, įskaitant atliekų šalinimo potvarkį, žaliojo tvarkytojo planą, bendrąjį atliekų mažinimo planą, bandomąją betono perdirbimo gamyklą, atliekų tvarkymo sistemas ir sąvartyno mokesčių planą. Tačiau diegiant atliekų tvarkymo sistemas rangovams kyla sunkumų. Šiame darbe nagrinėjamos Honkongo statybų sektoriuje jau diegiamos atliekų tvarkymo sistemos. Aptariami pagrindiniai statybinių atliekų šaltiniai, žinios apie galimą aplinkai nekenksmingą veiklą, taip pat atliekų tvarkymo sistemų diegimo nauda, sunkumai ir rekomendacijos. Atliekamos anketinės apklausos ir nustatytos struktūros pokalbiai. Pasitelkus per apklausas surinktų duomenų galios spektrus ir bispektrus, įvertinamas esamų atliekų tvarkymo sistemų diegimas. Nustatoma, kad pagrindiniai statybinių atliekų šaltiniai – klojiniai ir laikinos tvoros. Aplinkosaugos charakteristikų gerinimas statybos projektuose laikomas mažiausia projekto dalimi. Pagrindinė gauta nauda – siūlomi atliekų kiekio mažinimo metodai. Tačiau didžiausias organizacijoms kylantis sunkumas – žinomų efektyvių atliekų tvarkymo metodų stoka. Gerinant šiuo metu diegiamas atliekų tvarkymo sistemas, rekomenduojama taikyti tokius metodus: metalinius klojinius, surenkamuosius statinių elementus ir laikinas tvoras ne iš medžio.

Toxicity potentials from waste cellular phones, and a waste management policy integrating consumer, corporate, and government responsibilities

Cellular phones have high environmental impact potentials because of their heavy metal content and current consumer attitudes toward purchasing new phones with higher functionality and neglecting to return waste phones into proper take-back systems. This study evaluates human health and ecological toxicity potentials from waste cellular phones; highlights consumer, corporate, and government responsibilities for effective waste management; and identifies key elements needed for an effective waste management strategy. The toxicity potentials are evaluated by using heavy metal content, respective characterization factors, and a pathway and impact model for heavy metals that considers end-of-life disposal in landfills or by incineration. Cancer potentials derive primarily from Pb and As; non-cancer potentials primarily from Cu and Pb; and ecotoxicity potentials primarily from Cu and Hg. These results are not completely in agreement with previous work in which leachability thresholds were the metric used to establish priority, thereby indicating the need for multiple or revised metrics. The triple bottom line of consumer, corporate, and government responsibilities is emphasized in terms of consumer attitudes, design for environment (DfE), and establishment and implementation of waste management systems including recycling streams, respectively. The key strategic elements for effective waste management include environmental taxation and a deposit-refund system to motivate consumer responsibility, which is linked and integrated with corporate and government responsibilities. The results of this study can contribute to DfE and waste management policy for cellular phones.